scholarly journals Macroplastic storage and remobilization in rivers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Liro ◽  
Tim van Emmerik ◽  
Bartłomiej Wyżga ◽  
Justyna Liro ◽  
Paweł Mikuś
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Fluvial System ◽  
Fluvial Systems ◽  
Dam Reservoirs ◽  
Storage Zone ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Natural Characteristics

<p>Processes of macroplastic (plastic particles > 5 mm) storage and remobilization in rivers have been overlooked so far, but are of crucial importance for the estimation of plastic accumulation and transport and associated risks. We present a conceptual model that defines phases of the macroplastic route through a fluvial system and systematizes their main controls. We divided macroplastic route into (1) input, (2) transport, (3) storage, (4) remobilization and (5) output phases. Phase 1 is mainly controlled by humans, phases 2–4 by fluvial processes, and phase 5 by both types of controls. We hypothesize that natural characteristics of fluvial systems and their modification by dam reservoirs and flood embankments construction are key controls on macroplastic storage and remobilization in rivers. The zone of macroplastic storage can be defined as a river floodplain inundated since the beginning of widespread disposal of plastic waste to the environment in the 1960s and the remobilization zone as a part of the storage zone currently influenced by floodwaters and bank erosion. The amount of macroplastic in both zones can be estimated using data on the abundance of surface- and subsurface-stored macroplastic, and the lateral and vertical extent of the zones. A demonstrated diversity of factors controlling the route of macroplastic through a fluvial system requires a broader, transdisciplinary perspective including humans who not only dispose plastic, but are also affected by it both physically and aesthetically, and who may remove it from rivers.</p>

scholarly journals Macroplastic Storage and Remobilization in Rivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Liro ◽  
Tim van Emmerik ◽  
Bartlomiej Wyżga ◽  
Justyna Liro ◽  
Paweł Mikuś
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Fluvial System ◽  
Fluvial Systems ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
Dam Reservoirs ◽  
Storage Zone ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Natural Characteristics

The paper presents a conceptual model of the route of macroplastic debris (5 > mm) through a fluvial system, which can support future works on the overlooked processes of macroplastic storage and remobilization in rivers. We divided the macroplastic route into (1) input, (2) transport (3) storage, (4) remobilization and (5) output phases. Phase 1 is mainly controlled by humans, phases 2–4 by fluvial processes, and phase 5 by both types of controls. We hypothesize that natural characteristics of fluvial systems and their modification by dam reservoirs and flood embankments construction are key controls on macroplastic storage and remobilization in rivers. The zone of macroplastic storage can be defined as a river floodplain inundated since the beginning of widespread disposal of plastic waste to the environment in the 1960s and remobilization zone as a part of the storage zone influenced by floodwaters and bank erosion. The amount of macroplastic in both zones can be estimated using data on the abundance of surface- and subsurface-stored macroplastic and the lateral and vertical extent of the zones. Our model creates the framework for estimation of how much plastic has accumulated in rivers and will be present in future riverscapes.

scholarly journals Macroplastic Storage and Remobilization in Rivers

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Liro ◽  
Tim van Emmerik ◽  
Bartłomiej Wyżga ◽  
Justyna Liro ◽  
Paweł Mikuś
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Fluvial System ◽  
Fluvial Systems ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
Dam Reservoirs ◽  
Storage Zone ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Natural Characteristics

The paper presents a conceptual model of the route of macroplastic debris (>5 mm) through a fluvial system, which can support future works on the overlooked processes of macroplastic storage and remobilization in rivers. We divided the macroplastic route into (1) input, (2) transport, (3) storage, (4) remobilization and (5) output phases. Phase 1 is mainly controlled by humans, phases 2–4 by fluvial processes, and phase 5 by both types of controls. We hypothesize that the natural characteristics of fluvial systems and their modification by dam reservoirs and flood embankments construction are key controls on macroplastic storage and remobilization in rivers. The zone of macroplastic storage can be defined as a river floodplain inundated since the beginning of widespread disposal of plastic waste to the environment in the 1960s and the remobilization zone as a part of the storage zone influenced by floodwaters and bank erosion. The amount of macroplastic in both zones can be estimated using data on the abundance of surface- and subsurface-stored macroplastic and the lateral and vertical extent of the zones. Our model creates the framework for estimation of how much plastic has accumulated in rivers and will be present in future riverscapes.

scholarly journals Macroplastic Storage and Remobilization in Rivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Liro ◽  
Tim van Emmerik ◽  
Bartlomiej Wyżga ◽  
Justyna Liro ◽  
Paweł Mikuś
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
Fluvial System ◽  
Fluvial Systems ◽  
River Floodplain ◽  
Dam Reservoirs ◽  
Storage Zone ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Natural Characteristics

The paper presents a conceptual model of the route of macroplastic debris (5 > mm) through a fluvial system, which can support future works on the overlooked processes of macroplastic storage and remobilization in rivers. We divided the macroplastic route into (1) input, (2) transport, (3) storage, (4) remobilization and (5) output phases. Phase 1 is mainly controlled by humans, phases 2–4 by fluvial processes, and phase 5 by both types of controls. We hypothesize that natural characteristics of fluvial systems and their modification by dam reservoirs and flood embankments construction are key controls on macroplastic storage and remobilization in rivers. The zone of macroplastic storage can be defined as a river floodplain inundated since the beginning of widespread disposal of plastic waste to the environment in the 1960s and remobilization zone as a part of the storage zone influenced by floodwaters and bank erosion. The amount of macroplastic in both zones can be estimated using data on the abundance of surface- and subsurface-stored macroplastic and the lateral and vertical extent of the zones. Our model creates the framework for estimation of how much plastic has accumulated in rivers and will be present in future riverscapes.

scholarly journals Population Pharmacokinetic (PPK) Analysis for Intravenous (IV) and Oral (PO) Delafloxacin Using Data From Phase 1 Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Sujata M. Bhavnani ◽  
Paul G. Ambrose ◽  
Sue K. Cammarata ◽  
Christopher M. Rubino
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Using Data

scholarly journals A New Sequence Stratigraphic Framework of Terrestrial Fluvial

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Lin ◽  
Le Chen ◽  
Jingfu Shan ◽  
Tan Zhang ◽  
Qianjun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Process ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Fluvial System ◽  
Fluvial Systems ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Meandering River ◽  
River Types ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
System Tract

Currently, the recognition and research on the classification of fluvial types mainly focus on the description and results of a series of indicators, such as the plane shape and sediment characteristics. However, there is limited literacy about how to demonstrate the fluvial types from the depositional process, especially less on sequence model of inland fluvial. Thus, this paper aims o propose a new kind of sequence stratigraphic framework, which is able to reflect the fluvial processes under the perspective of sequence stratigraphy. Accordingly, we use the principle of concrete analysis for concrete problems by comprehensively summing up the previous classification schemes of river types. With the research method of sedimentation process, new fluvial systems tracts for fluvial are presented here, including four parts: low fluvial system tract (LFST), advancing fluvial system tract (AFST), flooding fluvial system tract (FFST), receding fluvial system tract (RFST). Moreover, these could be applied to tackle the problem of the traditional division of fluvial. Various rivers have the different characteristics of systems tracts, then this may play a vital role in the discrimination of meandering river, braided river, anastomosing river and branched river. This study embodies the philosophical thought of Process Sedimentology and may contribute to revealing the deposition process of the fluvial system more profoundly from the aspect of genetic mechanism and evolution course. Most importantly, the fluvial classification system is definitely improved from the description stage to a complete rational stage.

scholarly journals The Quaternary Climatic and Tectonic Development of the Murat River Valley (Muş Basin, Eastern Turkey) as Recorded by Fluvial Deposits Dated by Optically Stimulated Luminescence

Quaternary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Nurcan Avşin ◽  
Mehmet Korhan Erturaç ◽  
Eren Şahiner ◽  
Tuncer Demir
Keyword(s):  
Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽  
Fluvial System ◽  
Middle Section ◽  
Alluvial Terrace ◽  
Last Glacial Period ◽  
Fluvial Systems ◽  
Tectonic Development ◽  
River Deposits ◽  
East Anatolia ◽  
The Last Glacial

The paper describes climatic and tectonic effects on fluvial processes of East Anatolia. This study from the Muş Basin contains three alluvial terrace levels (T3-T1) ranging from 30–35 m to 3–5 m above the present Murat River in its middle section. In order to provide a chronology for the evaluation of the significant, effects of climatic changes and tectonic uplift, we used optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of the river deposits of the youngest (T3) and medium terrace (T2). The ages from these terrace deposits show that the T3 has formed approximately 6.5 ka ago, i.e., during the last part of the Holocene (MIS 1) and T2 has formed nearly 25 ka ago, i.e., during MIS 2 at the ending of the last glacial period. According to these results, it appears that the Murat River established its terrace sequences both in cold and warm periods. The variations in climate oriented fluvial evolution between the East Anatolia fluvial system and the temperate-periglacial fluvial systems in Europe may be the conclusion of different vegetation cover and melting thicker snow coverings in cold periods.

Data and model operations in computational sciences. The examples of computational embryology and epidemiology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-47
Author(s):  
Fabricio Li Vigni
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Computational Epidemiology ◽  
Computational Sciences ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Political Decision Making

Abstract Computer models and simulations have become, since the 1960s, an essential instrument for scientific inquiry and political decision making in several fields, from climate to life and social sciences. Philosophical reflection has mainly focused on the ontological status of the computational modeling, on its epistemological validity and on the research practices it entails. But in computational sciences, the work on models and simulations are only two steps of a longer and richer process where operations on data are as important as, and even more time and energy-consuming than modeling itself. Drawing on two study cases – computational embryology and computational epidemiology –, this article contributes to fill the gap by focusing on the operations of producing and re-using data in computational sciences. The different phases of the scientific and artisanal work of modelers include data collection, aggregation, homogenization, assemblage, analysis and visualization. The article contributes to deconstruct the ideas that data are self-evident informational aggregates and that data-driven approaches are exempted from theoretical work. More importantly, the paper stresses the fact that data are constructed and theory-laden not only in their fabrication, but also in their reusing.

Building a Caring-Based Hyperglycemic Crisis Prevention Model for Patients With Diabetes Mellitus, Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Nongnut Oba ◽  
Charlotte D. Barry ◽  
Shirley C. Gordon ◽  
Rachada Pipatsart ◽  
Viruch Sirigulsatien
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Crisis Prevention ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Prevention Model ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of this study was to understand patient experiences of hyperglycemic crisis (HC) and develop a caring-based, interdisciplinary model for preventing HC in Thailand. A 2-Phase approach was used. In Phase 1, qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 in-patients with diabetes mellitus who had experienced a HC. Four themes emerged: not knowing, depending on others for care, experiencing stress, and seeking help for self-care. In Phase 2, interdisciplinary, participatory team focus groups were conducted using data from Phase 1 to develop a model of hyperglycemic crisis prevention.

“There Were Rapes!”: Sexual Assaults of African American Women and Children in Jim Crow

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 934-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Thompson-Miller ◽  
Leslie H. Picca
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
White Men ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
American Women ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Long Term Impact

Using data from 92 interviews, this article examines the narratives of African Americans’ experiences as children and young adults during Jim Crow in the Southeast and Southwest. It gives voice to the realities of sexual assaults committed by ordinary White men who systematically terrorized African American families with impunity after the post-Reconstruction south until the 1960s. The interviewees discuss the short- and long-term impact of physical, mental, emotional, and sexual assaults in their communities. We discuss the top four prevalent themes that emerged related to sexual assault, specifically (a) the normalization of sexual assaults, (b) protective measures to avoid White violence, (c) the morality of African American women, and (d) the long-term consequences of assaults on children.

Review of research in fluvial geomorphology 2010–2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Stott
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Fluvial Geomorphology ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Bank Erosion ◽  
River Management ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Fluvial Systems ◽  
Review Period ◽  
The Subject

This progress report on the discipline of fluvial geomorphology for the calendar years 2010–2011 extends the analysis carried out by Stott (2010, 2011) of papers published in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms ( ESPL) during the calendar years 2006–2007 and 2008–2009 to include the period of 2010–2011. A total of 327 papers were published in the 30 issues of ESPL during the review period, up from 284 during 2006–2007 and 300 in 2008–2009. Of these papers, 175 (54%) were within the subject area of fluvial geomorphology, compared to 125 out of 284 (44%) in the 2006–2007 period, and 113 out of 297 (38%) in the 2008–2009 period. In comparing the three two-year periods covering 2006–2011, the numbers of papers in each of 10 subdisciplines within fluvial geomorphology (e.g. bank erosion, hydraulics, soil erosion) changed markedly. For example, river management, restoration and the effects of vegetation on fluvial systems changed from first in rank in 2006–2007 to tied in fourth place in 2008–2009 and eighth in 2010–2011. In contrast, the subdiscipline of soil erosion was consistently the second-ranked topic in each of the three two-year periods. Following the analysis of patterns of publications in ESPL, selected papers from each of the 10 subdisciplines are reviewed. The articles discussed were selected by searching using keywords from the 10 subdisciplines using http://scholar.google.co.uk, then selecting a relevant journal article from the first 10 hits returned. In this way, 33 papers drawn from 22 journals were sampled and their key findings are summarized.

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