Site Selection Tool for Hydrogen Storage in Porous Media 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eike Marie Thaysen ◽  
Sean McMahon ◽  
Gion J. Strobel ◽  
Ian B. Butler ◽  
Bryne Ngwenya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Selection Tool

<p>Zero carbon energy generation from renewable sources can reduce climate change by mitigating carbon emissions. A major challenge of renewable energy generation is the imbalance between supply and demand. Subsurface hydrogen storage in porous media <sub></sub>is suggested as a large-scale and economic means to overcome these energy imbalances. However, hydrogen is an electron donor for many subsurface microbial processes which may have important implications for hydrogen recovery, gas injectivity and corrosion.</p><p>We reviewed the state-of-the-art literature on the controls on the three major hydrogen-consuming processes in the subsurface: methanogenesis, homoacetogenesis, and sulphate reduction, as a basis to develop a hydrogen storage site selection tool. Sites with low temperature (<70°C), zero to moderate salinity (0-0.6 M) and close to neutral pH values provide the best growth conditions for most of the hydrogen-consuming methanogens, homoacetogens and sulphate reducers. Conversely, fewer strains are adapted to more extreme conditions (high temperature and pressure, increased salinity and acidic or alkaline pH), favouring hydrogen storage in these sites.</p><p>Testing our tool on 42 depleted gas and oil fields of the British and Norwegian North Sea and the Irish Sea showed that seven of the fields may be considered sterile with respect to hydrogen-consuming microorganisms due to either temperatures >122 °C or salinities >5 M NaCl. Only three fields can sustain all of the major hydrogen-consuming processes, due to either temperature, salinity or pressure constraints in the remaining fields. We calculated a potential microbial growth in the order of 1-17*10<sup>7</sup> cells ml<sup>-1</sup> for these fields. The associated hydrogen consumption is negligible to small (<0.01-3.2 % of the stored hydrogen). Our results will advance a faster transition to a lower carbon energy supply by helping inform decisions about where hydrogen can be stored in the future.</p>

scholarly journals ¬Estimating Microbial Hydrogen Consumption in Hydrogen Storage in Porous Media as a Basis for Site Selection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eike Thaysen ◽  
Sean McMahon ◽  
Gion Strobel ◽  
Ian Butler ◽  
Bryne Ngwenya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Hydrogen Consumption

Seasonal storage of hydrogen in porous formations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katriona Edlmann ◽  
Niklas Heinemann ◽  
Leslie Mabon ◽  
Julien Mouli-Castillo ◽  
Ali Hassanpouryouzband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Geological Storage ◽  
Porous Rocks ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

<p>To meet global commitments to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, the energy mix must reduce emissions from fossil fuels and transition to low carbon energy sources.  Hydrogen can support this transition by replacing natural gas for heat and power generation, decarbonising transport, and facilitating increased renewable energy by acting as an energy store to balance supply and demand. For the deployment at scale of green hydrogen (produced from renewables) and blue hydrogen (produced from steam reformation of methane) storage at different scales will be required, depending on the supply and demand scenarios. Production of blue hydrogen generates CO<sub>2</sub> as a by-product and requires carbon capture and storage (CCS) for carbon emission mitigation.  Near-future blue hydrogen production projects, such as the Acorn project located in Scotland, could require hydrogen storage alongside large-scale CO<sub>2 </sub>storage. Green hydrogen storage projects, such as renewable energy storage in rural areas e.g. Orkney in Scotland, will require smaller and more flexible low investment hydrogen storage sites. Our research shows that the required capacity can exist as engineered geological storage reservoirs onshore and offshore UK. We will give an overview of the hydrogen capacity required for the energy transition and assess the associated scales of storage required, where geological storage in porous media will compete with salt cavern storage as well as surface storage such as line packing or tanks.</p><p>We will discuss the key aspects and results of subsurface hydrogen storage in porous rocks including the potential reactivity of the brine / hydrogen / rock system along with the efficiency of multiple cycles of hydrogen injection and withdrawal through cushion gasses in porous rocks. We will also discuss societal views on hydrogen storage, exploring how geological hydrogen storage is positioned within the wider context of how hydrogen is produced, and what the place of hydrogen is in a low-carbon society. Based on what some of the key opinion-shapers are saying already, the key considerations for public and stakeholder opinion are less likely to be around risk perception and safety of hydrogen, but focussed on questions like ‘who benefits?’ ‘why do we need hydrogen in a low-carbon society?’ and ‘how can we do this in the public interest and not for the profits of private companies?’</p><p>We conclude that underground hydrogen storage in porous rocks can be an essential contributor to the low carbon energy transition.</p>

Screening and ranking framework for underground hydrogen storage site selection in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 4401-4414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Lewandowska-Śmierzchalska ◽  
Radosław Tarkowski ◽  
Barbara Uliasz-Misiak
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Underground Hydrogen Storage

scholarly journals A site assessment tool for H2 storage in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moein Jahanbani ◽  
Hamidreza M. Nick ◽  
Mohammad Reza Alizadeh Kiapi ◽  
Ali Mahmoodi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoirs ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Hydrogen Recovery

Hydrogen storage is a key component in realization of an emission free future. Depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs offer a low cost medium for large-scale hydrogen storage. While the effect of hydrogen in triggering some chemical and biochemical reactions has stablished some screening criteria to choose a suitable underground storage site according to reservoir geochemistry, there is no screening criteria based on the effect of variables such as pressure, temperature and composition of the residual hydrocarbon on hydrogen recovery. In this work, we first investigate the cost required for hydrogen compression in terms of the work required for compressors. Then we investigate the effect of reservoir pressure, storage pressure, reservoir temperature and residual composition on hydrogen recovery. Our results show that on one hand the work required for pressurizing hydrogen does not increase linearly with pressure, and on the other hand, hydrogen recovery increases with storage pressure. Additionally, Hydrogen recovery was shown to decrease by increase in reservoir initial pressure before hydrogen storage. Therefore, it seems that hydrogen storage will be more efficient if it is conducted at the highest possible pressure in a reservoir with low initial pressure (either a shallow reservoir, or a depleted reservoir). Our results did not show any strong relationship between hydrogen recovery and temperature. Hydrogen recovery showed to increase slightly with increase in residual hydrocarbon density. However, the effect of residual hydrocarbon was observed to be significant on purity of the produced hydrogen. In this sense, depleted black oil reservoirs seem to be the best and dry gas reservoirs the worst choice.

scholarly journals Hydrogen storage in porous media: learnings from analogue storage experiences and knowledge gaps

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Alcalde ◽  
Niklas Heinemann ◽  
Michelle Bentham ◽  
Cornelia Schmidt-Hattenberger ◽  
Johannes Miocic
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Storage Security ◽  
Pore Fluid Chemistry ◽  
Monitoring Protocols

<p>Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in porous media has been proposed as an effective and sustainable energy storage method to balance renewable energy supply and seasonal demand. To determine the potential for and conduct realistic risk assessments of the UHS technology, learnings from more mature underground fluid storage technologies, such as underground storage of natural gas (UGS) or CO<sub>2</sub> (UCS), can be used. Here we discuss the caveats related to the use of these technologies as analogues to UHS and highlight current knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in future research to make UHS a secure and efficient technology.</p><p>Abiotic and biotic reactions between the rock and the fluids, often not considered in UCS and UGS operations, play an important role in UHS and can change the chemical environment in the reservoir dramatically. The mineralogy of the reservoir and cap rocks, as well as the in-situ pore fluid chemistry, is of vital importance and the characterisation efforts should not be limited to the reservoir quality.</p><p>The risk assessment of UHS operation may follow similar production cycles as in UGS, but there are important lessons to be learnt from UCS. UCS aims to store injected gas permanently and different CO<sub>2</sub> trapping mechanisms are contributing to storage security. Residual trapping, which locks parts of the CO<sub>2</sub> within the pore space, may reduce the commercial profitability in UHS, but can assist to mitigate potential leakage of hydrogen. The dissolution of hydrogen in the pore water will likely play a minor role in UHS compared to UCS, while the precipitation of minerals containing hydrogen during UHS has not yet been appropriately investigated.</p><p>The main storage process in gas storage is the accumulation of buoyant fluid underneath a low-permeability cap rock in a three-dimensional trap. Storage sites are determined by different parameters: UGS is mainly used in depleted gas fields (hence sites with proven gas storage security), while UCS sites are usually located deeper than 800m for efficiency reasons, under conditions at which CO<sub>2</sub> is present as a high-density supercritical phase. None of these restrictions are a pivotal for UHS and a new set of constrains should be formulated specifically designed to the properties of hydrogen. These must involve:</p><ul><li>The unique properties of hydrogen (high diffusivity and low density and, thus, high buoyancy) require potential storage sites to have well-understood cap rocks with minimal diffusion and capillary leakage risk.</li> <li>A reservoir architecture and heterogeneity that guarantees economically sensible injection and withdrawal rates by choosing sites, which minimise the isolation of hydrogen from the main plume during UHS operations.</li> <li>Site monitoring protocols will also need to be re-evaluated for different scales, as well as for the dynamic properties of hydrogen, such as low density and fluid mobility.</li> </ul><p>It is certain that leakage along abandoned wells, the main risk for leakage in UCS and UGS, will also pose a risk to the containment of injected hydrogen. Therefore, hydrogen storage site locations require a comprehensive investigation into abandoned and operational (deep) petroleum and (shallow) water exploration and production wells.</p>

scholarly journals Enabling large-scale hydrogen storage in porous media – the scientific challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Heinemann ◽  
Juan Alcalde ◽  
Johannes M. Miocic ◽  
Suzanne J. T. Hangx ◽  
Jens Kallmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underground Hydrogen Storage

Expectations for energy storage are high but large-scale underground hydrogen storage in porous media (UHSP) remains largely untested. This article identifies and discusses the scientific challenges of hydrogen storage in...

A Case Study on Experiment Site Selection for PV Energy Generation Forecast

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Yu Hsiang ◽  
Tseng Sheng Yuan ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Lin Wen Hui ◽  
Lin Hsiao Chung
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Selection For

Network effect in shared supply chain platform value co-creation behavior in evolutionary game1

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zou Xiaohong ◽  
Chen Jinlong ◽  
Gao Shuanping
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
The Cost

The shared supply chain model has provided new ideas for solving contradictions between supply and demand for large-scale standardized production by manufacturers and personalized demands of consumers. On the basis of a platform network effect perspective, this study constructs an evolutionary game model of value co-creation behavior for a shared supply chain platform and manufacturers, analyzes their evolutionary stable strategies, and uses numerical simulation analysis to further verify the model. The results revealed that the boundary condition for manufacturers to participate in value co-creation on a shared supply chain platform is that the net production cost of the manufacturers’ participation in the platform value co-creation must be less than that of nonparticipation. In addition, the boundary condition for the shared supply chain platform to actively participate in value co-creation is that the cost of the shared supply chain platform for active participation in value co-creation must be less than that of passive participation. Moreover, value co-creation behavior on the shared supply chain platform is a dynamic game interaction process between players with different benefit perceptions. Finally, the costs and benefits generated by the network effect can affect value co-creation on shared supply chain platforms.

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