Conceptual design of underground laboratory under dynamic load condition in deep copper mine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Fulawka ◽  
Marcin Szumny ◽  
Witold Pytel ◽  
Piotr Mertuszka
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Underground Laboratory ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Mining Institute ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Copper Mine ◽  
Total Displacement ◽  
The Moment

<p>Underground laboratories, due to their unique location, are facilities with high research and educational potential. Development of old mine chambers or setting up of new mining panels designed strictly for research and educational purpose may contribute to the development of new mining technologies. One of the initiatives aimed to enhance of the underground space usage in Europe is BSUIN project conducted in the framework of INTERREG Baltic Sea Region program. At the moment there is only one underground laboratory designed fully for research and development purposes i.e. Experimental Mine Barbara lead by Central Mining Institute of Poland. But still, there are several dozen active underground mines working in Poland. Unfortunately, the large scale of the mined-out area contributes to the generation of relatively high seismicity around mining regions. Due to safety reasons management of Polish underground mines in most cases do not allow to build such a facility like underground laboratories in close vicinity of active mining works.</p><p>Within this paper, the prototype of an underground laboratory affected by additional seismic load was prepared in condition of Polish underground copper mine. Changes in total displacement and stresses around newly created chambers with use of FEM-based numerical modelling were determined. In result possibility of setting up of underground facility under dynamic load condition was determined.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of Dynamic Load on Soil Moisture Field in the Process of Freeze-Thaw Cycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yongting Huang ◽  
Wei Ma ◽  
Donghui Xiao ◽  
Yuezhen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Moisture Migration ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Moisture Field

Due to climate warming and large-scale engineering activities, the embankment engineering risk in the permafrost and seasonally frozen regions caused by water content change in the soil has become more and more serious. To study the moisture migration law in the embankment under the vehicle load action and periodic variation of temperature, a series of temperature-controlled model tests under the dynamic load condition were carried out, the dynamic load was imposed by an air hammer connecting a vibration plate, which was installed on the top surface of the soil, and the variation law of the temperature and moisture fields in the model was analyzed. The test results show that the moisture field in the soil sample changes obviously with the increasing freeze-thaw cycles under the no-load condition, especially after nine freeze-thaw cycles, two moisture accumulation areas appear in the range of 8–15 cm from the soil surface; the dynamic load has an inhibitory effect on the moisture migration within 5 cm below the vibration plate and has a promoting effect on the range of 10–30 cm below the vibration plate. With the increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles, three high-water content areas are gradually formed and approximately uniformly distributed within the 10–25 cm depth range of the soil, which has an important impact on the stability of the soil. The water content of the moisture accumulation areas during freezing is greater than that during thawing under the no-load condition, while the water content of the moisture accumulation areas during freezing is less than that during thawing under dynamic load. The research results can provide references for the embankment design and disease treatment in cold regions.

Zeitstrukturen im Jazz

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Alexander Becker
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Classical Form ◽  
Jazz Music ◽  
The Moment

Wie erlebt der Hörer Jazz? Bei dieser Frage geht es unter anderem um die Art und Weise, wie Jazz die Zeit des Hörens gestaltet. Ein an klassischer Musik geschultes Ohr erwartet von musikalischer Zeitgestaltung, den zeitlichen Rahmen, der durch Anfang und Ende gesetzt ist, von innen heraus zu strukturieren und neu zu konstituieren. Doch das ist keine Erwartung, die dem Jazz gerecht wird. Im Jazz wird der Moment nicht im Hinblick auf ein Ziel gestaltet, das von einer übergeordneten Struktur bereitgestellt wird, sondern so, dass er den Bewegungsimpuls zum nächsten Moment weiterträgt. Wie wirkt sich dieses Prinzip der Zeitgestaltung auf die musikalische Form im Großen aus? Der Aufsatz untersucht diese Frage anhand von Beispielen, an denen sich der Weg der Transformation von einer klassischen zu einer dem Jazz angemessenen Form gut nachverfolgen lässt.<br><br>How do listeners experience Jazz? This is a question also about how Jazz music organizes the listening time. A classically educated listener expects a piece of music to structure, unify and thereby re-constitute the externally given time frame. Such an expectation is foreign to Jazz music which doesn’t relate the moment to a goal provided by a large scale structure. Rather, one moment is carried on to the next, preserving the stimulus potentially ad infinitum. How does such an organization of time affect the large scale form? The paper tries to answer this question by analyzing two examples which permit to trace the transformation of a classical form into a form germane to Jazz music.

scholarly journals Quantitative Risk Assessment for Deep Tunnel Failure Based on Normal Cloud Model: A Case Study at the ASHELE Copper Mine, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5208
Author(s):  
Jianpo Liu ◽  
Hongxu Shi ◽  
Ren Wang ◽  
Yingtao Si ◽  
Dengcheng Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cloud Model ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Deep Tunnel ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Copper Mine ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Metal Mines

The spatial and temporal distribution of tunnel failure is very complex due to geologic heterogeneity and variability in both mining processes and tunnel arrangement in deep metal mines. In this paper, the quantitative risk assessment for deep tunnel failure was performed using a normal cloud model at the Ashele copper mine, China. This was completed by considering the evaluation indexes of geological condition, mining process, and microseismic data. A weighted distribution of evaluation indexes was determined by implementation of an entropy weight method to reveal the primary parameters controlling tunnel failure. Additionally, the damage levels of the tunnel were quantitatively assigned by computing the degree of membership that different damage levels had, based on the expectation normalization method. The methods of maximum membership principle, comprehensive evaluation value, and fuzzy entropy were considered to determine the tunnel damage levels and risk of occurrence. The application of this method at the Ashele copper mine demonstrates that it meets the requirement of risk assessment for deep tunnel failure and can provide a basis for large-scale regional tunnel failure control in deep metal mines.

scholarly journals Decay of turbulence in a liquid metal duct flow with transverse magnetic field

2019 ◽  
Vol 867 ◽  
pp. 661-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Zikanov ◽  
Dmitry Krasnov ◽  
Thomas Boeck ◽  
Semion Sukoriansky
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Transverse Magnetic Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Transverse Magnetic ◽  
Duct Flow ◽  
Velocity Fluctuations ◽  
Turbulence Decay ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Typical Length

Decay of honeycomb-generated turbulence in a duct with a static transverse magnetic field is studied via direct numerical simulations. The simulations follow the revealing experimental study of Sukoriansky et al. (Exp. Fluids, vol. 4 (1), 1986, pp. 11–16), in particular the paradoxical observation of high-amplitude velocity fluctuations, which exist in the downstream portion of the flow when the strong transverse magnetic field is imposed in the entire duct including the honeycomb exit, but not in other configurations. It is shown that the fluctuations are caused by the large-scale quasi-two-dimensional structures forming in the flow at the initial stages of the decay and surviving the magnetic suppression. Statistical turbulence properties, such as the energy decay curves, two-point correlations and typical length scales are computed. The study demonstrates that turbulence decay in the presence of a magnetic field is a complex phenomenon critically depending on the state of the flow at the moment the field is introduced.

Finite Element Method-based geomechanical risk assessment of underground laboratory located in the deep copper mine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Fulawka ◽  
Witold Pytel ◽  
Piotr Mertuszka ◽  
Marcin Szumny
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Underground Laboratory ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Copper Mine ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Element Method

&lt;p&gt;Underground laboratories provide a unique environment for various industries and are a suitable place for developing new technologies for mining, geophysical surveys, radiation detection, as well as many other studies and measurements. Unfortunately, any operation in underground excavations is associated with exposure to many hazards not necessarily encountered in surface laboratories. One of the most dangerous events observed in underground conditions is the dynamic manifestation of rock mass pressure in form of rockburst, roof falls and mining tremors. Therefore, proper evaluation of geomechanical risk is a key element ensuring the safety of work in underground conditions. Finite Element Method-based numerical analysis is one of the tools which allow conducting a detailed geomechanical hazard assessment already at the object design stage. The results of such calculations may be the basis for the implementation of preventive measures before running up the underground facility.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Within this paper, the three-dimensional FEM-based numerical analysis of large-scale underground laboratory located in deep Polish copper mine was presented. The calculations were made with GTS NX software, which allowed determining the changes in the safety factor in surrounding of the analyzed area. Finally, the possibility of underground laboratory establishment, with respect to predicted stress and strain conditions, were determined.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Cultural Divergence in popular music: the increasing diversity of music consumption on Spotify across countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Bello ◽  
David Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Digital Music ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Music Consumption ◽  
Cultural Markets ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Music Distribution

AbstractThe digitization of music has changed how we consume, produce, and distribute music. In this paper, we explore the effects of digitization and streaming on the globalization of popular music. While some argue that digitization has led to more diverse cultural markets, others consider that the increasing accessibility to international music would result in a globalized market where a few artists garner all the attention. We tackle this debate by looking at how cross-country diversity in music charts has evolved over 4 years in 39 countries. We analyze two large-scale datasets from Spotify, the most popular streaming platform at the moment, and iTunes, one of the pioneers in digital music distribution. Our analysis reveals an upward trend in music consumption diversity that started in 2017 and spans across platforms. There are now significantly more songs, artists, and record labels populating the top charts than just a few years ago, making national charts more diverse from a global perspective. Furthermore, this process started at the peaks of countries’ charts, where diversity increased at a faster pace than at their bases. We characterize these changes as a process of Cultural Divergence, in which countries are increasingly distinct in terms of the music populating their music charts.

scholarly journals Optimum Shape and Position of Outrigger System for High Rise Building under Earthquake Loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 3268-3275
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Shear Walls ◽  
Optimum Shape ◽  
Earthquake Loading ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
Tall Structures ◽  
Earthquake Load

The advancement of high rise building has been increasing on a large scale. In tall structures shear wall often resisted the lateral load induced by wind and earthquake but as the building height increases the stiffness of the structure reduces. To provide sufficient lateral stiffness of the structure implementation of outrigger system between the shear walls and peripheral columns is often used. The aim of this study is to identify the optimum shape of outrigger belt truss in tall buildings under earthquake load condition. A thirty storey with single belt truss, forty five storeys with two belt trusses and sixty storey with three belt trusses structure was investigated with three different shape outrigger belt truss that is X, V and N. The optimum location by providing single belt truss at 10th story, 15th story and at top story in thirty story building is considered in the analysis. From the analysis a comparative study are made with and without variation of shape of outrigger with belt truss with parameters likes storey displacement and storey drift under earthquake loading and get a optimum position of outrigger belt truss for thirty storey building with single belt trusses placing at different locations.

World War I Conscription and Social Change in Guinea

1978 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Summers ◽  
R. W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
World War I ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Military Conscription ◽  
Social Grouping ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

When the French government introduced military conscription into the A.O.F. in 1912, the Guinean colonial authorities saw the measure as a means of training a local administrative corps to replace the traditional chieftaincy, through whose military defeat the conquest of Guinea had very largely been effected. However, the chiefs had by no means disappeared by 1914, and wartime demands for recruits were too massive to be supplied without their assistance. Their help was bought with promises to consolidate their authority in peacetime. Although able to marshal recruits, the chiefs seem to have been unable to prevent large-scale desertions before the moment of embarkation for France; village populations could also avoid conscription by overland migration out of the A.O.F. The colonial authorities therefore felt constrained to offer substantial inducements, mainly concerning improved social status vis-à-vis the chiefs, to the individual recruits. These contradictory policies were compounded by the recruitment drive of Blaise Diagne in 1918, which involved a further promise to recruits of improved status vis-à-vis the French authorities. The return of ancien combattants to Guinea was marked by outbreaks of strike action among workers in Conakry and along the railway line; by riots in demobilization camps; and by rejection of or agitation against chiefly power in the home cantons to which they dispersed. The anciens combattants did not form a coherent or organized political movement, but remained a conspicuous social grouping between the wars. Although they appear to have been strongly influenced by their experience of war and by contact with French socialists, their conflict with the chiefs seems to have counted for more with them than any confrontation with the French.

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