scholarly journals Impacts of simulated herbivory on VOC emission profiles from coniferous plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 13455-13514 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Faiola ◽  
B. T. Jobson ◽  
T. M. VanReken
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Plant Emissions ◽  
Pinus Aristata ◽  
Different Response

Abstract. The largest global source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere is from biogenic emissions. Plant stressors associated with a changing environment can alter both the quantity and composition of the compounds that are emitted. This study investigated the effects of one global change stressor, increased herbivory, on plant emissions from five different coniferous species: bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata), blue spruce (Picea pungens), western redcedar (Thuja plicata), grand fir (Abies grandis), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugas menziesii). Herbivory was simulated in the laboratory via exogenous application of methyl jasmonate, an herbivory proxy. Gas-phase species were measured continuously with a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer and flame ionization detector (GC-MS-FID). Stress responses varied between the different plant types and even between experiments using the same set of saplings. The compounds most frequently impacted by the stress treatment were alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, 1,8-cineol, beta-myrcene, terpinolene, limonene, and the cymene isomers. Individual compounds within a single experiment often exhibited a different response to the treatment from one another.

scholarly journals Impacts of simulated herbivory on volatile organic compound emission profiles from coniferous plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Faiola ◽  
B. T. Jobson ◽  
T. M. VanReken
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound Emission ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Plant Emissions ◽  
Pinus Aristata ◽  
Different Response

Abstract. The largest global source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere is from biogenic emissions. Plant stressors associated with a changing environment can alter both the quantity and composition of the compounds that are emitted. This study investigated the effects of one global change stressor, increased herbivory, on plant emissions from five different coniferous species: bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata), blue spruce (Picea pungens), western redcedar (Thuja plicata), grand fir (Abies grandis), and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Herbivory was simulated in the laboratory via exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a herbivory proxy. Gas-phase species were measured continuously with a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer and flame ionization detector (GC–MS–FID). Stress responses varied between the different plant types and even between experiments using the same set of saplings. The compounds most frequently impacted by the stress treatment were alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, 1,8-cineol, beta-myrcene, terpinolene, limonene, and the cymene isomers. Individual compounds within a single experiment often exhibited a different response to the treatment from one another.

Geographic patterns of genetic variation and population structure in Pinus aristata, Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna W. Schoettle ◽  
Betsy A. Goodrich ◽  
Valerie Hipkins ◽  
Christopher Richards ◽  
Julie Kray
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Pinus Aristata

Pinus aristata Engelm., Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine, has a narrow core geographic and elevational distribution, occurs in disjunct populations, and is threatened by rapid climate change, white pine blister rust, and bark beetles. Knowledge of genetic diversity and population structure will help guide gene conservation strategies for this species. Sixteen sites across four mountain ranges in the core distribution of P. aristata were sampled and genetic diversity was assessed with 21 isozyme loci. Low species and population level genetic diversity (He = 0.070 and 0.062, respectively) occurred with moderate among-population differentiation (FST = 0.131). Genetic diversity correlated with longitude, latitude, and elevation and a strong mountain island effect may contribute to substructuring and isolation. Using multiple complementary analyses, sampled trees were assigned to three genetic lineages that varied in diversity and admixture and were associated with different climatic factors. The distribution of genetic diversity and substructuring of P. aristata may be an outcome of a combination of restricted gene flow due to geographic and phenological isolation, random processes of genetic drift, life history traits, natural selection, and postglacial migrations. The combination of low genetic diversity, moderate population isolation, and a protracted regeneration dynamic puts populations at risk for extirpation by novel stresses.

Bristlecone pine tree rings and volcanic eruptions over the last 5000 yr

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Salzer ◽  
Malcolm K. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Pinus Longaeva ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Ice Core Record ◽  
Pinus Aristata

AbstractMany years of low growth identified in a western USA regional chronology of upper forest border bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva and Pinus aristata) over the last 5000 yr coincide with known large explosive volcanic eruptions and/or ice core signals of past eruptions. Over the last millennium the agreement between the tree-ring data and volcano/ice-core data is high: years of ring-width minima can be matched with known volcanic eruptions or ice-core volcanic signals in 86% of cases. In previous millennia, while there is substantial concurrence, the agreement decreases with increasing antiquity. Many of the bristlecone pine ring-width minima occurred at the same time as ring-width minima in high latitude trees from northwestern Siberia and/or northern Finland over the past 4000–5000 yr, suggesting climatically-effective events of at least hemispheric scale. In contrast with the ice-core records, the agreement between widely separated tree-ring records does not decrease with increasing antiquity. These data suggest specific intervals when the climate system was or was not particularly sensitive enough to volcanic forcing to affect the trees, and they augment the ice core record in a number of ways: by providing confirmation from an alternative proxy record for volcanic signals, by suggesting alternative dates for eruptions, and by adding to the list of years when volcanic events of global significance were likely, including the mid-2nd-millennium BC eruption of Thera.

scholarly journals Macrofungi on Three Nonnative Coniferous Species Introduced 130 Years Ago, Into Warmia, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Damszel ◽  
Sławomir Piętka ◽  
Andrzej Szczepkowski ◽  
Zbigniew Sierota
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Coniferous Species ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Experimental Plots

In fall 2018 and 2019, we assessed colonization by fungi on Douglas fir trees [<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii </em>(Mirb.) Franco], white pine (<em>Pinus strobus </em>L.), and red cedar (<em>Thuja plicata </em>D. Don.) on selected experimental plots of the former Prussian Experimental Station, where nonnative tree species were introduced from North America over a century ago. The presence of sporocarps on trunks, root collars, and stumps as well as the litter layer in the soil within a radius of 0.5 m around the trunk of the tree was determined. Additionally, the volume of dead wood on the forest floor of the entire plot was assessed. We recorded numerous fungi on trees and stumps as well as in the litter and soil. For the 31 plots in 12 forest districts, we determined 745 sporocarps of 48 taxa, with 335/19 on the wood of <em>P. menziesii </em>trees and stumps, 377/15 on <em>P. strobus</em>, and 33/6 on <em>T. plicata </em>trees. The highest share of trees with various trunk damage levels was found for <em>T. plicata </em>(70.3%) and the lowest for <em>P. menziesii </em>(6.2%). Among the root parasitic fungi, <em>Heterobasidion </em>sp. and <em>Armillaria </em>sp. were found, especially on the collars and stumps of <em>T. plicata </em>and <em>P. strobus</em>; we did not find basidiomata of both pathogens on <em>P. menziesii</em>. The volume of dead wood within the <em>P. menziesii </em>plots averaged 7.1 m3/ha, whereas in <em>T. plicata </em>plots, it was 56.3 m3/ha. We identified 10 taxa that have not been reported in association with <em>P. strobus </em>for Poland (<em>Cylindrobasidium laeve</em>, <em>Dacrymyces </em>sp., <em>Exidia pithya</em>, <em>E. saccharina</em>, <em>Gymnopilus pnetrans</em>, <em>Leptoporus mollis</em>, <em>Mycena sanguinolenta</em>, <em>Tapinella panuoides</em>, <em>Trametes versicolor</em>, and <em>Xylaria hypoxylon</em>) and three taxa (<em>Exidia pithya</em>, <em>Leptoporus mollis</em>, <em>Serpula himantioides</em>) associated with <em>T. plicata</em>.

scholarly journals University of Pennsylvania Radiocarbon Dates XII

Radiocarbon ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth K. Ralph ◽  
Henry N. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Pinus Aristata

This list is a continuation of Univ. of Pennsylvania Dates VII (Radiocarbon, 1965, v. 7, p. 179-186). It includes results for samples of Sequoia gigantea and for Pinus aristata, most of which were tree-ring dated at the Lab. of Tree-Ring Research, Univ. of Arizona.All sequoia and bristlecone pine samples have been corrected for deviations in C13/C12 ratios. The δC13 values listed represent the deviations (multiplied by 2) of the samples measured from the δC13 value of our 100-yr old standard oak sample which is also the reference value (adjusted for zero age) for the calculation of δC14. In our previous publication (Radiocarbon, 1965, v. 7, p. 179-186), δC13 values were erroneously reported as negative deviations from our oak standard. For the calculation of the Δ's, however, they were used in the correct sense. This mistake has been corrected in this list and one notes that the sequoias and bristlecone pines tend to be enriched slightly in C13 as compared with the oak standard.

scholarly journals First Report of White Pine Blister Rust on Rocky Mountain Bristlecone Pine

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Blodgett ◽  
K. F. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
First Report ◽  
Limber Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Bristlecone Pine ◽  
Pinus Aristata

White pine blister rust caused by Cronartium ribicola was introduced into North America in the early 20th century and is spreading throughout the range of five-needle pines. In northern Colorado, this pathogen was first observed in 1998 on limber pine (Pinus flexilis) (1). It has not been reported on Rocky Mountain or Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata and P. longaeva, respectively) in nature. However, Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine is susceptible to the disease when artificially inoculated (2). In October 2003, a Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine was found infected with C. ribicola in the Great Sand Dunes National Monument, Alamosa County, Colorado. Seven branch cankers were observed on the tree. Cankers ranged in length from 15 to 41 cm and were estimated to be approximately 5 to 7 years old. Distinct C. ribicola branch symptoms were observed, including flagging, spindle-shaped swellings, and 6 mm long aecial scars. A branch was deposited at the Colorado State Herbarium. Microscopic examination of spores within remnant aecial blisters revealed aeciospores characteristic of C. ribicola (yellow-orange, ellipsoid, verrucose, and 19 × 25 μm). Cankers were only observed on one bristlecone pine. However, most limber pines in the area were infected with C. ribicola, including a limber pine less than 1 m from the infected bristlecone pine. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine can become infected naturally, and the pathogen is further south in Colorado on limber pine than previously reported. These observations suggest the need for a more complete investigation of this disease on bristlecone pines. References: (1) D. W. Johnson and W. R. Jacobi. Plant Dis. 84:595, 2000. (2) B. R. Stephan, Allg. Forst Z. 28:695, 1985.

scholarly journals Function and Mechanism of WRKY Transcription Factors in Abiotic Stress Responses of Plants

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Weixing Li ◽  
Siyu Pang ◽  
Zhaogeng Lu ◽  
Biao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factors ◽  
Different Response

The WRKY gene family is a plant-specific transcription factor (TF) group, playing important roles in many different response pathways of diverse abiotic stresses (drought, saline, alkali, temperature, and ultraviolet radiation, and so forth). In recent years, many studies have explored the role and mechanism of WRKY family members from model plants to agricultural crops and other species. Abiotic stress adversely affects the growth and development of plants. Thus, a review of WRKY with stress responses is important to increase our understanding of abiotic stress responses in plants. Here, we summarize the structural characteristics and regulatory mechanism of WRKY transcription factors and their responses to abiotic stress. We also discuss current issues and future perspectives of WRKY transcription factor research.

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