scholarly journals Cultural Divergence in popular music: the increasing diversity of music consumption on Spotify across countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Bello ◽  
David Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Digital Music ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Music Consumption ◽  
Cultural Markets ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Music Distribution

AbstractThe digitization of music has changed how we consume, produce, and distribute music. In this paper, we explore the effects of digitization and streaming on the globalization of popular music. While some argue that digitization has led to more diverse cultural markets, others consider that the increasing accessibility to international music would result in a globalized market where a few artists garner all the attention. We tackle this debate by looking at how cross-country diversity in music charts has evolved over 4 years in 39 countries. We analyze two large-scale datasets from Spotify, the most popular streaming platform at the moment, and iTunes, one of the pioneers in digital music distribution. Our analysis reveals an upward trend in music consumption diversity that started in 2017 and spans across platforms. There are now significantly more songs, artists, and record labels populating the top charts than just a few years ago, making national charts more diverse from a global perspective. Furthermore, this process started at the peaks of countries’ charts, where diversity increased at a faster pace than at their bases. We characterize these changes as a process of Cultural Divergence, in which countries are increasingly distinct in terms of the music populating their music charts.

scholarly journals Cultural Divergence in popular music: the increasing diversity of music consumption on Spotify across countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Bello ◽  
David Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Digital Music ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Music Consumption ◽  
Cultural Markets ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Music Distribution

The digitization of music has changed how we consume, produce, and distribute music. In this paper, we explore the effects of digitization and streaming on the globalization of popular music. While some argue that digitization has led to more diverse cultural markets, others consider that the increasing accessibility to international music would result in a globalized market where a few artists garner all the attention. We tackle this debate by looking at how cross-country diversity in music charts has evolved over 7 years in 51 countries. We analyze two large-scale datasets from Spotify, the most popular streaming platform at the moment, and Itunes, one of the pioneers in digital music distribution. Our analysis reveals an upward trend in music consumption diversity that started in 2017 and spans across platforms. There are now significantly more songs, artists, and record labels populating the top charts than just a few years ago, making national charts increasingly different from one another. Furthermore, this process started at the peaks of countries' charts, where diversity increased at a faster pace than at their bases.

Music Libraries

2011 ◽  
pp. 111-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Margounakis ◽  
Dionysios Politis
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Web Site ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Digital Music ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Internet Radio ◽  
Special Version ◽  
The World ◽  
Music Distribution

Nowadays, there is a great increase in music distribution over the Internet. This phenomenon is common in many countries and therefore involves many issues such as: ways of distribution, music format, organizing music and copyright issues. The revolution in music prototypes (especially the MP3 music format) urged many people to turn to the Internet for free and easy-to-find music. Music files can be downloaded easily from the Internet anywhere in the world and be burned into a CD or DVD or transferred to a friend via usb-sticks. Music is also widely available as streams in Internet trough various services such as MySpace, YouTube and Spotify. Internet also is full of questions what is legal and what is not, because exchange of files is hard to supervise and the laws between countries also differ. All the legal services are constructed around a digital music library, containing millions of songs. Vast music libraries are easily accessed through Internet from users and serve as the ultimate way to find and listen to the music they desire. In this chapter, some representative popular music libraries are presented. Moreover, the interaction between the user and a music repository or a music store (a web site that sells music over the Internet) is another subject presented in this chapter. In section 1, terms and definitions related to digital music libraries are explained. Section 2 presents some popular music libraries, while section 3 presents some popular Internet music stores. Finally, a special version of a digital music library in streaming format (Internet Radio) is presented in section 4.

Zeitstrukturen im Jazz

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Alexander Becker
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Structure ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Classical Form ◽  
Jazz Music ◽  
The Moment

Wie erlebt der Hörer Jazz? Bei dieser Frage geht es unter anderem um die Art und Weise, wie Jazz die Zeit des Hörens gestaltet. Ein an klassischer Musik geschultes Ohr erwartet von musikalischer Zeitgestaltung, den zeitlichen Rahmen, der durch Anfang und Ende gesetzt ist, von innen heraus zu strukturieren und neu zu konstituieren. Doch das ist keine Erwartung, die dem Jazz gerecht wird. Im Jazz wird der Moment nicht im Hinblick auf ein Ziel gestaltet, das von einer übergeordneten Struktur bereitgestellt wird, sondern so, dass er den Bewegungsimpuls zum nächsten Moment weiterträgt. Wie wirkt sich dieses Prinzip der Zeitgestaltung auf die musikalische Form im Großen aus? Der Aufsatz untersucht diese Frage anhand von Beispielen, an denen sich der Weg der Transformation von einer klassischen zu einer dem Jazz angemessenen Form gut nachverfolgen lässt.<br><br>How do listeners experience Jazz? This is a question also about how Jazz music organizes the listening time. A classically educated listener expects a piece of music to structure, unify and thereby re-constitute the externally given time frame. Such an expectation is foreign to Jazz music which doesn’t relate the moment to a goal provided by a large scale structure. Rather, one moment is carried on to the next, preserving the stimulus potentially ad infinitum. How does such an organization of time affect the large scale form? The paper tries to answer this question by analyzing two examples which permit to trace the transformation of a classical form into a form germane to Jazz music.

scholarly journals Decay of turbulence in a liquid metal duct flow with transverse magnetic field

2019 ◽  
Vol 867 ◽  
pp. 661-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Zikanov ◽  
Dmitry Krasnov ◽  
Thomas Boeck ◽  
Semion Sukoriansky
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Transverse Magnetic Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Transverse Magnetic ◽  
Duct Flow ◽  
Velocity Fluctuations ◽  
Turbulence Decay ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Typical Length

Decay of honeycomb-generated turbulence in a duct with a static transverse magnetic field is studied via direct numerical simulations. The simulations follow the revealing experimental study of Sukoriansky et al. (Exp. Fluids, vol. 4 (1), 1986, pp. 11–16), in particular the paradoxical observation of high-amplitude velocity fluctuations, which exist in the downstream portion of the flow when the strong transverse magnetic field is imposed in the entire duct including the honeycomb exit, but not in other configurations. It is shown that the fluctuations are caused by the large-scale quasi-two-dimensional structures forming in the flow at the initial stages of the decay and surviving the magnetic suppression. Statistical turbulence properties, such as the energy decay curves, two-point correlations and typical length scales are computed. The study demonstrates that turbulence decay in the presence of a magnetic field is a complex phenomenon critically depending on the state of the flow at the moment the field is introduced.

scholarly journals Opportunity management of the COVID-19 pandemic: testing the crisis from a global perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232199210
Author(s):  
Sabine Kuhlmann ◽  
Geert Bouckaert ◽  
Davide Galli ◽  
Renate Reiter ◽  
Steven Van Hecke
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Crisis Responses

This article provides a conceptual framework for the analysis of COVID-19 crisis governance in the first half of 2020 from a cross-country comparative perspective. It focuses on the issue of opportunity management, that is, how the crisis was used by relevant actors of distinctly different administrative cultures as a window of opportunity. We started from an overall interest in the factors that have influenced the national politics of crisis management to answer the question of whether and how political and administrative actors in various countries have used the crisis as an opportunity to facilitate, accelerate or prevent changes in institutional settings. The objective is to study the institutional settings and governance structures, (alleged) solutions and remedies, and constellations of actors and preferences that have influenced the mode of crisis and opportunity management. Finally, the article summarizes some major comparative findings drawn from the country studies of this Special Issue, focusing on similarities and differences in crisis responses and patterns of opportunity management. Points for practitioners With crises emerging in ever shorter sequences of time, governing turbulence and using crises for strategic institutional decisions has become an increasingly important issue for policymakers. Aiming at effective and proportionate responses, policymakers must take the institutional conditions, administrative traditions and relevant actor constellations of crisis management into account, which are key to learn from other countries’ experiences. Comparing these experiences and analyzing the politics of crisis governance from a cross-country perspective may help policymakers to identify strengths and weaknesses of their own national/regional approaches and to seize crisis-related windows of opportunity for institutional reforms at the national and international levels.

Plaidoyer for the unique tourism accounts (dilemas, difficulties and questions)

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Vladimir Stipetić
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
European System ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Given

Tourism is recognised as an important economic, social and cultural factor in modem societies. However, statisticians still face an enormous challenge when it comes to measuring the economic importance of tourism for given national economy. In his paper author examines the position of tourism in System of National Accounts (SNA-as presented in the version from 1993) and in European System of Accounts (acronym ESA, from 1995). He comes to the conclusion that is impossible to get the full answers on the importance of tourism for the given national economy within those frameworks. The main reason for such conclusion he has found in the fact that tourism is the multifacet activity, with difficult concept to define, let alone measure. He gets the proof for his conclusion comparing the different methodologies for defining who is the tourist, finding six different criterias in application at the moment. The results obtained are, of course, differing considerably, what makes them strictly incompatibles. The comparison of such data is for that reason difficult to make and the comparative results are of limited use. Author advocates a need to make on international level a Unified Tourism Economic Account (UTEA), covering the main activities of tourism sector. He regards the existing work by OECD and WTO as a good basis for further work. Only when majority countries would make UTEA, based on accepted methodology, could be the cross-country comparison made on scientific basis.

Music Everywhere: Setting a Digital Music Trap

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 617-630
Author(s):  
David Arditi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Digital Music ◽  
Recording Industry ◽  
Digital Capitalism ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Music Consumption

Before the digital era, music consumption was limited to purchasing LPs, tapes and CDs, or attending concerts. With digitization and mobile technologies in tow, the consumption of music exploded. Music is now literally everywhere—but none of it is actually free. Our consumption of it on television and cable, through games on our computers and our phones, through subscriptions or sites with built-in never-ending streams of advertising always has a price. Music is everywhere, but how did this happen? How has digital distribution and production changed the recording industry? What are the consequences of ubiquitous music? In this article, I argue that the digital music trap is an outgrowth of digital capitalism that commodifies our everyday existence.

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