AQUACOSM-plus: an International Network for Aquatic Mesocosm Facilities Supporting Experimental Ecosystem Studies and cross-disciplinary RI- RI collaborations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens C Nejstgaard ◽  
Stella A Berger ◽  
Katharina Makower ◽  
Robert Ptacnik ◽  
Herwig Stibor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Research Facilities ◽  
Term Data ◽  
The Eu

<p>To understand underlying mechanisms of aquatic ecosystem functioning in relating to the global Grand Challenges (climate change, biodiversity loss, eutrophication, emerging pollutants, etc.), it is necessary to consider processes in adjacent systems, such as atmosphere and adjacent aquatic and terrestrial systems. For freshwater and coastal systems, the aquatic-terrestrial coupling on the watershed level is specifically important. We argue that for a better understanding of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems a combination of long-term data from connected environments, coupled with experimental ecosystem-scale experiments, have a greater potential for successful model testing and development of predictive concepts, than using only long-term data (without experiments) from separate systems. This talk will present the EU-funded RI-project<strong> AQUACOSM-plus</strong> (<strong>www.aquacosm.eu</strong>, 2020-2024) that offers access to >60 research facilities across the EU and is linked to world-wide cooperation through the <strong>MESOCOSM.EU</strong> portal, a virtual network of >100 research facilities. These networks<strong> </strong>comprise mesocosm facilities in all aquatic systems, including rivers, ponds, lakes, estuaries and marine systems – offering unique opportunities to conduct ecosystem-scale experimental studies of relevance to aquatic-terrestrial coupling. These facilities allow for process studies to test models based on trend or response observations from long-term-data, in order to better understand underlying mechanisms of ecosystem responses to the present global Grand Challenges. The AQUACOSM-plus mesocosm facilities, are also open for conducting ecosystem solution-based experiments to enable effective management in aquatic ecosystems. The AQUACOSM network will open calls to fund access to >13.000 days for a wide range of external users. We will also present examples of developing RI-RI collaborations and development of technological solutions and instrumentation to enhance the mobility of mesocosms and increase opportunities for relevant scenario-testing by the scientific community at large.</p>

AQUACOSM-plus: an International Network for Experimental Mesocosm Studies Supporting Experimental Studies of Aquatic-Terrestrial Coupling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens C Nejstgaard ◽  
Stella Berger ◽  
Katharina Makower ◽  
Iordanis Magiopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Facilities ◽  
Term Data

<p>Although processes in aquatic systems are closely connected to the terrestrial environment, these environments are often studied separately. We argue that for a better understanding of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems a combination of long-term data from connected environments, coupled with experimental ecosystem-scale experiments, have a greater potential for successful model testing and development of predictive concepts, than using only long-term data (without experiments) from separate systems. This talk will present the new EU-funded RI-project<strong> AQUACOSM-plus</strong> (www.aquacosm.eu, 2020-2024) that offers access to >50 research facilities across the EU and is linked to world-wide cooperation through the <strong>MESOCOSM.EU</strong> portal, a virtual network of >100 research facilities. Both networks include mesocosm facilities in all aquatic systems, including rivers, ponds, lakes, estuaries and marine systems – offering unique opportunities to conduct ecosystem-scale experimental studies of relevance to aquatic-terrestrial coupling. This network of research facilities can be used for large-scale process-based studies to test models based on trend or response observations from long-term-data, in order to understand underlying mechanisms of ecosystem functioning relating to the present global Grand Challenges (climate change, biodiversity loss, eutrophication, emerging pollutants, etc.). Interested parties are also welcome to suggest other uses of these research facilities, such as conducting ecosystem solution-based experiments to enable effective management in aquatic ecosystems. The network will fund access to >10.000 days for a wide range of external users, including scientists, students, industry and developers, from the whole world.</p>

Main approaches to treatment of hypoxia in acute respiratory distress syndrome, bacterial and viral pneumonia (part III)

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
A. V. Vlasenko ◽  
E. A. Evdokimov ◽  
E. P. Rodionov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
High Degree

The paper summarizes data on modern approaches to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of severe acute parenchymal respiratory failure of various origins, including ARDS due to bacterial viral pneumonia. The work is based on the data of modern well-organized studies, analysis of international clinical guidelines with a high degree of evidence, as well as the results of our own long-term experimental studies and clinical observations of the treatment of patients with ARDS of various origins, including viral pneumonia of 2009, 2016, 2020. Scientifically grounded algorithms for prevention, differential diagnosis and personalized therapy of severe acute respiratory failure using innovative medical technologies and a wide range of respiratory and adjuvant treatment methods have been formulated. The authors tried to adapt as much as possible the existing current recommendations for the daily clinical practice of anesthesiologists and resuscitators.

scholarly journals Closing up onto our sun: solar imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 07011
Author(s):  
Kushagra Shrivastava ◽  
Keith Wen Kai Chia ◽  
Kang Jun Wong ◽  
Alfred Yong Liang Tan ◽  
Hwee Tiang Ning
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Science ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Made In

Solar activity research provides insight into the Sun’s past, future (Science Daily, 2018). The solar activity includes observations of large numbers of intense sunspots, flares, and other phenomena; and demands a wide range of techniques and measurements on the observations. This research needs long term data collection before critical analyses can occur, to generate meaningful learning and knowledge. In this project, we will use solar imaging to make observations of solar activity, and take our baby steps to make contributions in citizen science. Observations will be made in 3 wavelengths to gain a more thorough analysis by looking at different perspectives of the Sun, namely H-Alpha, Calcium-K, and white light.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of phenotypic changes in early domestication of house mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 172099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Geiger ◽  
Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra ◽  
Anna K. Lindholm
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Mouse Population ◽  
Domestication Syndrome ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Wild House Mice ◽  
Term Data

Similar phenotypic changes occur across many species as a result of domestication, e.g. in pigmentation and snout size. Experimental studies of domestication have concentrated on intense and directed selection regimes, while conditions that approximate the commensal and indirect interactions with humans have not been explored. We examine long-term data on a free-living population of wild house mice that have been indirectly selected for tameness by regular exposure to humans. In the course of a decade, this mouse population exhibited significantly increased occurrence of white patches of fur and decreased head length. These phenotypic changes fit to the predictions of the ‘domestication syndrome'.

scholarly journals The Anticancer Effects of Paeoniflorin and Its Underlying Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1987640
Author(s):  
Li-Juan Deng ◽  
Yu-He Lei ◽  
Tsz-Fung Chiu ◽  
Ming Qi ◽  
Hua Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Paeoniflorin (PF) is an important pharmacological component of some Chinese traditional herbal formulas, such as Bai Shao, Chi Shao, and Dan Pi, which have been clinically used for centuries. Although many experimental studies have explored a wide range of pharmacological properties of PF, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunoregulatory, and prevention of insulin resistance, there is no review to describe these reported effects systematically, especially the antitumor effect and the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the anticancer profiles both in vitro and in vivo of PF. Moreover, we highlight the integrated molecular mechanisms of PF and contemplate its future prospects as a potential anticancer drug.

scholarly journals Climate change contributes to widespread declines among bumble bees across continents

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (6478) ◽  
pp. 685-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Soroye ◽  
Tim Newbold ◽  
Jeremy Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Species Extinction ◽  
Population Extinction ◽  
Colonization Dynamics ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Related Population

Climate change could increase species’ extinction risk as temperatures and precipitation begin to exceed species’ historically observed tolerances. Using long-term data for 66 bumble bee species across North America and Europe, we tested whether this mechanism altered likelihoods of bumble bee species’ extinction or colonization. Increasing frequency of hotter temperatures predicts species’ local extinction risk, chances of colonizing a new area, and changing species richness. Effects are independent of changing land uses. The method developed in this study permits spatially explicit predictions of climate change–related population extinction-colonization dynamics within species that explains observed patterns of geographical range loss and expansion across continents. Increasing frequencies of temperatures that exceed historically observed tolerances help explain widespread bumble bee species decline. This mechanism may also contribute to biodiversity loss more generally.

Toward a Medical Understanding of Marihuana

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad J. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Indian Hemp ◽  
Made In

This paper is based on a review of the English language medical literature over the past 35 years on Indian Hemp, with direct reference being made to the more significant articles published during that time. The paucity of direct experimental observation is noted and the difficulties in experimental studies are highlighted by descriptions of the wide variations in the potency of Indian Hemp derivatives. Specific references are provided for the wide range of observations made in relation to acute and chronic physical and psychological effects, personal characteristics of the users and possible factors in causation. It is concluded that marihuana is a poorly defined intoxicant which varies in potency, deteriorates with time and whose chemical composition is largely unknown at present. There are wide variations in human response and the state of intoxication itself carries with it varying degrees of unpleasant physical and psychological experiences. The association between hashish and, to a lesser extent, marihuana and short-term and long-term complications is discussed in relation to complex variables, of which the drug is but one factor.

Main approaches to treatment of hypoxia in acute respiratory distress syndrome, bacterial and viral pneumonia (part I)

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
A. V. Vlasenko ◽  
E. A. Evdokimov ◽  
E. Р. Rodionov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
High Degree

The paper summarizes data on modern approaches to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of severe acute parenchymal respiratory failure of various origins, including ARDS due to bacterial viral pneumonia. The work is based on the data of modern well-organized studies, analysis of international clinical guidelines with a high degree of evidence, as well as the results of our own long-term experimental studies and clinical observations of the treatment of patients with ARDS of various origins, including viral pneumonia of 2009, 2016, 2020. Scientifically grounded algorithms for prevention, differential diagnosis and personalized therapy of severe acute respiratory failure using innovative medical technologies and a wide range of respiratory and adjuvant treatment methods have been formulated. The authors tried to adapt as much as possible the existing current recommendations for the daily clinical practice of anesthesiologists and resuscitators.

Spatial pattern analysis for water quality in free-surface constructed wetland

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1161-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mohammadpour ◽  
Syafiq Shaharuddin ◽  
Chun Kiat Chang ◽  
Nor Azazi Zakaria ◽  
Aminuddin Ab Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Green Technique ◽  
Term Data

Free-surface constructed wetlands are known as a low-energy green technique to highly decrease a wide range of pollutants in wastewater and stormwater before discharge into natural water. In this study, two spatial analyses, principal factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HACA), were employed to interpret the effect of wetland on the water quality variables (WQVs) and to classify the wetland into groups with similar characteristics. Eleven WQVs were collected at the 17 sampling stations twice a month for 13 months. All sampling stations were classified by HACA into three clusters, with high, moderate, and low pollution areas. To improve the water quality, the performance of Cluster-III (micropool) is more significant than Cluster-I and Cluster-II. Implications of this study include potential savings of time and cost for long-term data monitoring purposes in the free-constructed wetland.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature variability and extremes on spring phenology across the contiguous United States from 1982 to 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Liu ◽  
Xiaoyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Spring Temperatures ◽  
Term Data

Abstract Warming climate and its impact on vegetation phenological trends have been widely investigated. However, interannual variability in temperature is considerably large in recent decades, which is expected to trigger an increasing trend of variation in vegetation phenology. To explore the interannual phenological variation across the contiguous United States (CONUS), we first detected the onset of vegetation greenup using the time series of the daily two-band Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2) observed from the AVHRR Long-Term Data Record (1982–1999) and the MODIS Climate Modeling Grid (2000–2016). We then calculated the interannual variation in greenup onset during four decadal periods: 1982–1989, 1990–1999, 2000–2009 and 2010–2016. Further, the trend of interannual variation in greenup onset from 1982 to 2016 was analyzed at pixel and state levels. Extreme phenological events were also determined using a greenup onset anomaly for each pixel. Similar approaches were applied to spring temperatures to detect extreme years and to the temporal trend of interannual variation to explain the phenological variation. The results revealed that 62% of pixels show an increasing interannual variation in greenup onset, and in 44% of pixels, this variation could be explained by the temperature. Although extreme phenology occurred locally in different years, three nationwide extreme phenological years were distinguished. The extreme warm spring that occurred in 2012 resulted in the occurrence of greenup onset as much as 20 days earlier than normal in large parts of the CONUS. In contrast, greenup onset was much later (up to 30 days) in 1983 and 1996 due to cool spring temperatures. These findings suggest that interannual variation in spring phenology could be much stronger in the future in response to climate variation, which could have more significant impacts on terrestrial ecosystems than the regular long-term phenological trend.

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