Understanding risk and resilience in alpine communities: A conceptual model for coupling human and landscape systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margreth Keiler ◽  
Jorge Alberto Ramirez ◽  
Md Sarwar Hossain ◽  
Tina Haisch ◽  
Olivia Martius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Landscape System ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
Human Landscape ◽  
Alpine Communities

<p>Disasters induced by natural hazards or extreme events consist of interacting human and natural components. While progress has been made to mitigate and adapt to natural hazards, much of the existing research lacks interdisciplinary approaches that equally consider both natural and social processes. More importantly, this lack of integration between approaches remains a major challenge in developing disaster risk management plans for communities. In this study, we made a first attempt to develop a conceptual model of a coupled human-landscape system in Swiss Alpine communities. The conceptual model contains a system dynamics (e.g. interaction, feedbacks) component to reproduce community level, socio-economic developments and shocks that include economic crises leading to unemployment, depopulation and diminished community revenue. Additionally, the conceptual model contains climate, hydrology, and geomorphic components that are sources of natural hazards such as floods and debris flows. Feedbacks between the socio-economic and biophysical systems permit adaptation to flood and debris flow risks by implementing spatially explicit mitigation options including flood defences and land cover changes. Here we justify the components, scales, and feedbacks present in the conceptual model and provide guidance on how to operationalize the conceptual model to assess risk and community resilience of Swiss Alpine communities.</p>

scholarly journals A coupled human and landscape conceptual model of risk and resilience in Swiss Alpine communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 138322
Author(s):  
Md Sarwar Hossain ◽  
Jorge Alberto Ramirez ◽  
Tina Haisch ◽  
Chinwe Ifejika Speranza ◽  
Olivia Martius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Alpine Communities

scholarly journals Effects of a Short-Term Trampling Experiment on Alpine Vegetation in the Tatras, Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2750
Author(s):  
Veronika Piscová ◽  
Michal Ševčík ◽  
Juraj Hreško ◽  
František Petrovič
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Alpine Communities

Over the past decades, outdoor recreation in mountains has become progressively more important and as a result human induced potential damage has increased. Alpine communities are particularly susceptible to human recreational activities, such as tourist trampling. Although there are a number of studies that explicitly assess the effects of trampling on alpine communities, they do not reflect on terrains with a rich topography and the presence of more communities in very small areas. In this study, effects of short-term trampling on some alpine communities in the Tatras, the highest mountains of the Carpathians, were studied experimentally. Vulnerability to disturbance was compared among plant communities in terms of resistance and resilience, which are based on cover measurements. With proximity to trampling intensity, we found a significant decrease in plant cover and abundance of deciduous shrubs, lichens, and mosses. These results demonstrate that human trampling in alpine communities has major negative impacts on lichen and moss abundance and species richness. A short-term trampling experiment required several years of community regeneration. Therefore, management plans should discourage hiking activity off paths and restrict recreational activities.

scholarly journals Hazard, Risk and Resilience: Overview of Two Major Urban Areas of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moushumi Zahur
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Climatic Hazards ◽  
Informal Interview ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Global And Local

Bangladesh is known as one of the disaster-prone countries of the world. Geographical locations of the country and climate change phenomena make the country more vulnerable to a natural disaster. Most of the urban areas of the country are also susceptible to both geological and climatic hazards. These risks and vulnerabilities have been aggravated by poverty, rapid and unplanned urbanization of the country. The two major urban areas of the country including capital city Dhaka; the largest and main port city Chittagong are experiencing natural hazards, and the inhabitants of those areas are on risk. Due to the location of these two urban areas, different types of natural hazards are faced almost every year by the dwellers. The research reviewed local and global disaster framework, and recent literature works to assess the existing resilience scenario of these two cities. Informal interview of dwellers and local government officials was also conducted on both cities. This study tries to discuss the probable significant natural hazards of the two major cities of the country. The research also presents the existing resilience scenario of these two major urban areas in consideration of the global and local disaster management framework. The study will also try to suggest some recommendations to increase and improve the resilience of these significant metropolitan areas.

Using Resilience in Risk-Based Asset Management Plans

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-192
Author(s):  
YuanChi Liu ◽  
Sue McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Robeson County ◽  
Transportation Asset Management

Each state in the U.S.A. is required to develop and maintain a risk-based transportation asset management plan for the National Highway System (NHS) to improve or preserve the condition of the assets and the performance of the system. Awareness of natural hazards and extreme weather events has also increased with recent catastrophic hurricanes, such as Matthew (October, 2016) and Harvey (August, 2017), which caused significant inland floods in Robeson County, North Carolina, and Houston, Texas, respectively. These recent events and the damage to transportation infrastructure has also focused attention on the resilience of transportation networks. However, an integrated, consistent, well-understood method to assess or quantify the resilience of transportation networks is still lacking. This paper reviews the relevant concepts, legislative requirements that link asset management, risk and resilience, and tools available to support risk-based asset management. Based on a review of the transportation asset management plans developed by 49 state departments of transportation in 2018 and 2019, the paper summarizes the approaches to the risk management section of these asset management plans and the role resilience plays. Opportunities to better integrate resilience into the risk-based asset management plans are then identified. Examples are presented that demonstrate the role of resilience-related technical performance measures that reflect decisions related to flooding in the various stages of the disaster cycle (preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation).

scholarly journals Risk perception of local stakeholders on natural hazards: implications for theory and practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Ciprian Mărgărint ◽  
Mihai Niculiţă ◽  
Giulia Roder ◽  
Paolo Tarolli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Abstract. In Romania, local stakeholders' knowledge plays a decisional role in emergencies, supporting rescue officers in natural hazard events, coordinating and assisting, both physically and psychologically, the affected populations. However, despite in Iași Metropolitan area (NE of Romania), the occurrence and severity of natural hazards are increasing there is a lack of knowledge of local stakeholders to address the population toward safety actions. For this reason, 118 local stakeholders were interviewed to determine their risk awareness and preparedness capacities over a set of natural hazards to understand where the lack of knowledge, action, and trust are exacerbated the most. Results reveal substantial distinctions among stakeholders and the different threats based on their cognitive and behavioral roles in the communities. The role of responsibility and trust has been seen as important driving factors shaping their perception and preparedness. Preparedness levels were low, and, not for all, learning and preparatory actions are needed to withstand the negative occurrences of natural hazards. As their role is to refer with direct interventions in affected areas managing communication initiatives with the entire population of the community, there is the need to create stakeholders' networks, empowering local actors that could serve as a bridge between authorities' decisions and local people in order to make effective risk management plans and secure more lives and economies.

KONSTRUKSI HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH DALAM FIQH ANGGARAN YANG BEBASIS AKUNTANSI SYARIAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Arwani
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Budget Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Economic Developments

The current global economic developments have implications for the welfare state. Limits and strength of the nation-state is fading, dispersed to the locality, independent organizations, civil society bodies supra-national (such as NAFTA or the European Union), and multinational corporations. Iin his book Mishra “Globalization and Welfare State” that globalization has limited the capacity of the nation-state in conducting social protection. One mode of latent corruption done is to inflate the budget or mark-up budget of raising the budget value than the actual value. Problems in this paper how the economic law of Islam respond to the phenomenon of corruption budget? How urgency and fiqh function of the budget in anticipation of corruption in Indonesia?. Through the budget, organization communicates management plans to all members of the organization, coordinating the activities of various parts of the organization, assigning responsibility to the manager, also obtained a commitment from the manager which is the basis for evaluating the performance of managers. Efforts should be made to anticipate and eradicate corruption in Indonesia, not merely intensified the inspection, investigation and arrest criminals only. Efforts to combat corruption and anticipation is not just by intensifying the campaign to strengthen a person's moral values. But building a budget fiqh ala Indonesia as a system for monitoring and controlling the budget both formal and community mechanisms, it should be held, despite the efforts of relatively still questionable results. It can happen because it will be many challenges and obstacles of the parties who are familiar with corruption. Solutions to uphold the integrity of the zone free / corruption of an institution by using sharia accounting principles in the management of the budget. Concrete forms of accounting shari'ah should be able to present a financial statement or budget management that is based on fairness, honesty, and truth as a form of implementation of the responsibility to fellow human beings and execution of commands (liabilities) of God.

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