Strengthening climate-resilience in the Mekong Delta – an application of the Economics of Climate Adaption (ECA) methodology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Rana ◽  
David N. Bresch ◽  
Annette Detken ◽  
Maxime Souvignet
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Climate Risks

<p>Climate Change has presented an ongoing and eminent threat to various regions, communities and infrastructure worldwide and in-turn increasingly pressuring national and local governments to take action. In the current study we identify and evaluate climate impacts faced by the city of Can Tho in Vietnam and the broader Mekong Delta and appraise preparedness options to manage today’s as well as future climate risk. We first, identify the climate risks in co-operation with various local, national and international stakeholders in the region. This is done on the current and future time scales under Socio-Economic Pathways (SSPs) as suggested in the current iteration of IPCC evaluation process. Based on these development pathways, we apply the Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA) methodology to quantify the climate risks various sectors of the economy will be facing until 2050 with a focus on flood. Further we assess a range of possible adaption measures - including behavioral, environmental, physical as well as financial measures that can mitigate the identified risks by providing a cost-benefit analysis for each of the adaptation measures as well as for bundles thereof. The ECA methodology has proven to be an established tool to enhance our knowledge on the topic and its application in this specific context will enable stakeholders to strengthen societal resilience in the context of both socio-economic development and climate change.</p>

scholarly journals Strengthening climate-resilient development and transformation in Viet Nam

2022 ◽  
Vol 170 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Rana ◽  
Qinhan Zhu ◽  
Annette Detken ◽  
Karina Whalley ◽  
Christelle Castet
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Risk Transfer

AbstractClimate change is presenting an ongoing and eminent threat to various regions, communities and infrastructure worldwide. In this study, the current and future climate impacts faced by Viet Nam due to Tropical Cyclones (TCs), specifically wind and surge, are evaluated, and different adaptation measures to manage this risk are appraised. The level of wind and storm surge risk was assessed focusing on three categories of assets: residential houses, agriculture, and people. The expected damage to these assets was then evaluated based on their exposure to the hazard under current and future climate scenarios. Physical adaptation measures such as mangroves, sea dykes, and gabions, and financial adaptation measures such as risk transfer via insurance were applied to the expected future risk and evaluated based on a socio-economic cost–benefit analysis. The output will give decision-makers the ability to make more informed decisions, prioritize the most cost-effective adaptation measures and increase physical and financial resilience. The results indicated significant TC exposure in future climate scenarios due to economic development and climate change that almost doubles the current expected damage. Surge-related damage was found to be many times higher than wind damage, and houses had more exposure (value in total) than agriculture on a national scale. The physical adaptation measures are successful in significantly reducing the future wind and especially surge risk and would form a resilient strategy along with risk transfer for managing TC risks in the region.

scholarly journals Strengthening Climate-Resilient Development and Transformation in Viet Nam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Rana ◽  
Zhu Qinhan ◽  
Annette Detken ◽  
Karina Whalley ◽  
Christelle Castet
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Risk Transfer

Abstract Climate change is presenting an ongoing and eminent threat to various regions, communities and infrastructure worldwide. In this study, the current and future climate impacts faced by Viet Nam due to Tropical Cyclones (TCs), specifically wind and surge, are evaluated, and different adaptation measures to manage this risk are appraised. The level of wind and storm surge risk was assessed focusing on three categories of assets: residential houses, agriculture, and people. The expected damage to these assets was then evaluated based on their exposure to the hazard under current and future climate scenarios. Physical adaptation measures such as mangroves, sea dykes, and gabions, and financial adaptation measures such as risk transfer via insurance were applied to the expected future risk and evaluated based on a socio-economic cost-benefit analysis. The output will give decision-makers the ability to make more informed decisions, prioritize the most cost-effective adaptation measures and increase physical and financial resilience. The results indicated significant TC exposure in future climate scenarios due to economic development and climate change that almost doubles the current expected damage. Surge-related damage was found to be many times higher than wind damage and houses had more exposure (value in total) than agriculture on a national scale. The physical adaptation measures are successful in significantly reducing the future wind and especially surge risk and would form a resilient strategy along with risk transfer for managing TC risks in the region.

Economic cost benefit analysis of climate change adaptation for infrastructure

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Michael Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Lessons Learnt

This paper explores the lessons learnt from the Optimising Adaptation Investment projects for the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency–it includes coastal settlements, water supply and rail infrastructure case studies. These projects are the first of their kind in Australia and are considered internationally as a leading example of economic cost benefit analysis. They have been used effectively to inform decision making on specific adaptation responses to climate change risks to existing and new infrastructure. The lessons learnt will be explored for offshore platforms, ports, rail, road, drainage, tailings dams, mine facilities, water, and power supply, which includes the following elements: What decision makers require to make informed decisions under the uncertainty of climate change impacts. Reducing the uncertainty through economic modelling and cost benefit analysis. Optimising the right timing and scale of various adaptation options. Benefiting from oil and gas infrastructure adaptation opportunities. To further support the elements above, the applied process for integrating climate adaptation into infrastructure planning, design and operation will be illustrated by AECOM project experiences. AECOM has completed more than 60 significant climate change risk and adaptation projects for mines, ports, water supply and treatment, energy generation, transmission and distribution, rail, road, and coastal settlements in Australia, including the report: Climate Change Impacts to Infrastructure in Australia for the Garnaut Climate Change Review.

Farmers’ perception, adaptation to groundwater salinity, and climate change vulnerability: insights from North India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susmita Mitra ◽  
Pradeep K. Mehta ◽  
Sudipta Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Groundwater Salinity ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Successful Adaptation ◽  
Perceived Impacts ◽  
Negative Impacts

AbstractGroundwater salinity, caused by over-extraction and aggravated by climate change, negatively affects crop productivity and threatens global food security. Poor farmers are vulnerable due to low adaptive capacity. A better understanding of their perceptions and adaptation is important to inform policies for successful adaptation. This paper represents an important study by exploring the same in Mewat, a salinity-affected socioeconomically backward district of northern India. The study uses a mixed-method approach with both secondary data and a primary survey of 250 farmers. A large number of farmers perceived negative impacts on water, crop, income, and assets; and adapt in various ways like water management, crop, and land management, livelihood diversification, and shift towards surface water irrigation. Perceived impacts differed between richer and poorer farmers, whereas adaptation measures varied across the educational, social, and economic backgrounds of farmers. Lack of awareness, education, skill development, and livelihood-opportunities are found to be hindrances, whereas institutional and infrastructural support as facilitators of adaptation. Comparing the findings with global experiences we argued that developed countries intervene more in the policy level and infrastructure, whereas in developing countries, adaptation strategies are local, context-specific, and low-cost. The insights from our study will be useful for intervention in Mewat and similar areas across the developing world. We further argue that farmers take adaptation decisions based on perceived impacts and cost-benefit analysis. Therefore, future research work on quantifying the negative impacts and cost-benefit analysis of various adaptation measures will be useful to ensure successful adaptation in the region and beyond.

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN CITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950014
Author(s):  
AMBIKA MARKANDAY ◽  
IBON GALARRAGA ◽  
ANIL MARKANDYA
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Policy Goals

This study systematically reviews the scientific literature ([Formula: see text]) on cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of adaptation measures in cities and similar urban environments. The review is conducted to assess existing or proposed actions for dealing with impacts of drought, heat waves, sea-level rise, and pluvial and fluvial flooding. It includes over 30 measures related to structural, services, technological, informational and ecosystem-based approaches. The main findings demonstrate that CBA of adaptation measures across urban environments must contend with numerous long-term socioeconomic and climate change uncertainties. Subsequently, this has led to inconsistencies in valuation frameworks related to, for example, planning horizons, discount rates, non-market considerations and future scenarios. Results also indicate a clear gap in the literature on the economic valuation of adaptation measures in the Global South. Furthermore, few studies integrate equity dimensions while planning for adaptation. Extensions of CBA to account for key uncertainties will help policy makers to allocate (often scarce) resources more efficiently and limit the likelihood of maladaptation. Further inclusion of the magnitude and distributional effects of non-market impacts and greater civil society engagement in policy dialogues will also be vital for promoting just and equitable measures that balance adaptation alongside other policy goals such as mitigation, economic development, health and well-being.

scholarly journals Cassava Farmers’ Perception on Climate Change: A Case Study in Van Yen District, Yen Bai Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 700-711
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hai Nui ◽  
Vu Thanh Bien ◽  
Nguyen Duc Trung ◽  
Trieu Hong Lua ◽  
Nguyen Tuan Cuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Climate Risks

Situated in the Northern Mountain Region, one of the most climate-vulnerable regions of Vietnam, Yen Bai province is exposed to many climate risks. This study investigated how well Yen Bai farmers were aware of the impacts of the changing climate on production and their livelihoods and how they referred support programs from the central and local governments to make decisions on adaptation and resilience strategies. Data were collected through direct interviews of 488 cassava households in six communes of Van Yen district. Descriptive statistics, One-way ANOVA, and Chi-square test were used to statistically analyze the data. In addition, we employed the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to study the relationships of three identified independent variables: (i) understanding of support programs/policies; (ii) access to weather information; and (iii) experience of climate risks and impacts, and farmers’ perceptions of climate impacts. Results from the PLS-SEM model showed that farmers with higher positive scores in the three independent variables above had better perceptions of climate change and its possible impacts, from which better adaptation decisions and strategies could be derived. These research findings emphasized the need for improving the understanding of climate change that could impact farmers’ livelihoods, farmers’ access to accurate near-time and medium-term weather forecasts, and thoroughly using local knowledge on climate risks and effective native adaptation measures for better adaptation and mitigation strategies and actions in rural climate-vulnerable communities in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Climate Change: A Paradigm Shift for Investments?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Sudeep Rathee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Climate Economics ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Private Investors

Continuing with work of Rathee and Kapil (2013) on assessing the paradigm shift for investments due to climate change, this paper presents a review of the climate economics to add to the precious work on climate science. In its various sections the paper presents the economic treatment of climate problem as a market-failure from the perspectives of externalities and cost benefit analysis and reveals the dimensions of marginal abatement costs, and inter-generational equity. An assessment of likely total economic costs incurred due to climate change is presented to understand the scale of asset-value loss and economic risks faced by investors. We thereupon also investigate the various economic instruments that have been proposed by economists and implemented in policy for adaptation to and mitigation of climate change activity. In the penultimate section, a discussion is presented on challenges and opportunities for private investors in light of the climate economics revealed earlier in the paper. This research will add further to the work presented earlier in the series and adds another perspective of interdisciplinary dimension to the benefit of climate and economic researchers. For further action, the future researcher can build on this collective work to investigate for evidence on investable financial instruments that provide opportunities to allocate capital in the climate adaptation and mitigation related sectors.

scholarly journals Drivers and Benefits of Integrating Climate Adaptation Measures into Urban Development: Experience from Coastal Cities of Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Nurrohman Wijaya ◽  
Vilas Nitivattananon ◽  
Rajendra Prasad Shrestha ◽  
Sohee Minsun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Coastal Cities

Integrating climate adaptation measures into urban development has emerged as a holistic approach to minimize climate change impacts and to enhance urban resilience. Although there has been an initial implementation of the integrated strategy at the national level, the progress of its adoption at the local level is relatively less studied. The study aims to examine the integration development of climate adaptation measures into urban development strategies by looking at its drivers and benefits in two coastal cities of Indonesia, i.e., Semarang and Bandar Lampung. Both cities have experienced climate change impacts and the preliminary effort of the integration process. The study was depended on close-ended Likert-scale questions with key actors representing local authorities and relevant stakeholders. Then, a Weighted Average Index was applied to transform their perceptions. The assessment of their knowledge of related issues was conducted. Secondary data was obtained from a desk study. The study found out that the effort of the integration process had influenced stakeholder’s understanding of the issue of climate change and urban development, as well as its relationship. The level of stakeholder’s knowledge related to the issue was very high. The result also revealed that the most influencing driver of the integration process is related to the motivation and initiative of municipal officers. It significantly contributed local governments to adopt its integration strategy. There was a strong consensus regarding the benefits of the integration process. They believed that it could ensure sustainable urban development in the future. This empirical study distinguishes the significance of integration development based on the local perspective for the approach improvement. The results could be applied to encourage other local municipalities in other emerging coastal cities.

scholarly journals Economic assessment of climate adaptation options for urban drainage design in Odense, Denmark

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1812-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Zhou ◽  
K. Halsnæs ◽  
K. Arnbjerg-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Drainage Design ◽  
Adaptation Options

Climate change is likely to influence the water cycle by changing the precipitation patterns, in some cases leading to increased occurrences of precipitation extremes. Urban landscapes are vulnerable to such changes due to the concentrated population and socio-economic values in cities. Feasible adaptation requires better flood risk quantification and assessment of appropriate adaptation actions in term of costs and benefits. This paper presents an economic assessment of three prevailing climate adaptation options for urban drainage design in a Danish case study, Odense. A risk-based evaluation framework is used to give detailed insights of the physical and economic feasibilities of each option. Estimation of marginal benefits of adaptation options are carried out through a step-by-step cost-benefit analysis. The results are aimed at providing important information for decision making on how best to adapt to urban pluvial flooding due to climate impacts in cities.

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