Reduktion von Hitzestress und Überflutungen im urbanen Raum durch Nutzung von Synergien bei Anpassungsmaßnahmen an den Klimawandel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alrun Jasper-Tönnies ◽  
Yannick Back ◽  
Peter Bach ◽  
Wolfgang Rauch ◽  
Thomas Einfalt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New York ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Revision Process ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
Total Environment

<p>Unsere Städte sind kontinuierlichen Veränderungen unterworfen. Das Bevölkerungswachstum führt zu einem steigenden Bedarf an Wohn-, Gewerbe- und Verkehrsflächen und damit zu voranschreitender Versiegelung von natürlichen Flächen. Durch den Klimawandel sind unter anderem vermehrt auftretende Starkniederschläge, aber auch längere Trockenperioden und Hitzewellen zu erwarten (z.B. IPCC, 2014). Somit sehen sich Städte in naher Zukunft großen Herausforderungen ausgesetzt. Gleichzeitig sind Ressourcen für Anpassungsmaßnahmen begrenzt, und Flächen, die für Anpassungsmaßnahmen benötigt würden, stehen unter hoher Nutzungskonkurrenz. Vor diesem Hintergrund rücken Anpassungsmaßnahmen in den Vordergrund, die einen mehrfachen Nutzen aufweisen, wie dezentrale Entwässerungsmaßnahmen. Durch die Behandlung von Niederschlagswasser direkt vor Ort können gleichzeitig Grünflächen und Schattenplätze geschaffen, sowie Infiltration, Evapotranspiration und die Speicherung von Wasser gesteigert werden. Neben einer Entlastung des städtischen Abwassersystems kommt es damit auch zu einer Verbesserung des urbanen Mikroklimas und zu einer Minderung von Hitzeinseln. Die Auswirkung dezentraler Entwässerungssysteme auf das urbane Mikroklima wurde hier am Beispiel der Stadt Innsbruck näher untersucht. Zukünftige Klimaänderungen wurden anhand von Beobachtungsdaten und regionalen Klimaprojektionen aus EURO-CORDEX/ReKliEs unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener RCP-Szenarien (Abb. 1, 2) abgeschätzt. Indikatoren wie der Universal Thermal Climate Index wurden mittels eines vereinfachten Ansatzes in Abhängigkeit von lokalen Standorteigenschaften in einem GIS (Geoinformationssystem) simuliert (Back et al., 2020). Dieser Ansatz dient der Analyse urbaner Hitze auf mehreren Maßstabsebenen und kann unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener RCP-Szenarien durchgeführt werden (Abb. 3). Eine Koppelung dieses Ansatzes mit einem Ansatz nach Simperler et al. (2018), zur Differenzierung städtischer Strukturtypen und ihrer Potenziale und Einschränkungen für die dezentrale Niederschlagswasserbehandlung, soll prioritäre Gebiete zur Einbettung optimierter Anpassungsmaßnahmen lokalisieren und dadurch Synergieeffekte fördern. Diese Arbeit ist Teil der Projekte CONQUAD (Projekt Nr. KR16AC0K13143) und cool-INN (Projekt Nr. KR19SC0F14953), welche vom Österreichischen Klima- und Energiefonds gefördert werden.</p><p><strong>Literatur</strong></p><p>Back, Y., Bach, P.M., Jasper-Tönnies, A., Rauch, W. und Kleidorfer, M. (2020). A rapid fine-scale approach to modelling urban bioclimatic conditions. Science of the Total Environment. Revision Process.</p><p>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2014). Summary for policymakers. IN: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II of the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1-32.</p><p>Simperler, L., Himmelbauer, P., Stöglehner, G. und Ertl, T. (2018). Siedlungswasserwirtschaftliche Strukturtypen und ihre Potenziale für die dezentrale Bewirtschaftung von Niederschlagswasser. Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, Wien.</p><p><img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.8dc32f38488f51196672061/sdaolpUECMynit/21-TKD&app=m&a=0&c=b90baff20f885e52746c33cca59e5d0c&ct=x&pn=gnp.elif" alt="" width="525" height="378"></p><p><img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.9cad14f6488f50856672061/sdaolpUECMynit/21-TKD&app=m&a=0&c=381acd600b8ccddf546902279086aa4b&ct=x&pn=gnp.elif" alt="" width="433" height="291"></p><p><img src="https://contentmanager.copernicus.org/fileStorageProxy.php?f=gnp.3eefdc36488f56936672061/sdaolpUECMynit/21-TKD&app=m&a=0&c=ee59c3cd5d6e5663a3d4c996da0683b7&ct=x&pn=gnp.elif" alt=""></p>

scholarly journals The evaluation of biothermal conditions for various forms of climatic therapy based on UTCI adjusted for activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Lindner-Cendrowska ◽  
Peter Bröde
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activities ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Adjustment Procedure ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Health Resorts ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions

The objective of this study was to assess biothermal conditions in the selected Polish health resorts for specific forms of climatic therapy. We calculated Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) for ten-year period (2008- 2017) and then added adjustment terms, taking into account changes in metabolic rates during various physical activities from resting to vigorous exercise. The adjusted UTCI values increased with rising activity, implying that warmer parts of the year were unsuitable for intensive forms of climatotherapy. These results demonstrate that the UTCI adjustment procedure provides well-balanced assessments of bioclimatic conditions for the purpose of climatic treatment considering the level of activity

scholarly journals Bioclimatic Conditions of Paris, Rome and Budapest on the Basis of the Universal Thermal Climate Index

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Idzikowska
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the main features of the bioclimatic conditions of three European cities using a new Universal Thermal Climate Index. Daily values of meteorological variables for 12 UTC for the cities for 1990-2001 were used in the study. Using the frequency of UTCI and one-way Anova, the results showed that in all the three cities “no thermal stress” dominated throughout the year. “Extreme” values of heat as well as “cold stress” were observed but in none of the cities “extreme cold stress” occurred. The values of UTCI differed for all the three cities in each studied year. The cities differed from each other in each month during the whole year with the exception of spring - March and April.

scholarly journals Bioclimatic conditions and thermal seasons of the year in Szczecin

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-299
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Mąkosza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Thermal Spring ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions

Climate change is an empirical fact evidenced by subsequent IPCC reports. The observed climate change is also manifested in the altered date of occurrence and duration of the seasons in a year. Variability of thermal conditions due to climate warming will have its toll on the bioclimatic conditions. The assessment of bioclimatic conditions was conducted with the use of Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The present elaboration is based on hourly values of the following meteorological elements: air temperature, relative air humidity, wind speed and cloud cover. The meteorological data were obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB) in Szczecin and cover the period 2000-2019. Variability of bioclimatic conditions is considered per periods corresponding to thermal seasons of the year as identified by the Gumiński (1948) method on the basis of monthly air temperature values. The analysed UTCI values with respect to thermal seasons indicate that mean UTCI values in the period 2000-2019 representative for thermal summer amount to 22.6°C, thermal spring 9,9°C, thermal autumn 8.4°C, thermal winter -10.4°C, early spring -4.6°C, and early winter -7.9°C. For the periods with identified lack of thermal winter, mean UTCI value was -6.6°C. The aim of the present paper is an attempt to assess the variability of biothermal conditions as calculated using the UTCI index against the thermal seasons of the year in Szczecin.

scholarly journals Bioclimatic conditions of Lublin based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Mateusz Dobek ◽  
Sylwester Wereski ◽  
Agnieszka Krzyżewska
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to describe bioclimatic conditions in Lublin and Radawiec in the period 1976–2015 using the UTCI index. The paper shows that in Lublin and Radawiec, the most frequent biometeorological conditions caused no heat stress and were neutral for the human organism. At the analysed stations, biometeorological conditions causing cold stress occurred more frequently than those causing heat stress. Biometeorological conditions in the analysed period were characterised by high year-to-year variability. We observed that in recent years there was an increase in frequency of conditions favouring heat stress and a decrease in conditions favouring cold stress.

scholarly journals The assessment of human bioclimate of Vranje health resort (Serbia) based on Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) with the focus on extreme biothermal conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-222
Author(s):  
Milica Pecelj ◽  
Anna Błażejczyk ◽  
Nemanja Vagić ◽  
Peca Ivanović
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Heat And Cold Stress ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions

The study deals with an assessment and interpretation of the bioclimatic conditions in Vranje (southern Serbia). The study aims at temporal distributions of bioclimatic conditions focussing on extreme thermal stress based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The meteorological data required for the calculation of UTCI concern hourly (7 and 14 CET) weather data collected for the period 2000-2017. The frequency of very strong heat stress (VSHS), very strong cold stress (VSCS) and extreme cold stress (ECS) for both morning and midday hours. Furthermore, the daily difference of the UTCI hourly values (diurnal UTCI change) are specified, giving the daily variance of heat and cold stress. The results revealed the frequency of days in which thermal stress prevails for the studied period. The obtained results show an increase in extreme heat biothermal conditions, while extreme cold biothermal conditions are in decline, especially in the last 10 years. However, the frequency (the number of days) of very strong heat stress (VSHS) increased since 2007. A spectacular increase in heat stress was observed in the month of September, particularly in 2015.

scholarly journals Bioclimatic Conditions of June 2019 in Poland on a Multi-Year Background (1966–2019)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Marek Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Summer Season ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Period

The study objective was to characterise human-biometeorological conditions in the summer season in the period 1966–2019 in Poland, with particular consideration of June 2019. The study was conducted based on data from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute (IMGW–PIB) for the years 1966–2019. The data provided the basis for the calculation of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The study revealed high spatial variability of human-biometeorological conditions in Poland, with strenuous character intensifying from the north to the south of the country. An increase in UTCI in the summer season was recorded in the studied multi-annual period. It was the most intensive in the north-eastern Poland. The consequence of the observed changes was an increase in the frequency of days with heat stress categories (days with UTCI > 26.0 °C), and a decrease in the frequency of days with cold stress categories (days with UTCI < 9.0 °C). Season 2019 stood out at the scale of the entire country in the context of the multi-annual period. This particularly concerns June, when mean monthly UTCI values were the highest in the analysed multi-annual period.

scholarly journals Accelerating Urban Heating Under Land-Cover and Climate Change Scenarios in Indonesia: Application of the Universal Thermal Climate Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martiwi Diah Setiawati ◽  
Marcin Pawel Jarzebski ◽  
Martin Gomez-Garcia ◽  
Kensuke Fukushi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Climate Index ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Universal Thermal Climate Index ◽  
Wave Duration ◽  
Thermal Climate ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Heat Wave Duration

Climate change causing an increase of frequency and magnitude of heat waves has a huge impact on the urban population worldwide. In Indonesia, the Southeast Asian country in the tropical climate zone, the increasing heat wave duration due to climate change will be also magnified by projected rapid urbanization. Therefore, not only climate change mitigation measures but also adaptation solutions to more frequent extreme weather events are necessary. Adaptation is essential at local levels. The projected increase of the heat wave duration will trigger greater health-related risks. It will also drive higher energy demands, particularly in urban areas, for cooling. New smart solutions for growing urbanization for reducing urban heat island phenomenon are critical, but in order to identify them, analyzing the changing magnitude and spatial distribution of urban heat is essential. We projected the current and future spatial variability of heat stress index in three cities in Indonesia, namely, Medan, Surabaya, and Denpasar, under climate change and land-cover change scenarios, and quantified it with the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) for two periods, baseline (1981–2005) and future (2018–2042). Our results demonstrated that currently the higher level of the UTCI was identified in the urban centers of all three cities, indicating the contribution of urban heat island phenomenon to the higher UTCI. Under climate change scenarios, all three cities will experience increase of the heat, whereas applying the land-cover scenario demonstrated that in only Medan and Denpasar, the UTCI is likely to experience a higher increase by 3.1°C; however, in Surabaya, the UTCI will experience 0.84°C decrease in the period 2018–2042 due to urban greening. This study advanced the UTCI methodology by demonstrating its applicability for urban heat warning systems and for monitoring of the urban green cooling effect, as well as it provides a base for adaptation measures’ planning.

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