Accumulation patterns of soil organic matter in forests as a legacy of historical charcoal burning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Schneider ◽  
Alexander Bonhage ◽  
Florian Hirsch ◽  
Alexandra Raab ◽  
Thomas Raab
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Land Use Legacies

<p>Human land use and occupation often lead to a high heterogeneity of soil stratigraphy and properties in landscapes within small, clearly delimited areas. Legacy effects of past land use also are also abundant in recent forest areas. Although such land use legacies can occur on considerable fractions of the soil surface, they are hardly considered in soil mapping and inventories. The heterogenous spatial distribution of land use legacy soils challenges the quantification of their impacts on the landscape scale. Relict charcoal hearths (RCH) are a widespread example for the long-lasting effect of historical land use on soil landscapes in forests of many European countries and also northeastern USA. Soils on RCH clearly differ from surrounding forest soils in their stratigraphy and properties, and are most prominently characterized by a technogenic substrate layer with high contents of charcoal. The properties of RCH soils have recently been studied for several regions, but their relevance on the landscape scale has hardly been quantified.</p><p>We analyse and discuss the distribution and ecological relevance of land use legacy soils across scales for RCH in the state of Brandenburg, Germany, with a focus on soil organic matter (SOM) stocks. Our analysis is based on a large-scale mapping of RCH from digital elevation models (DEM), combined with modelled SOM stocks in RCH soils. The distribution of RCH soils in the study region shows heterogeneity at different scales. The large-scale variation is related to the concentration of charcoal production to specific forest areas and the small-scale accumulation pattern is related to the irregular distribution of single RCH within the charcoal production fields. Considerable fractions of the surface area are covered by RCH soils in the major charcoal production areas within the study region. The results also show that RCH can significantly contribute to the soil organic matter stocks of forests, even for areas where they cover only a small fraction of the soil surface. The study highlights that considering land use legacy effects can be relevant for the results of soil mapping and inventories; and that prospecting and mapping land use legacies from DEM can contribute to improving such approaches.</p>

scholarly journals KLASSIFIKASI BAHAN ORGANIK TANAH BUKIT PINANG-PINANG KAWASAN HUTAN HUJAN TROPIK GUNUNG GADUT PADANG

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita ◽  
Asmar Asmar ◽  
Mimien Harianti ◽  
Suci Betrianingrum
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Very High

A research about soil organic matter (SOM) classification based on the density was conducted for soil in Bukik Pinang-Pinang region.  The objective of this research was to identify whether the SOM in Pinang-Pinang area, having very high annual rainfall, was mostly particulate or had been associated with mineral particles.  Soils were sampled at three different land use, forest, bush, and mixed wood land on 0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm soil depth.  Soil organic matter was classified into 2 classes, < 1.0 g cm-3 and ≥ 1.0 g cm-3 by using pure aquadest.  Total and fractionated SOM samples were analyzed by using Walkley and Black method in soil laboratory, Agriclculture College, Andalas University.  The result showed that, among the three land use surveyed, mixed wood land use gave the highest SOM, then followed by bush land.  Soil OM content in forest ecosystem was much lower than the other two land use for the whole depth.  Based on the density, SOM particulate was higher on the soil surface and decrease by depth in each land use.  Among the ecosystem, SOM under forest was less associated with soil particles than that under bush and mixed wood land. Key Words:  SOM-light fraction, SOM-heavy fraction, land use

scholarly journals Large ecosystem-scale effects of restoration fail to mitigate impacts of land-use legacies in longleaf pine savannas

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (17) ◽  
pp. e2020935118
Author(s):  
Lars A. Brudvig ◽  
Nash E. Turley ◽  
Savannah L. Bartel ◽  
Lukas Bell-Dereske ◽  
Sabrie Breland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Human Land Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Use Legacies ◽  
Pine Savannas

Ecological restoration is a global priority, with potential to reverse biodiversity declines and promote ecosystem functioning. Yet, successful restoration is challenged by lingering legacies of past land-use activities, which are pervasive on lands available for restoration. Although legacies can persist for centuries following cessation of human land uses such as agriculture, we currently lack understanding of how land-use legacies affect entire ecosystems, how they influence restoration outcomes, or whether restoration can mitigate legacy effects. Using a large-scale experiment, we evaluated how restoration by tree thinning and land-use legacies from prior cultivation and subsequent conversion to pine plantations affect fire-suppressed longleaf pine savannas. We evaluated 45 ecological properties across four categories: 1) abiotic attributes, 2) organism abundances, 3) species diversity, and 4) species interactions. The effects of restoration and land-use legacies were pervasive, shaping all categories of properties, with restoration effects roughly twice the magnitude of legacy effects. Restoration effects were of comparable magnitude in savannas with and without a history of intensive human land use; however, restoration did not mitigate numerous legacy effects present prior to restoration. As a result, savannas with a history of intensive human land use supported altered properties, especially related to soils, even after restoration. The signature of past human land-use activities can be remarkably persistent in the face of intensive restoration, influencing the outcome of restoration across diverse ecological properties. Understanding and mitigating land-use legacies will maximize the potential to restore degraded ecosystems.

scholarly journals Effect of Digestate and Straw Combined Application on Maintaining Rice Production and Paddy Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5714
Author(s):  
Xue Hu ◽  
Hongyi Liu ◽  
Chengyu Xu ◽  
Xiaomin Huang ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Combined Application

Few studies have focused on the combined application of digestate and straw and its feasibility in rice production. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment, including six treatments: without nutrients and straw (Control), digestate (D), digestate + fertilizer (DF), digestate + straw (DS), digestate + fertilizer + straw (DFS) and conventional fertilizer + straw (CS), to clarify the responses of rice growth and paddy soil nutrients to different straw and fertilizer combinations. Our results showed that digestate and straw combined application (i.e., treatment DFS) increased rice yield by 2.71 t ha−1 compared with the Control, and digestate combined with straw addition could distribute more nitrogen (N) to rice grains. Our results also showed that the straw decomposition rate at 0 cm depth under DS was 5% to 102% higher than that under CS. Activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase at maturity under DS were all higher than that under both Control and CS. In addition, soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) under DS and DFS were 20~26% and 11~12% higher than that under B and DF respectively, suggesting straw addition could benefit paddy soil quality. Moreover, coupling straw and digestate would contribute to decrease the N content in soil surface water. Overall, our results demonstrated that digestate and straw combined application could maintain rice production and have potential positive paddy environmental effects.

scholarly journals Some Peculiarities of Arable Soil Organic Matter Detection Using Optical Remote Sensing Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2313
Author(s):  
Elena Prudnikova ◽  
Igor Savin
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Sentinel 2

Optical remote sensing only provides information about the very thin surface layer of soil. Rainfall splash alters soil surface properties and its spectral reflectance. We analyzed the impact of rainfall on the success of soil organic matter (SOM) content (% by mass) detection and mapping based on optical remote sensing data. The subject of the study was the arable soils of a test field located in the Tula region (Russia), their spectral reflectance, and Sentinel-2 data. Our research demonstrated that rainfall negatively affects the accuracy of SOM predictions based on Sentinel-2 data. Depending on the average precipitation per day, the R2cv of models varied from 0.67 to 0.72, RMSEcv from 0.64 to 1.1% and RPIQ from 1.4 to 2.3. The incorporation of information on the soil surface state in the model resulted in an increase in accuracy of SOM content detection based on Sentinel-2 data: the R2cv of the models increased up to 0.78 to 0.84, the RMSEcv decreased to 0.61 to 0.71%, and the RPIQ increased to 2.1 to 2.4. Further studies are necessary to identify how the SOM content and composition of the soil surface change under the influence of rainfall for other soils, and to determine the relationships between rainfall-induced SOM changes and soil surface spectral reflectance.

scholarly journals Effects of changing land use in the Netherlands on net carbon fixation.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wolf ◽  
L.H.J.M. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Average Amount

The changed crop rotation on arable land, the decreasing grassland area and the increase in forest area in the Netherlands resulted in a decrease in C pool size. For the calculation of this C pool a method requiring only three input data (average amount of crop or tree residue rate, soil organic matter decomposition and the humification coefficient) has been applied. However the method can only be applied to situations in equilibrium where all three input data are equal. For a changing land use a new state of equilibrium and rate of change in C pool size can be calculated. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Land use impacts on physical-based soil organic matter fractions on three hillside Ferrasols in Mexico

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Matus ◽  
Claudia Hidalgo ◽  
Carlos Monreal ◽  
Isabel Estrada ◽  
Mariela Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Impacts ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

Rate of recycling of sulfur from urine, feces and litter applied to the soil surface

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Blair ◽  
AR Till ◽  
C Boswell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Soil P ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Organic Matter Pool ◽  
Preferential Uptake ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Pool

The recycling of S from plant litter, dung and urine is an important process for supplying S for pastures. A pot experiment was conducted where 35S-labelled litter (25% white clover/38% ryegrass/21% weed) and S-35-labelled urine and faeces collected from sheep fed the same herbage as was used as litter was surface applied to pots and the fate of the applied S was followed for 100 days with ryegrass as the test plant. In camp soil, 45% of the S applied in urine was taken up by ryegrass plants within 12 days of application. In non-camp soil, the uptake of urine-S was about 20% over the same period. Cumulative uptake of 35S from urine in camp soil was subsequently restricted, with a maximum of 60% eventually measured in plants after 100 days. Mean rates of release of S (0-37 days) from litter and faeces was respectively 16.2 and 4.5 mg g-1 day-1. The calculated half-times from S in the two materials were respectively 43 and 154 days under controlled environmental conditions with adequate moisture. Litter S followed organic matter (OM) decomposition, but faecal S release was initially more rapid than faecal OM decomposition. There was little S release from faeces after day 25. Rather, S was immobilized in faeces during the 25-100 day period. The decomposition of litter and faeces was divided into an initial rapid process during which soluble S and more labile S was released, followed by a slower process involving the release of S from tissues more resistant to mineralization. The uptake of 35S from labelled materials was initially more rapid than would be expected for total S released from the added litter and faeces and the 35Suptake effect was short-lived relative to the continued effect of added material on total S uptake. The preferential uptake of 35S from the surface-applied material appears to be due to limited root development at the early stages of the experiment. Movement of 35S into the soil organic matter pool was very rapid; 58.4% of urine S was in the soil organic matter fraction in the non-camp soil by day 6. The amount of applied S in the organic matter equilibrated at about day 75. The accumulation of applied S from the materials added was greater than that recorded in previously reported studies for inorganic sulfate (e.g. about 50%). Soil P and S status had little effect on rates of release of S. from the applied materials, however, the effect of the camp and non-camp soil on total S recycling was markedly different as a result of the different amounts of plant growth and thus S uptake in the two soils. The decomposition of litter indicated peak rates of S release at two specific times over the 100 days and indicated successional changes in micro-organism activity. With faeces, the experiment was not continued for sufficiently long to show micro-organism effects.

Legacy Effects of Sorption Determine the Formation Efficiency of Mineral-Associated Soil Organic Matter

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuling Chen ◽  
Thimo Klotzbücher ◽  
Oliver J. Lechtenfeld ◽  
Hanlie Hong ◽  
Chongxuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Formation Efficiency

scholarly journals Large-scale genome sequencing of mycorrhizal fungi provides insights into the early evolution of symbiotic traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Miyauchi ◽  
Enikő Kiss ◽  
Alan Kuo ◽  
Elodie Drula ◽  
Annegret Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Fungal Genomes ◽  
Induced Genes

Abstract Mycorrhizal fungi are mutualists that play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition in terrestrial ecosystems. Mycorrhizal symbioses arose repeatedly across multiple lineages of Mucoromycotina, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. Considerable variation exists in the capacity of mycorrhizal fungi to acquire carbon from soil organic matter. Here, we present a combined analysis of 135 fungal genomes from 73 saprotrophic, endophytic and pathogenic species, and 62 mycorrhizal species, including 29 new mycorrhizal genomes. This study samples ecologically dominant fungal guilds for which there were previously no symbiotic genomes available, including ectomycorrhizal Russulales, Thelephorales and Cantharellales. Our analyses show that transitions from saprotrophy to symbiosis involve (1) widespread losses of degrading enzymes acting on lignin and cellulose, (2) co-option of genes present in saprotrophic ancestors to fulfill new symbiotic functions, (3) diversification of novel, lineage-specific symbiosis-induced genes, (4) proliferation of transposable elements and (5) divergent genetic innovations underlying the convergent origins of the ectomycorrhizal guild.

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