scholarly journals Climate-related changes in peatland carbon accumulation during the last millennium

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 14327-14364 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Charman ◽  
D. W. Beilman ◽  
M. Blaauw ◽  
R. K. Booth ◽  
S. Brewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Sequestration Rate ◽  
Northern Peatlands ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Rate

Abstract. Peatlands are a major terrestrial carbon store and a persistent natural carbon sink during the Holocene, but there is considerable uncertainty over the fate of peatland carbon in a changing climate. It is generally assumed that higher temperatures will increase peat decay, causing a positive feedback to climate warming and contributing to the global positive carbon cycle feedback. Here we use a new extensive database of peat profiles across northern high latitudes to examine spatial and temporal patterns of carbon accumulation over the past millennium. Opposite to expectations, our results indicate a small negative carbon cycle feedback from past changes in the long-term accumulation rates of northern peatlands. Total carbon accumulated over the last 1000 yr is linearly related to contemporary growing season length and photosynthetically active radiation, suggesting that variability in net primary productivity is more important than decomposition in determining long-term carbon accumulation. Furthermore, northern peatland carbon sequestration rate declines over the climate transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) to the Little Ice Age (LIA), probably because of lower LIA temperatures combined with increased cloudiness suppressing net primary productivity. Other factors including changing moisture status, peatland distribution, fire, nitrogen deposition, permafrost thaw and methane emissions will also influence future peatland carbon cycle feedbacks, but our data suggest that the carbon sequestration rate could increase over many areas of northern peatlands.

scholarly journals Climate-related changes in peatland carbon accumulation during the last millennium

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 929-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Charman ◽  
D. W. Beilman ◽  
M. Blaauw ◽  
R. K. Booth ◽  
S. Brewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Sequestration Rate ◽  
Northern Peatlands ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Rate

Abstract. Peatlands are a major terrestrial carbon store and a persistent natural carbon sink during the Holocene, but there is considerable uncertainty over the fate of peatland carbon in a changing climate. It is generally assumed that higher temperatures will increase peat decay, causing a positive feedback to climate warming and contributing to the global positive carbon cycle feedback. Here we use a new extensive database of peat profiles across northern high latitudes to examine spatial and temporal patterns of carbon accumulation over the past millennium. Opposite to expectations, our results indicate a small negative carbon cycle feedback from past changes in the long-term accumulation rates of northern peatlands. Total carbon accumulated over the last 1000 yr is linearly related to contemporary growing season length and photosynthetically active radiation, suggesting that variability in net primary productivity is more important than decomposition in determining long-term carbon accumulation. Furthermore, northern peatland carbon sequestration rate declined over the climate transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) to the Little Ice Age (LIA), probably because of lower LIA temperatures combined with increased cloudiness suppressing net primary productivity. Other factors including changing moisture status, peatland distribution, fire, nitrogen deposition, permafrost thaw and methane emissions will also influence future peatland carbon cycle feedbacks, but our data suggest that the carbon sequestration rate could increase over many areas of northern peatlands in a warmer future.

scholarly journals Carbon Accumulation Potential from Natural Forest Regrowth of Godech Municipality, Western Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Borislav Grigorov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Forest Regrowth ◽  
Sequestration Rate ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Rate ◽  
Potential Carbon

Abstract The present research deals with carbon sequestration, as an important process for mitigating the effects of climate change. The investigation focuses on a 30-year period and it covers only aboveground biomass that builds up from natural forest regrowth, excluding any plantation techniques. Potential carbon sequestration rate from natural forest regrowth in Godech Municipality was measured in Mg C ha−1 yr−1 and the resolution of the map was 1x1 km. The results of the study display that carbon accumulation values in the researched area were consistent with those that were expected in the largest parts of Bulgaria. The biggest share of Godech Municipality falls within the range of 0.82 – 0.96 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 with restricted areas around the villages of Barlya, Smolcha, Gubesh, Murgash and Varbnitsa that may accumulate between 0.96 – 1.11 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. In conclusion, carbon accumulation only from natural forest regrowth provides representative information, however it would have been better if different plantation techniques were regarded as well. The successful results of the investigation should encourage other studies of this type in the neighbouring municipalities.

Response of plant community structure and primary productivity to experimental drought and flooding in an Alaskan fen

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber C. Churchill ◽  
Merritt R. Turetsky ◽  
A. David McGuire ◽  
Teresa N. Hollingsworth
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Northern Peatlands

Northern peatlands represent a long-term net sink for atmospheric CO2, but these ecosystems can shift from net carbon (C) sinks to sources based on changing climate and environmental conditions. In particular, changes in water availability associated with climate control peatland vegetation and carbon uptake processes. We examined the influence of changing hydrology on plant species abundance and ecosystem primary production in an Alaskan fen by manipulating the water table in field treatments to mimic either sustained flooding (raised water table) or drought (lowered water table) conditions for 6 years. We found that water table treatments altered plant species abundance by increasing sedge and grass cover in the raised water table treatment and reducing moss cover while increasing vascular green area in the lowered water table treatment. Gross primary productivity was lower in the lowered treatment than in the other plots, although there were no differences in total biomass or vascular net primary productivity among the treatments. Overall, our results indicate that vegetation abundance was more sensitive to variation in water table than total biomass and vascular biomass accrual. Finally, in our experimental peatland, drought had stronger consequences for change in vegetation abundance and ecosystem function than sustained flooding.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF CARBON STORAGE AND SEQUESTRATION BY USING I- TREE PROGRAM FOR ATRUSH FOREST/NORTH OF IRAQ

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qaro & Akrawee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Us ◽  
Plane Trees ◽  
Sequestration Rate ◽  
Us Forest Service ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Rate

This study was aimed to assess the data collected from the Iraqi North forests of Atrush, for reporting the urban forests and their status in many locations with different scales and ranges. This process was carried out by using up-to-date technology. Such technology included the economic scopes of the evaluation ecosystem, by i-Tree Eco evaluation, and the US Forest Service which helps out in such a program. The evaluation included the total carbon storage of 41 species of trees, and it was found that 27.78 t of those trees in which the value of $ 4743608.35 had an amount of gross carbon sequestration rate of 0.63 t /year and a value of $107.576.431.These results indicated that carbon storage within those trees of different species investigated by the program was not the same and the Oriental plane trees are different and distinguish from other trees in term of their storage of carbon amount and only seven trees had the storage of 20.51 t of carbon with carbon sequestration of 0.32 t. Other species in the sample had less amount of carbon sequestration.

scholarly journals FITOPLANKTON DAN SIKLUS KARBON GLOBAL

OSEANA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Mochamad Ramdhan Firdaus ◽  
Lady Ayu Sri Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Global Carbon Cycle ◽  
Biological Pump ◽  
Large Role ◽  
The World ◽  
Pump Mechanism ◽  
Global Carbon

PHYTOPLANKTON AND GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE. Scientists around the world believe that phytoplankton, although microscopic, have a large role in the global carbon cycle. Various research results show that the net primary productivity of all phytoplankton in the sea is almost as large as the net primary productivity of all plants on land. Phytoplankton through the process of photosynthesis absorbs 40-50 PgC / year from the atmosphere. Also, phytoplankton is known to be responsible for transporting carbon from the atmosphere to the seafloor through the carbon biological pump mechanism. Phytoplankton from the coccolithophores group is known to play a role in the sequestration of carbon on the seabed through the carbonate pump mechanism. The mechanism is capable of sequestering carbon for thousands of years on the seabed in the form of sedimentary rocks (limestone).

scholarly journals The influence of Carboniferous palaeoatmospheres on plant function: an experimental and modelling assessment

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1365) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Beerling ◽  
F. I. Woodward ◽  
M. R. Lomas ◽  
M. A. Wills ◽  
W. P. Quick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Late Carboniferous ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Area Index ◽  
The Impact

Geochemical models of atmospheric evolution predict that during the late Carboniferous, ca . 300 Ma, atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations were 35% and 0.03%, respectively. Both gases compete with each other for ribulose–1,5–bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase–the primary C–fixing enzyme in C 3 land plants: and the absolute concentrations and the ratio of the two in the atmosphere have the potential to strongly influence land–plant function. The Carboniferous therefore represents an era of potentially strong feedback between atmospheric composition and plant function. We assessed some implications of this ratio of atmospheric gases on plant function using experimental and modelling approaches. After six weeks growth at 35% O 2 and 0.03% carbon dioxide, no photosynthetic acclimation was observed in the woody species Betula pubescens and Hedera helix relative to those plants grown at 21% O 2 . Leaf photosynthetic rates were 29% lower in the high O 2 environment compared to the controls. A global–scale analysis of the impact of the late Carboniferous climate and atmospheric composition on vegetation function was determined by driving a process–based vegetation–biogeochemistry model with a Carboniferous global palaeoclimate simulated by the Universities Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme General Circulation Model. Global patterns of net primary productivity, leaf area index and soil carbon concentration for the equilibrium model solutions showed generally low values everywhere, compared with the present day, except for a central band in the northern land mass extension of Gondwana, where high values were predicted. The areas of high soil carbon accumulation closely match the known distribution of late Carboniferous coals. Sensitivity analysis with the model indicated that the increase in O 2 concentration from 21% to 35% reduced global net primary productivity by 18.7% or by 6.3 GtC yr –1 . Further work is required to collate and map at the global scale the distribution of vegetation types, and evidence for wildfires, for the late Carboniferous to test our predictions.

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