Tracing migration of larger benthic foraminifera across atolls in the South China Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulia Goeting ◽  
Antonino Briguglio ◽  
Laszlo Kocsis ◽  
Amajida Roslim
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Larger Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Brunei Darussalam

<p>The distribution of modern benthic foraminifera is studied from offshore reefs of Brunei Darussalam located in northwest Borneo with enhanced siliclastic influence, and from Louisa Reef, an atoll in the Southern Spratly Islands under fully carbonatic environment. The main families of larger benthic foraminifera found from offshore reefs of Brunei are the Calcarinidae, Amphisteginidae and the Operculinidae, while at the Louisa Reef are the Calcarinidae, Amphisteginidae and the Soritidae. Larger benthic foraminifera are mainly concentrated in the tropical regions and in shallow waters, and their distribution depends on important environmental factors such as water depth, sunlight and type of sediment. Migration of LBF has been recorded since the Paleogene from the Americas to Africa and the Mediterranean Sea, and later to the Indo-Pacific where the modern biodiversity hotspot occurs. Hence looking into any possible migration throughout certain groups of LBF could help in understanding their biogeographic distribution through time within the Indo-Pacific region. Along the atolls in South China Sea the marine environments meet their living preferences, hence tracing their presence, distributions, and abundances could shed further light on their regional migration pattern.</p>

Palaeoenvironmental significance of Miocene larger benthic foraminifera from the Xisha Islands, South China Sea

Palaeoworld ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Liang Ma ◽  
Qian-Yu Li ◽  
Xin-Yu Liu ◽  
Wei Luo ◽  
Dao-Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Xisha Islands ◽  
Larger Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
China Sea

VARIATIONS IN PALEOPRODUCTIVITY RECORDED BY BENTHIC. FORAMINIFERA DURING MIS 3 FROM THE WESTERN SOUTH CHINA SEA

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Yaocheng NIU ◽  
Yiyuan ZHANG ◽  
Jianghui DU ◽  
Mengsha CHEN ◽  
Baoqi HUANG
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Western South China Sea

scholarly journals Tropical South China Sea Surface 14C Record in an Annually-Banded Coral

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 905-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Mitsuguchi ◽  
Phong X Dang ◽  
Hiroyuki Kitagawa ◽  
Minoru Yoneda ◽  
Yasuyuki Shibata
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
East Asian Monsoon ◽  
High Peak ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Xisha Islands ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Nuclear Explosions

A surface-water Δ14C record of AD 1948–1999 in the tropical South China Sea (SCS) has been reconstructed from accelerator mass spectrometric radiocarbon measurements of annual bands of a Pontes coral collected from Con Dao Island, Vietnam. Results gave the following Δ14C time series: a steady state of −47.8 ± 2.8‰ (mean ± SD, n = 8) during 1948–1955 (i.e. in the pre-bomb period); a sharp increase during 1956–1966; a gradual increase during 1967–1973; a relatively high maximum value of ∼174‰ in 1973; and a gradual decrease for the following period to ∼86‰ in 1999. This Δ14C record having a sharp increase and a relatively high peak is similar to the records of subtropical corals (latitudes 21–27°) and is distinctly different from the records of equatorial/tropical corals (latitudes <10°), although our coral sample was collected from an equatorial/tropical region (8°39′N, 106°33′E). This can be explained by the geographic, oceanographic, and climatic setting of our study site. The SCS is a semi-enclosed marginal sea in the far western tropical Pacific and is little influenced by equatorial upwelling or related ocean currents. Our study site is located in the southwestern SCS, where an enormous submerged plain (the Sunda Shelf) spreads out with very shallow waters (mean depth <100 m). Furthermore, in the SCS, the East Asian monsoon (a strong, seasonally reversing wind system) enhances air-sea gas exchange especially in the mainland coastal waters, including our study site. Such semi-enclosed shallow waters with enhanced ventilation were probably very sensitive to the atmospheric nuclear explosions in the late 1950s and early 1960s and caused the sharp increase and high peak in the coral Δ14C record. Our coral Δ14C values in the southwestern SCS are significantly higher than the values in the northwestern SCS (Xisha Islands), which seems to suggest that meridional mixing of surface waters is not active in the SCS and that the open-ocean water intruding into the northern SCS (i.e. the Kuroshio intrusion) has only a limited influence on the southern SCS.

scholarly journals Arctic and Antarctic Oscillation signatures in tropical coral proxies over the South China Sea

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1979-1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-Y. Gong ◽  
S.-J. Kim ◽  
C.-H. Ho
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Antarctic Oscillation ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
China Sea

Abstract. Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) are the leading modes of atmospheric circulation in mid-high latitudes. Previous studies have revealed that the climatic influences of the two modes are dominant in extra-tropical regions. This study finds that AO and AAO signals are also well recorded in coral proxies in the tropical South China Sea. There are significant interannual signals of AO and AAO in the strontium (Sr) content, which represents the sea surface temperature (SST). Among all the seasons, the most significant correlation occurs during winter in both hemispheres: the strongest AO-Sr and AAO-Sr coral correlations occur in January and August, respectively. This study also determined that the Sr content lags behind AO and AAO by 1–3 months. Large-scale anomalies in sea level pressure and horizontal wind at 850 hPa level support the strength of AO/AAO-coral teleconnections. In addition, a comparison with oxygen isotope records from two coral sites in neighboring oceans yields significant AO and AAO signatures with similar time lags. These results help to better understand monsoon climates and their teleconnection to high-latitude climate changes.

The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Maritime Disputes in the South China Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Beckman
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
The Law

The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) establishes a legal framework to govern all uses of the oceans. All of the states bordering the South China Sea—Brunei Darussalam, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam—are parties to UNCLOS. Taiwan, which also borders the South China Sea, has taken steps to bring its legislation into conformity with UNCLOS.

Inner Shelf Benthic Foraminifera of the South China Sea, East Coast Peninsular Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokiah Suriadi ◽  
Hasrizal Shaari ◽  
Stephen J. Culver ◽  
Mohd Lokman Husain ◽  
V. R. Vijayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
The South ◽  
Inner Shelf ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Muddy Sediments

Abstract The distributional patterns of modern benthic foraminifera from the inner shelf of the southern South China Sea, off the east coast of peninsular Malaysia, are documented for the first time. The study area from Tanjung Sedili, Johor in the south to Marang, Terengganu, in the north was selected for a sand-resource study by the Minerals and Geoscience Department, Malaysia in 1993. Twenty-four surface sediment samples from <50 m water depth contained 266 foraminiferal species belonging to 6 orders, 49 families, and 117 genera, including 32 agglutinated, 130 calcareous hyaline, and 104 calcareous porcelaneous species. Two biofacies were distinguished by cluster analysis. Biofacies A was characterized by high relative abundance of Amphistegina papillosa and few other larger benthic foraminiferal (LBF) taxa in sandier sediments. Biofacies B was characterized by Pseudorotalia schroeteriana and other small rotaliids that were found in muddy sediments. The following features of foraminiferal assemblages and sediments reflect the strong fluvial/terrestrial influence on this tropical shelf environment: the overall moderate foraminiferal diversity, dominance of rotaliids over miliolids, overall dominance of smaller foraminiferal assemblages by Elphidium crispum, the limited diversity of LBF, the limited abundance of A. lessonii and the dominance of LBF assemblages by A. papillosa at relatively shallow depths. These features indicate at least intermittently turbid waters with limited light penetration and the dominance of the shelf sediments by siliciclastics, with mean percent carbonates <35%.

Distribution of Benthic Foraminifera off Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia, South China Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Nazihah Azmi ◽  
Fatin Izzati Minhat ◽  
Sanatul Salwa Hasan ◽  
Omar Abdul Rahman Abdul Manaf ◽  
Aishah Norashikin Abdul A'ziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Shelf Area ◽  
Sunda Shelf ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract We investigated the distribution of modern benthic foraminifera from Kelantan waters in the western part of the Sunda Shelf, South China Sea. Twenty-nine benthic foraminiferal species were identified from seven samples collected along a ∼250 km-long transect perpendicular to the Kelantan coastline. Calcareous hyaline species made up 57% of the overall assemblages collected in the study area, followed by calcareous porcelaneous (23%) and agglutinated (20%) species. Cluster analysis recognised two distinctive groups. Group A represented the shallow inner-shelf area (19–35 m water depth) with a coarse sand-dominated substrate where Amphistegina papillosa (13.37%) and Assilina ammonoides (11.04%) were highly abundant. Group A had lowest diversity with no agglutinated species. Group B, occurred at 40–60 m water depth, had higher foraminiferal diversity and was characterised by a very fine sand substrate. The foraminiferal assemblages here were dominated by calcareous hyaline species in group B followed by calcareous porcelaneous and agglutinated species. Group B was characterised by Assilina ammoinodes (11.04%), Heterolepa dutemplei (10.29%), and Discorbinella bertheloti (10.03%). The dominant agglutinated species in Group B were Textularia agglutinans (4.93%) and Cylindroclavulina bradyi (3.55%). Shallow-water species, such as Amphistegina spp., were absent from Group B. Our study shows that the distribution of benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the western Sunda shelf off Kelantan, is closely associated with changes in seafloor sediment, distance from the shore, and water depth.

scholarly journals JALAN DAMAI MENUJU KEAMANAN REGIONAL: PENDEKATAN ASEAN DALAM UPAYA PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK LAUT CHINA SELATAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wildan Pratama Indra Kusumah ◽  
Nana Supriatna ◽  
Yani Kusmarni
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Regional Organization ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Depth Study

The research aimed to have an in-depth study about the development of South China Sea issue that involved countries such as China, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia Brunei Darussalam and the ASEAN’s role as a Regional Organization in that conflict. In general, this study wants to answer the question about “how is ASEAN’s approaches in order to reconcile South China Sea Conflict peacefully?”. To examine the problem, researcher conducted a study by using historical method that includes four research steps namely collecting of written source through literature study (heuristics), source criticism, interpretation or source analysis and historiography. Researcher also using concepts to simplify the analysis, of which are a regional organization concept, a concept of interest, an international dispute concept, a conflict concept, diplomatic concept, and the law of the sea concept. A rationalisation for this South China Sea study, because the issue remains dynamic and it is difficult to find a solution. Many perspectives regarding claims that were made by countries around the South China Sea and the potentials aspects that embedded could disrupt peace and stability in the region’s security. These issues become challenging for ASEAN. The resulting study found that: there are numbers of a mechanism such as an informal, semi-formal and formal mechanism. However, those mechanisms have not been able to resolve the conflict. Several efforts have been made to prevent military conflicts. In its development, the South China conflict has shown a more positive progress.

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