scholarly journals Satellite and Ground-based Measurements of X<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> in a Remote Semi-Arid Region of Australia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voltaire A. Velazco ◽  
Nicholas M. Deutscher ◽  
Isamu Morino ◽  
Osamu Uchino ◽  
Beata Bukosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Clam Shell ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
The University ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. In this study, we present ground-based measurements of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions (DMFs) of CO2 (or XCO2) from an EM27/SUN portable spectrometer, equipped with an automated clam shell cover, taken in a semi-arid region of Australia. We compared these measurements to space-based XCO2 retrievals from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). Side-by-side measurements of EM27/SUN with the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) instrument at the University of Wollongong were conducted in 2015–2016 to derive an XCO2 calibration factor of 0.9954 relative to TCCON. Although we found a slight drift of .0125 % per month in the calibration curve of the EM27/SUN vs TCCON XCO2, the alignment of the EM27/SUN proved stable enough for a campaign, keeping the retrieved Xair values, a measure of stability, to within 0.5 % and the modulation efficiency to within 2 %. From the measurements in Alice Springs, we confirm a small bias of around 2 ppm in the GOSAT M-gain to H-gain XCO2 retrievals, as reported by the NIES GOSAT validation team. Based on the reported random errors from GOSAT, we estimate the required duration of a future campaign in order to improve the estimated bias between the EM27/SUN and GOSAT. The dataset from the Alice Springs measurements is accessible at http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/48/5b21f16ce69bc (Velazco et al., 2018).

scholarly journals Satellite and ground-based measurements of XCO<sub>2</sub> in a remote semiarid region of Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voltaire A. Velazco ◽  
Nicholas M. Deutscher ◽  
Isamu Morino ◽  
Osamu Uchino ◽  
Beata Bukosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Scaling Factor ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Dry Air ◽  
The University

Abstract. In this study, we present ground-based measurements of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions (DMFs) of CO2 (or XCO2) taken in a semiarid region of Australia with an EM27/SUN portable spectrometer equipped with an automated clamshell cover. We compared these measurements to space-based XCO2 retrievals from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). Side-by-side measurements of EM27/SUN with the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) instrument at the University of Wollongong were conducted in 2015–2016 to derive an XCO2 scaling factor of 0.9954 relative to TCCON. Although we found a slight drift of 0.13 % over 3 months in the calibration curve of the EM27/SUN vs. TCCON XCO2, the alignment of the EM27/SUN proved stable enough for a 2-week campaign, keeping the retrieved Xair values, another measure of stability, to within 0.5 % and the modulation efficiency to within 2 %. From the measurements in Alice Springs, we confirm a small bias of around 2 ppm in the GOSAT M-gain to H-gain XCO2 retrievals, as reported by the NIES GOSAT validation team. Based on the reported random errors from GOSAT, we estimate the required duration of a future campaign in order to better understand the estimated bias between the EM27/SUN and GOSAT. The dataset from the Alice Springs measurements is accessible at https://doi.org/10.4225/48/5b21f16ce69bc (Velazco et al., 2018).

scholarly journals Meliponário didático: a extensão universitária como uma estratégia para a conservação das abelhas sem ferrão no semiárido piauiense

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-288
Author(s):  
Juliana Do Nascimento Bendini ◽  
Michelli Ferreira Dos Santos ◽  
Maria Carolina De Abreu ◽  
Gardner Andrade Arrais ◽  
Maria Mayara Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Stingless Bees ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Learning Space ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
The University ◽  
Semi Arid

Considerando a educação ambiental como instrumento de transformação e uma prioridade entre as ações rumo ao desenvolvimento sustentável, o projeto de extensão universitária “Meliponário didático: uma estratégia para a conservação das abelhas sem ferrão no semiárido piauiense” visa a sensibilização de crianças e jovens, estudantes da educação básica do município de Picos e região, quanto à importância e conservação das abelhas nativas do semiárido piauiense. O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar as ações e impactos do referido projeto desenvolvido na Universidade Federal do Piauí, em Picos. Para isso, descreveu-se o projeto a partir da consolidação do espaço de aprendizagem, desde a formação dos acadêmicos e monitores até a realização das visitas.  Os visitantes primeiramente assistem à uma aula, ministrada pelos próprios acadêmicos, sobre as abelhas e seguem para o Meliponário onde observam as abelhas em atividade. Durante as visitas a observação de algumas expressões espontaneamente pronunciadas pelos alunos, nos auxiliam a avaliar os impactos positivos do projeto para a conservação das abelhas nativas, como: “Professora, as abelhas são os cupidos da natureza!” De abril de 2018 a novembro de 2019 foram recebidos 560 visitantes da rede pública de ensino de Picos, de IES e de outros municípios. Considera-se que as ações educativas promovidas no Meliponário Didático da UFPI configuram estratégias eficazes e necessárias para a constituição de uma relação sustentável com as abelhas. Palavras-chave: Caatinga; Educação Ambiental; Meliponicultura; Biodiversidade   Didactic meliponary: University extension as a strategy for the conservation of stingless bees in the Piauí semiarid Abstract: Considering Environmental Education as an instrument of transformation and a priority among actions towards sustainable development, the university extension project "Didactic meliponary: a strategy for conservation of stingless bees in the semi-arid region of Piauí" aims to raise the awareness of children and young people, students of primary education in the municipality of Picos and region, regarding the importance and conservation of native bees in the semi-arid region of Piauí. This paper aimed to report the actions and impacts of the referred project developed at the Federal University of Piauí, in Picos, Piauí State, Brazil. The consolidation of the learning space and the training of the monitors to conduct the visits were described. Visitors first attend a class taught by the academics about bees and proceed to the meliponary ("Meliponário") to observe the active bees and their social structure. During the visits, expressions spontaneously pronounced by the students are noted, which helps us to assess the positive impacts of the project for the conservation of native bees. One of the expressions was: "Teacher, bees are nature's cupids!" From April 2018 to November 2019, 560 visitors from public schools in Picos, IES, and other municipalities were received. It is considered that the educational actions promoted at UFPI's Didactic Meliponary are an effective and necessary strategy for the constitution of a sustainable relationship with bees. Keywords: Caatinga; Environmental Education; Meliponiculture; Biodiversity

The Molecular Characterization and Biological Assessment of the Leaves Extracts of Loofah Reveal their Nutraceutical Potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takoua Ben Hlel ◽  
Feten Belhadj ◽  
Fatih Gül ◽  
Muhammed Altun ◽  
Ayşe Şahin Yağlıoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Hela Cell ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Hela Cell Lines ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Background:: Luffa cylindrica is a plant that is widely distributed in Africa and Asia and it can be grown in regions with tropical or subtropical climates. Few patents dealt with Loofah biological properties, including some functional foods formulated from its leaves. Objective:: This study aimed to structurally and functionally characterize the bioactive compounds of L. cylindrica leaves grown in two different environments. Methods:: The extracts of L. cylindrica leaves collected from two Tunisian locations: Essouasi (LE), a semi-arid region and Medenine (LM) an arid region, were investigated for their phenolic compounds and fatty acids using HPLC/TOF-MS and GCMS techniques respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated with DPPH, Chelating effect, Hydroxyl radical and Superoxide anion scavenging activities while the anticancer activity against HeLa cell lines was assessed using xCELLigence real time cell analyzer and lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay. Results:: The antiproliferative capacity of both extracts was time and dose-dependent with LE presenting the lowest HeLa cell index (CI = 0.035 ± 0.018, 250 μg/ml). LE also showed the best cytotoxic capacity (56.49 ± 0.8%) and antioxidant potential (IC50 = 54.41 ± 1.12 μg/ml for DPPH and 12.12 ± 0.07 μg/ml for chelating effet). 14 phenolic compounds were detected in LE with ferulic acid being the major compound (5128.5 ± 4.09 μg Phenols/g) while LM had only 6 phenolics. GCMS analysis showed the presence of omega-3 fatty acids in LE. Conclusions:: Our findings suggest that L. cylindrica leaves, especially when collected from semi-arid regions, are promising for formulating nutraceuticals of interest.

Space-time monitoring of soil organic carbon content across a semi-arid region of Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e00367
Author(s):  
Patrick Filippi ◽  
Stephen R. Cattle ◽  
Matthew J. Pringle ◽  
Thomas F.A. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Sowing Dates of Wheat under Arid and Semi-Arid Climatic Regions and Impact Quantification of Climate Change through Mechanistic Modeling with Evidence from Field

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Jamshad Hussain ◽  
Tasneem Khaliq ◽  
Muhammad Habib ur Rahman ◽  
Asmat Ullah ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Rising temperature from climate change is the most threatening factor worldwide for crop production. Sustainable wheat production is a challenge due to climate change and variability, which is ultimately a serious threat to food security in Pakistan. A series of field experiments were conducted during seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 in the semi-arid (Faisalabad) and arid (Layyah) regions of Punjab-Pakistan. Three spring wheat genotypes were evaluated under eleven sowing dates from 16 October to 16 March, with an interval of 14–16 days in the two regions. Data for the model calibration and evaluation were collected from field experiments following the standard procedures and protocols. The grain yield under future climate scenarios was simulated by using a well-calibrated CERES-wheat model included in DSSAT v4.7. Future (2051–2100) and baseline (1980–2015) climatic data were simulated using 29 global circulation models (GCMs) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. These GCMs were distributed among five quadrants of climatic conditions (Hot/Wet, Hot/Dry, Cool/Dry, Cool/Wet, and Middle) by a stretched distribution approach based on temperature and rainfall change. A maximum of ten GCMs predicted the chances of Middle climatic conditions during the second half of the century (2051–2100). The average temperature during the wheat season in a semi-arid region and arid region would increase by 3.52 °C and 3.84 °C, respectively, under Middle climatic conditions using the RCP 8.5 scenario during the second half-century. The simulated grain yield was reduced by 23.5% in the semi-arid region and 35.45% in the arid region under Middle climatic conditions (scenario). Mean seasonal temperature (MST) of sowing dates ranged from 16 to 27.3 °C, while the mean temperature from the heading to maturity (MTHM) stage was varying between 12.9 to 30.4 °C. Coefficients of determination (R2) between wheat morphology parameters and temperature were highly significant, with a range of 0.84–0.96. Impacts of temperature on wheat sown on 15 March were found to be as severe as to exterminate the crop before heading. The spikes and spikelets were not formed under a mean seasonal temperature higher than 25.5 °C. In a nutshell, elevated temperature (3–4 °C) till the end-century can reduce grain yield by about 30% in semi-arid and arid regions of Pakistan. These findings are crucial for growers and especially for policymakers to decide on sustainable wheat production for food security in the region.

Hydrograph apportionment of the Chandra River draining from a semi-arid region of the Upper Indus Basin, western Himalaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
pp. 146500
Author(s):  
Ajit T. Singh ◽  
C.M. Laluraj ◽  
Parmanand Sharma ◽  
B.L. Redkar ◽  
Lavkush Kumar Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Upper Indus Basin ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid
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