Geochemical features of the geothermal and mineral waters from Apuseni Mountains, Romania

Geochemical features of the geothermal and mineral waters from Apuseni Mountains, RomaniaAlin-Marius Nicula1, Artur Ionescu1,2, Cristian-Ioan Pop1, Carmen Roba1, Walter D&#8217;Alessandro3, Ferenc Lazar Forray4, Iancu Oraseanu5, Calin Baciu1&#160;1Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Str. Fantanele nr. 30, 400294, Cluj-Napoca, Romania ([email protected])2University of Perugia, Department of Physics and Geology, Via A. Pascoli 06123, Perugia, Italy3Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Via Ugo la Malfa, 153,90146 Palermo, Italy4Department of Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania5Romanian Association of Hydrogeologists, Bucuresti, Romania&#160;The Apuseni Mountains are located in the western part of Romania and separate the Pannonian Basin from the Transylvanian Basin. These mountains are famous and intensely studied for their important non-ferrous metal resources. Few data were published about the geothermal potential of this area. More works have been dedicated to mineral waters, while the geothermal waters are only briefly described, without sufficient emphasis on them. The current research is focusing on the two categories, cold mineral and geothermal water in the Apuseni Mountains, compared to the surrounding areas, in order to better understand their genesis and the general context of the geothermalism in the study region. A preliminary survey of these waters was done in 2019 taking water and gas samples from 41 sources.The pH varies between 6.00 and 9.02 and, the lowest values have been measured in the CO2-rich waters of the Southern Apuseni Mountains. Water temperatures vary between 11.1 &#226;&#151;&#139;C and 81 &#226;&#151;&#139;C. In the southern part of the Apuseni Mountains, the geothermal waters are of the calcium bicarbonate type (Ca-HCO3), while in the north-western part, the sodium bicarbonate type (Na-HCO3) is more common. The water sources from the north-western part are close to the Pannonian Basin and show features comparable to the thermal waters of this basin. Conductivity values show significant variations between 142 and 2040 &#181;S/cm, but regional homogeneities were observed. The highest concentration of bicarbonate was measured in one of the localities of the northern study area (Beiu&#197;&#159; Depression - 3318.4 mg/L). The dissolved heavy metal concentrations (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe) in the water samples were also measured. For all the investigated waters, the heavy metal content was low. The highest concentrations were recorded for Fe 342.90 &#181;g/L and Zn 86.14 &#181;g/L. The isotopic data (&#948;18O and &#948;2H) demonstrate the meteoric origin of the thermal waters.Some springs and wells release free gases. The gas chromatographic analyses show the prevalence of N2 and CO2, with minor amounts of CH4 in the water sources close to the Pannonian Basin. The isotope composition of Helium shows values between 0.9 and 2.18 R/Ra indicating a prevailing crustal source with a significant mantle component. In the case of &#948;13C-CO2 the values range between -12.7 and -6.1 &#8240; vs.V-PDB, indicating that the CO2 originates possibly from a limestone source.

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Geochemical Features of the Thermal and Mineral Waters From the Apuseni Mountains (Romania)

Frontiers in Earth Science ◽

10.3389/feart.2021.648179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Alin-Marius Nicula ◽

Artur Ionescu ◽

Ioan-Cristian Pop ◽

Carmen Roba ◽

Ferenc L. Forray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pannonian Basin ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Thermal Flux ◽

Mineral Waters ◽

Aquifer Recharge ◽

Apuseni Mountains ◽

The North ◽

Western Side ◽

North Western ◽

Hydrochemical Type

The Apuseni Mountains are located between the large geothermal area of the Pannonian Basin and the low thermal flux Transylvanian Basin. Thermal and mineral waters have been sampled from 42 points along a NW-SE transect. The general chemistry and the water isotope (deuterium and oxygen-18) composition were analyzed. Most of the thermal aquifers are located in carbonate reservoirs. The waters mainly belong to the Ca-HCO3 hydrochemical type, excepting the western side, towards the Pannonian Basin, where the Na-HCO3 type may occur. The isotope composition indicates aquifer recharge from precipitation. The geochemical characteristics and the structural position of the study area suggest two distinct geothermal contexts. The Southern Apuseni area geothermal features are likely connected to the Neogene—Early Quaternary magmatic activity from the Mureş Valley and Zarand Depression. The geothermal manifestations in the north-western part of the study area, at the border between the Northern Apuseni and the Pannonian Depression, share features of the latter one.

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Acid-sulphate hydrothermal alteration of andesitic tuffs and genesis of halloysite and alunite deposits in the Biga Peninsula, Turkey

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/claymin.2008.043.2.10 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 281-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Ö. I. Ece ◽

P. A. Schroeder ◽

M. J. Smilley ◽

J. M. Wampler

Keyword(s):

Hydrothermal Alteration ◽

Volcanic Rocks ◽

Geothermal Field ◽

Parent Material ◽

Thermal Waters ◽

Geothermal Waters ◽

Biga Peninsula ◽

The North ◽

Clay Deposits ◽

Nw Turkey

AbstractThe Biga Peninsula of NW Turkey is host to six major halloysite deposits in the Go¨nen, Yenice and Balya districts. Mineralization took place in areas of Permian limestone blocks where the Triassic Karakaya Complex is in contact with early Miocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks. Hypogene halloysite mineralization was controlled by the intersection of minor faults in the vicinity of clay deposits. During the Pleistocene, activity of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) brought ascending geothermal solutions through the fault zones to the surface, which led to hydrothermal alteration and halloysite formation. N-MORB normalized element values for each halloysite deposit and the volcanic rocks suggest genetic links. Alunite and halloysite were formed in the Turplu area where upwelling hydrothermal waters contained major H2S and SO2acids. Only halloysite mineralization occurred in outflow areas of the same fossil geothermal field.Pyrite and alunite samples from the Turplu deposits have δ34S values of 0.6–1.8% and 4.8–7.9%, respectively, with values for gypsum of 3.1–3.5%. The δ34S values of pyrite suggest that local meteoric waters had partially mixed with the dominant fluid during the closure stage of fossil hydrothermal activities. The range of δD values of halloysite samples from Turplu is –58.4 to –68.6%. The δ18O values for halloysite are in the range 16.7–18.1%. All halloysite deposits in the study areas are either overlying or adjacent to limestone blocks, and these provide excellent drainage for the discharging geothermal waters. Subsurface drainage systems in the karstic environment and the SO2-bearing thermal waters indicate the importance of acidic waters and the continuous leaching of elements in forming relatively pure hydrated halloysite. A steam-heated dissolution-precipitation model is proposed for the occurrence of all halloysite and alunite deposits. Sulphur gases (H2S-SO2) of hypogene origin rose from deep in the fault zone to the surface where they encountered oxygenated groundwater at the water table. The occurrence of H2SO4in this hydrothermal system enhanced the acidity of geothermal waters provoking advanced argillic alteration. Hypogene alunite deposits also have large P2O5contents, suggesting a parent material with a magmatic origin deeper than the alkaline tuffs. Halloysite is a fast-forming metastable precursor to kaolinite.

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Assessment of Chaves Low-Temperature CO2-Rich Geothermal System (N-Portugal) Using an Interdisciplinary Geosciences Approach

Geofluids ◽

10.1155/2019/1379093 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. M. Marques ◽

P. M. Carreira ◽

L. A. Aires-Barros ◽

F. A. Monteiro Santos ◽

M. Antunes da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Geophysical Methods ◽

Interdisciplinary Approach ◽

Mineral Waters ◽

Added Value ◽

Granitic Rocks ◽

Geothermal System ◽

Geothermal Waters ◽

Study Region ◽

Rock Formations

This paper reviews the results of a multi- and interdisciplinary approach, including geological, geomorphological, tectonic, geochemical, isotopic, and geophysical studies, on the assessment of a Chaves low-temperature (77°C) CO2-rich geothermal system, occurring in the northern part of the Portuguese mainland. This low-temperature geothermal system is ascribed to an important NNE-trending fault, and the geomorphology is dominated by the “Chaves Depression,” a graben whose axis is oriented NNE-SSW. The study region is situated in the tectonic unit of the Middle Galicia/Trás-os-Montes subzone of the Central Iberian Zone of the Hesperic Massif comprising mainly Variscan granites and Paleozoic metasediments. Chaves low-temperature CO2-rich geothermal waters belong to the Na-HCO3-CO2-rich-type waters, with pH≈7. Total dissolved solids range between 1600 and 1850 mg/L. Free CO2 is of about 500 mg/L. The results of SiO2 and K2/Mg geothermometers give estimations of reservoir temperature around 120°C. δ18O and δ2H values of Chaves low-temperature CO2-rich geothermal waters indicate a meteoric origin for these waters. No significant 18O-shift was observed, consistent with the results from the chemical geothermometry. δ13CCO2 values vary between −7.2 and −5.1‰ vs. V-PDB, and CO2/3He ratios range from 1×108 to 1×109, indicating a deep (upper mantle) source for the CO2. 3He/4He ratios are of about 0.9 (R/Ra). The Chaves low-temperature CO2-rich geothermal waters present similar 87Sr/86Sr ratios (between 0.728035 and 0.716713) to those of the plagioclases from granitic rocks (between 0.72087 and 0.71261) suggesting that water mineralization is strongly ascribed to Na-plagioclase hydrolysis. Geophysical methods (e.g., resistivity and AMT soundings) detected conductive zones concentrated in the central part of the Chaves graben as a result of temperature combined with the salinity of the Chaves low-temperature CO2-rich geothermal waters in fractured and permeable rock formations. This paper demonstrates the added value of an integrated and multi- and interdisciplinary approach for a given geothermal site characterization, which could be useful for other case studies linking the assessment of low-temperature CO2-rich geothermal waters and cold CO2-rich mineral waters emerging in a same region.

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Physico-chemical characteristics and Heavy metal levels in Drinking Water sources in Sokoto metropolis in North-western Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v14i3.61473 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

Author(s):

MIO Raji ◽

YKE Ibrahim ◽

JO Ehinmidu

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Sources ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Drinking Water Sources ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Metal Levels ◽

North Western

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MONITORING OF DOG DIROFILARIASIS THE NORTH-WESTERN CAUCASUS

10.31016/978-5-9902341-5-4.2020.21.147-150 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 147-150

Author(s):

Victor Kravchenko ◽

Galina Kravchenko

Keyword(s):

Blood Test ◽

Dirofilaria Immitis ◽

Test System ◽

Western Caucasus ◽

Service Dogs ◽

Study Region ◽

The North ◽

Hunting Dogs ◽

North Western ◽

Parasitological Study

In the course of a study conducted in 2015–2019, it was found that there is a permanent center of dirofilariasis in the North-Western Caucasus, which is actively supported by domestic dogs and cats, as well as wild predatory mammals. Dogs in the region have two types of dirofilaria cardionematoda Dirofilaria immitis and subcutaneous Dirofilaria repens. The highest extensity of invasion (EI) Dirofilaria immitis autopsy from 71.4 to 87.5% have dogs in overflow land, foothill and mountain zones of the region and the smallest from 33.3 to 40.0% in the lowlands. According to the results of a parasitological study of blood, the highest and lowest EI of Dirofilaria immitis was also found in these zones and amounted to 28.7 to 30.6% and 17.7 to 18.8%, respectively. The average EI of dirofilaria Dirofilaria immitis depends on the area of the study region, on the breed and the method of detention and use of dogs. According to the results of the autopsy, the average EI for the study period was 58.8%, according to the results of the Knott blood test – 26.0%, and the test system – 28.8%. The largest number of dogs infected with dirofilariasis were between the ages of 4 and 9 years. The most infected are short-haired breeds, yard dogs, guard dogs, hunting dogs, and service dogs. Sexual dependence is not established.

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Water as Country on the Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands South Australia

Worldviews Global Religions Culture and Ecology ◽

10.1163/156853506777965839 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 239-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Diana Young

Keyword(s):

South Australia ◽

Water Sources ◽

Spatial Relationships ◽

Life And Death ◽

The North ◽

North Western

AbstractAnangu, Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara people living in the north-western areas of South Australia conceptualize changes in the surface of land as evincing the presence of ancestral power. Rain is one such catalyst of change, though it is by no means a certainty on the Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. When it does appear, water does not stay long on the surface: it is shimmering and unstable. This paper examines the nature of various water sources in contemporary indigenous life, the spatial relationships between earth and sky and the dialectic between life and death that they mediate.

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The first observation of the Levant sparrowhawk Accipiter brevipes (Severtzov, 1850) in Slovakia

Slovak Raptor Journal ◽

10.2478/v10262-012-0065-8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

Štefan Danko ◽

Ervín Hrtan

Keyword(s):

Pannonian Basin ◽

Breeding Period ◽

Isolated Population ◽

Breeding Range ◽

Far North ◽

The North ◽

Bird Fauna ◽

North Western ◽

Western Romania ◽

Recorded Occurrence

Abstract On May 1 5, 201 2 an individual of Levant sparrowhawk Accipiter brevipes was observed at the southern edge of Trebišov town in eastern Slovakia, situated in the Východoslovenská rovina Lowlands. The sighting was documented with photographs. This is the first recorded occurrence of this species in terms of the bird fauna of Slovakia. The present article describes in detail its distribution and breeding in eastern Hungary and western Romania, based on an isolated population in the Pannonian Basin at the north-western edge of its breeding range. The occurrence of the Levant sparrowhawk beyond the boundaries of its breeding range and outside the Pannonian Basin consists mostly of rare movements by young individuals (northern Moravia, central and northern Poland) far north of its breeding range. An adult male was observed in south-eastern Poland in the pre-breeding period, and in Slovakia an adult female was observed in the breeding period.

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A multidisciplinary approach for the study of the effects of active tectonics along the North Anatolian fault zone: possibilities for the application of the electrical self potential method

Annals of Geophysics ◽

10.4401/ag-4172 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 37 (5 Sup.) ◽

Author(s):

W. Balderer

Keyword(s):

Fault Zone ◽

Active Tectonics ◽

Potential Method ◽

North Anatolian Fault ◽

Mineral Waters ◽

Seismic Survey ◽

Thermal Waters ◽

North Anatolian Fault Zone ◽

The North ◽

Self Potential

The aims of this joint interdisciplinary project Marmara of ETH Zurich and the Istanbul Technical University (ITO) are to study the effects of active tectonics as evidenced by geology, geodesy and seismology on hydrogeology and geothermics in selected areas along the North Anatolian fault zone. Within the framework of this project thermal water systems in seven different areas have been investigated or are under investigation up to now (SchindIer et al., 1993). For three study areas along the North Anatolian fault zone (from east to west) of Kuzuluk/Adapazari, Bursa and of Canakkale the investigations with respect to the geological and hydrogeological features are complete. The now possible hydrogeological characterisation shows encouraging possibilities for the application of new methods like the electrical self potential method for the following reasons: 1) a fully interdisciplinary approach, including seismic survey with especially conceived network, geodetic survey to investigate tectonic movements by the GPS method, geothermic survey combined with geological mapping and hydrogeological investigations of normal mineral and thermal waters; 2) groundwaters of very different chemical and isotopical composition e.g.: Ca-HCO3-type thermal waters of up to 82 °C temperature and total mineralisation of 500 mg/I to 1500 mg/I in the Bursa area, Na-HCO3-type cold mineral waters of up to 2500 mg/I to thermal waters of same mineralisation of up to 80 °C temperature, containing large amounts of CO2 of up to 1 l per 1 kg of water (at surface conditions) in the Kuzuluk area and Na-Cl-type waters presenting real thermal brines of up to 65 000 mg/I of total mineralisation and temperatures of up to 100 °C in the Canakkale area; 3) distinct types of hydrodynamic flow regime in areas of different geological and tectonic structure. Based on the results of the investigations within these areas the possibilities of further studies including self potential methods are discussed.

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