The Barreme Basin and the Gevaudan diapir - an example of the interplay between compressional tectonics and salt diapirism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod Graham ◽  
Adam Csicsek
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Finite Geometry ◽  
Driving Mechanism ◽  
Salt Diapirism ◽  
Sedimentary Evolution ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Thrust Belts ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
History Of

<p><strong>The Barreme Basin and the Gevaudan diapir - an example of the interplay between compressional tectonics and salt diapirism </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Adam Csicsek and Rod Graham</strong></p><p>Imperial College London</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Our understanding of the role of salt diapirism in determining the finite geometry of fold and thrust belts has grown apace in the last few years, but the interplay between the two remains a significant problem for structural interpretation. The Gevaudan diapir in the fold and thrust belt of the sub-Alpine chain of Haute Provence is well known and has been documented by numerous eminent alpine structural geologists. Graciansky, Dardot, Mascle, Gidon and Lickorish and Ford have all described and illustrated the geometry and evolution of the structure, and Lickorish and Ford’s interpretation is figured as an example of  diapirism  in a compressional setting by Jackson and Hudec in their text on salt tectonics. We review these various interpretations and present another.</p><p>The differences between the various interpretations say much about the complex interplay of salt diapirism and thin-skinned thrusting and have profound implications for the way we interpret the tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the Barreme basin which lies adjacent to the diapir</p><p>The Barreme basin is a thrust-top fragment of the Provencal foreland basin and has been described in detail from both sedimentological (e.g. Evans and Elliott, 1999) and structural (e.g. Antoni and Meckel, 1997) points of view. Here we make the case that it is also a salt related minibasin - a secondary minibasin developed on a now welded allochthonous Middle Cretaceous salt canopy.  We believe that within the basin it is possible to interpret successive depocentres which may record progressive salt withdrawal. We argue that though thrust loading must be the fundamental driving mechanism responsible for salt movement late in the tectonic history of the region, thrusting has not done much more than modify existing salt related geometry.    </p>

scholarly journals Sandstone Petrology and Provenance in Fold Thrust Belt and Foreland Basin System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Critelli ◽  
Sara Criniti
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Continental Block ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Geodynamic Processes ◽  
Dual Plate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sandstone Composition ◽  
Main Producer

The sandstone composition of foreland basin has a wide range of provenance signatures, reflecting the interplay between flexed underplate region and abrupt growth of the accreted upper plate region. The combination of contrasting detrital signatures reflects these dual plate interactions; indeed, several cases figure out that the earliest history of older foreland basin infilling is marked by quartz-rich sandstones, with cratonal or continental-block provenance of the flexed underplate flanks. As upper plate margin grows over the underplate, the nascent fold-and-thrust belt starts to be the main producer of grain particles, reflecting the space/time dependent progressive unroofing of the subjacent orogenic source terranes. The latter geodynamic processes are mainly reflected in the nature of sandstone compositions that become more lithic fragment-rich and feldspar-rich as the fold-thrust belt involves the progressive deepest portions of upper plate crustal terranes. In this context sandstone signatures reflect quartzolithic to quartzofeldspathic compositions.

Paleogeographic position of the central Dodecanese Islands, southeastern Greece: The push-pull of Pelagonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Grasemann ◽  
D.A. Schneider ◽  
K. Soukis ◽  
V. Roche ◽  
B. Hubmann
Keyword(s):  
Normal Fault ◽  
White Mica ◽  
The North ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
Tectonic Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Grain ◽  
Back Arc ◽  
Bottom To Top

The paleogeographic position of the central Dodecanese Islands at the transition between the Aegean and Anatolian plates plays a considerable role in understanding the link between both geologically unique domains. In this study, we investigate the tectonic history of the central Dodecanese Islands and the general correlation with the Aegean and western Anatolian and focus on the poorly studied islands of Kalymnos and Telendos. Three different major tectonic units were mapped on both islands from bottom to top: (1) The Kefala Unit consists of late Paleozoic, fossil-rich limestones, which have been deformed into a SE-vergent fold-and-thrust belt sealed by an up to 200-m-thick wildflysch-type olistostrome with marble and ultramafic blocks on a scale of tens of meters. (2) The Marina Basement Unit consists of a Variscan amphibolite facies basement with garnet mica schists, quartzites, and amphibolites. (3) Verrucano-type formation violet shales and Mesozoic unmetamorphosed limestones form the Marina Cover Unit. Correlation of these units with other units in the Aegean suggests that Kalymnos is paleogeographically located at the southern margin of the Pelagonian domain, and therefore it was in a structurally upper tectonic position during the Paleogene Alpine orogeny. New white mica 40Ar/39Ar ages confirm the Carboniferous deformation of the Marina Basement Unit followed by a weak Triassic thermal event. Single-grain white mica 40Ar/39Ar ages from pressure solution cleavage of the newly defined Telendos Thrust suggest that the Marina Basement Unit was thrusted toward the north on top of the Kefala Unit in the Paleocene. Located at a tectonically upper position, the units exposed in the central Dodecanese escaped subduction and the syn-orogenic, high-pressure metamorphism. However, these units were affected by post-orogenic extension, and the contact between the Marina Basement Unit and the non-metamorphic Marina Cover Unit has been reactivated by the cataclastic top-to-SSW, low-angle Kalymnos Detachment. Zircon (U-Th)/He ages from the Kefala and Marina Basement Units are ca. 30 Ma, which indicates that exhumation and cooling below the Kalymnos Detachment started in the Oligocene. Conjugate brittle high-angle normal fault systems, which resulted in the formation of four major WNW-ESE−trending graben systems on Kalymnos, localized mainly in the Marina Cover Unit and probably rooted in the mechanically linked Kalymnos Detachment. Since Oligo-Miocene deformation in the northern Dodecanese records top-to-NNE extension and the Kalymnos Detachment accommodated top-to-SSW extension, we suggest that back-arc extension in the whole Aegean realm and transition to the Anatolian plate is bivergent.

scholarly journals Insights into the Thermal History of North-Eastern Switzerland—Apatite Fission Track Dating of Deep Drill Core Samples from the Swiss Jura Mountains and the Swiss Molasse Basin

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Diego Villagómez Díaz ◽  
Silvia Omodeo-Salé ◽  
Alexey Ulyanov ◽  
Andrea Moscariello
Keyword(s):  
Fission Track ◽  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Molasse Basin ◽  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Apatite Fission Track ◽  
Jura Mountains ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
North Alpine Foreland Basin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Swiss Jura

This work presents new apatite fission track LA–ICP–MS (Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) data from Mid–Late Paleozoic rocks, which form the substratum of the Swiss Jura mountains (the Tabular Jura and the Jura fold-and-thrust belt) and the northern margin of the Swiss Molasse Basin. Samples were collected from cores of deep boreholes drilled in North Switzerland in the 1980s, which reached the crystalline basement. Our thermochronological data show that the region experienced a multi-cycle history of heating and cooling that we ascribe to burial and exhumation, respectively. Sedimentation in the Swiss Jura Mountains occurred continuously from Early Triassic to Early Cretaceous, leading to the deposition of maximum 2 km of sediments. Subsequently, less than 1 km of Lower Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic sediments were slowly eroded during the Late Cretaceous, plausibly as a consequence of the northward migration of the forebulge of the neo-forming North Alpine Foreland Basin. Following this event, the whole region remained relatively stable throughout the Paleogene. Our data show that the Tabular Jura region resumed exhumation at low rates in early–middle Miocene times (≈20–15 Ma), whereas exhumation in the Jura fold-and-thrust belt probably re-started later, in the late Miocene (≈10–5 Ma). Erosional exhumation likely continues to the present day. Despite sampling limitations, our thermochronological data record discrete periods of slow cooling (rates of about 1°C/My), which might preclude models of elevated cooling (due to intense erosion) in the Jura Mountains during the Miocene. The denudation (≈1 km) of the Tabular Jura region and the Jura fold-and-thrust belt (≈500 m) has provided sediments to the Swiss Molasse Basin since at least 20 Ma. The southward migration of deformation in the Jura mountains suggests that the molasse basin started to uplift and exhume only after 5 Ma, as suggested also by previous authors. The data presented here show that the deformation of the whole region is occurring in an out-of-sequence trend, which is more likely associated with the reactivation of thrust faults beneath the foreland basin. This deformation trend suggests that tectonics is the most determinant factor controlling denudation and exhumation of the region, whereas the recently proposed “climate-induced exhumation” mechanism might play a secondary role.

scholarly journals Paleostress field reconstruction and revised tectonic history of the Donbas fold and thrust belt (Ukraine and Russia)

Tectonics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Saintot ◽  
Randell Stephenson ◽  
Arjan Brem ◽  
Sergiy Stovba ◽  
Vitaliy Privalov
Keyword(s):  
Thrust Belt ◽  
Field Reconstruction ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Fold And Thrust Belt ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals SHRIMP U–Pb zircon evidence for age, provenance, and tectonic history of early Paleozoic Ganderian rocks, east-central Maine, USA

2018 ◽  
pp. 335-387
Author(s):  
Allan Ludman ◽  
John Aleinikoff ◽  
Henry N. Berry IV ◽  
John T. Hopeck
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Late Cambrian ◽  
Quartz Arenite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Host Rocks

SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages from Ganderia in eastern Maine clarify the ages and provenance of basement units in the Miramichi and St. Croix terranes and of cover rocks in the Fredericton trough and Central Maine/Aroostook-Matapedia basin (CMAM). These new data constrain timing of orogenic events and help understand the origin of the cover rock depocenters.Detrital zircon data generally confirm suggested ages of the formations sampled. Zircon grains with ages of ca. 430 Ma in both depocenters, only slightly older than their host rocks, were probably derived from the earliest volcanic eruptions in the Eastport-Mascarene belt. Their presence indicates that unnamed CMAM sandstone units may be as young as Pridoli and their absence from the Appleton Ridge and Digdeguash formations suggests that these formations are older than initial Eastport-Mascarene volcanism. Detrital and volcanic zircon ages confirm a Late Cambrian to Middle Ordovician age for the Miramichi succession and date Miramichi volcanism at 469.3 ± 4.6 Ma. In the St. Croix terrane, zircon grain with an age of 477.4 ± 3.7 Ma from an ashfall at the base of the Kendall Mountain Formation and age spectra and fossils from overlying quartz arenite suggest that the formation may span Floian to Sandbian time. The main source of CMAM and Fredericton sediment was recycled Ganderian basement from terranes emergent after Late Ordovician orogenesis, supplemented by Silurian tephra. Zircon barcodes and lithofacies and tectonic models suggest little, if any, input from Laurentia or Avalonia.Zircon- and fossil-based ages indicate coeval Upper Ordovician deformation in the St. Croix (ca. 453 to 442 Ma) and Miramichi (ca. 453 to 446 Ma) terranes. Salinic folding in the southeastern Fredericton trough is bracketed between the 421.9 ± 2.4 Ma age of the Pocomoonshine gabbro-diorite and 430 Ma detrital zircons in the Flume Ridge Formation. Zircon ages, lithofacies analysis, and paleontological evidence support the origin of the Fredericton trough as a Salinic foredeep. The CMAM basin cannot have been an Acadian foreland basin, as sedimentation began millions of years before Acadian subduction.

scholarly journals Tectonic history of the Kyrgyz South Tien Shan (Atbashi-Inylchek) suture zone: The role of inherited structures during deformation-propagation

Tectonics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Glorie ◽  
J. De Grave ◽  
M. M. Buslov ◽  
F. I. Zhimulev ◽  
D. F. Stockli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suture Zone ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
History Of
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