Improvements in 3-D digital mapping for geomorphological and Quaternary geological cartography

Abstract. In recent decades, GIS tools have been directly applied to photo-interpretative geomorphological and geological mapping. Although these tools are powerful and effective tools in the creation of digital maps, it is often very difficult to obtain a correct recognition of the nature and boundaries of geomorphological landforms using two-dimensional images. In addition, the output typically requires some improvements, usually by means of field verifications or using oblique field photographs. The aim of this paper is to present the ArcGDS™ tool, which allows the direct exploitation, visualization and digitization of stereoscopic digital linear scanned images (e.g. digital image strips, ©swisstopo). Through two case studies, we show how 3-D digital mapping makes it possible to produce Quaternary geological and geomorphological maps with a limited complementary fieldwork approach and to provide a quantitative assessment of surface deformations through the acquisition of precise elevation coordinates. Combined with high-resolution digital elevation models, ArcGDS™ is a powerful tool, particularly over large areas, as well as under forest cover and on very steep slopes.

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Pitfalls on the path to success… what did we learn after introducing tablets for digital mapping and field tectonic analyses into Nice’s Geology Master program?

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-18002 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Guillaume Duclaux ◽

Carole Petit ◽

Gueorgui Ratzov ◽

Michel Corsini ◽

Chrystele Verati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Free Field ◽

Undergraduate Curriculum ◽

Google Earth ◽

Geological Mapping ◽

Master Program ◽

Digital Devices ◽

Digital Mapping ◽

Gis Tools ◽

Teaching Content ◽

Mapping Techniques

<p>Structural geologists love their compass and cherish their maps and field book more than anything, don&#8217;t they? And they are absolutely right to do so! Now, technical evolutions and the increasing availability and use by geology professionals of digital devices for structural and geological mapping means that our teaching curriculum also has to evolve and engage in these new ways of doing geology. Nevertheless, introducing tablets as field tools in the curriculum has not been so easy&#8230; If we had received one euro every time we heard that our students need to learn how to measure geological structures with a compass and maintain a proper field book rather than use a tablet for geological mapping we would be rich! We heard complaints from colleagues because students were getting too excited about using tablets&#8230; We argue that the issue with digital mapping and the use of tablets as field tools does not lie in the tools themselves, but in the overall methodology that is simply not properly mastered by the students, and that introducing exciting new tools helps overcoming the lack of interest of some and better engage them in the field in general.</p><p>The Earth Sciences Department at the Universit&#233; C&#244;te d&#8217;Azur purchased a pool of 15 iPad-mini units (3G models, as only those are equipped with GPS) protected in water-resistant and dust-proof cases. Students are given the tablet along with a battery pack, so they can charge their devices in remote locations and keep using them for mapping for at least three days. We have used a range of free apps for mapping, depending on the objectives of the field campaigns. For brittle deformation and fault slip data analysis students have access to Rick Allmendinger&#8217;s free app: FaultKin. We have been using for digital mapping in various terrains, the free Field Move app developed by Petroleum Experts Limited. Data acquired in the field (including georeferenced pictures, structural measurements, units contacts, and faults traces) have been seamlessly imported in GIS tools like Google Earth or QGIS, and been used for generating maps and field reports. We made mistakes assuming that some mapping techniques were already understood, and we are trying to improve our teaching content both in the field and in class to better prepare our students in using digital technology. Finally, we want to emphasize that the tablets are not replacing but complementing traditional mapping techniques. After a year using these tablets we have had a great engagement from our Master students and aim to introduce these tools progressively as part of the undergraduate curriculum, still insuring that correct observations are done in the field and detailed descriptions are properly entered on the tablets.</p>

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Terrain Analysis of Biu Plateau, for Road Transport Development, Borno State, Nigeria

Journal of Geography and Geology ◽

10.5539/jgg.v6n2p28 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Ikusemoran Mayomi ◽

John Abdullahi ◽

Anthony Dami

Keyword(s):

Information Technologies ◽

Low Cost ◽

Road Transport ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Terrain Analysis ◽

Road Transportation ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Human Energy ◽

Road Planning ◽

Steep Slopes

Among all the means of transportation, road has been described as the most important, probably because of its flexibility and its low cost in terms of construction, maintenance and usage. However, in Nigeria, road is considered to be the most dangerous means of transportation because of their bad nature such as sharp bends, narrow bridges, steep slopes and other related problems which are associated with the terrain where these roads are constructed. Road transportation therefore needs proper planning and development through the use of geo-information technologies that would ease accessibility reduces human energy and yet brings reliable and accurate information on the terrain. In this paper, Ilwis 3.5 was used to create Digital Elevation Modelling (DEM), Shadowing, 3-Dimentional View, Slope maps and river direction maps of Biu plateau to analyze the use of GIS on road planning and development on the plateau. It was revealed that the technique has great capabilities of terrain analysis as features which are deemed humanly impossible to assess are viewed as if one is at the scene which may enhance quick analysis on road transportation. It was therefore, recommended that all the stake holders in road transportation should employ the use of this geo-information techniques in terrain analysis to ease transport planning and development in the area.

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Kalymnos Island, SE Aegean Sea: From Fishing Sponges and Rock Climbing to Geotourism Perspective

Heritage ◽

10.3390/heritage4040175 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 3126-3146

Author(s):

George Zafeiropoulos ◽

Hara Drinia

Keyword(s):

Driving Force ◽

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Swot Analysis ◽

Aegean Sea ◽

Rock Climbing ◽

Geological Heritage ◽

Alternative Form ◽

Economic Sustainability ◽

Economic Prosperity ◽

Steep Slopes

The island of Kalymnos, located in the Dodecanese island complex in the SE Aegean, is known for its sponge fishing but also for its world-famous climbing fields. Indeed, the island is considered the “Mecca” of climbers. Nevertheless, Kalymnos is characterized by moderate tourist traffic and lack of tourism infrastructure. The planning and development of geotourism can be a driving force for the economic sustainability of the island. In this study, the possibility of developing the innovative and alternative form of geotourism on the island of Kalymnos is explored. Kalymnos is characterized by numerous caves and steep slopes which can be geotopes attractive to visitors. Six caverns and two climbing fields were analyzed as part of our investigation. For the quantitative assessment of the geosites three factors are considered: the potential educational use (PEU), the potential touristic use (PTU), and the degradation risk (DR). The quantitative evaluation in combination with a SWOT analysis showed that there is indeed a possibility of promotion and development of geotourism in combination with the protection of the island’s geotopes. This will give additional impetus to the economy of Kalymnos. However, the lack of awareness from local authorities and residents is evident. The need for training in matters related to the geological heritage is necessary. In this way, there will be geotourism development, contributing positively to the economic prosperity and sustainability of the island.

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Scale-Optimized Surface Roughness for Topographic Analysis

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences9070322 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 322 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

John B. Lindsay ◽

Daniel R. Newman ◽

Anthony Francioni

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Grid Cell ◽

Topographic Analysis ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Locally Adaptive ◽

Elevation Model

Surface roughness is a terrain parameter that has been widely applied to the study of geomorphological processes. One of the main challenges in studying roughness is its highly scale-dependent nature. Determining appropriate mapping scales in topographically heterogenous landscapes can be difficult. A method is presented for estimating multiscale surface roughness based on the standard deviation of surface normals. This method utilizes scale partitioning and integral image processing to isolate scales of surface complexity. The computational efficiency of the method enables high scale sampling density and identification of maximum roughness for each grid cell in a digital elevation model (DEM). The approach was applied to a 0.5 m resolution LiDAR DEM of a 210 km2 area near Brantford, Canada. The case study demonstrated substantial heterogeneity in roughness properties. At shorter scales, tillage patterns and other micro-topography associated with ground beneath forest cover dominated roughness scale signatures. Extensive agricultural land-use resulted in 35.6% of the site exhibiting maximum roughness at micro-topographic scales. At larger spatial scales, rolling morainal topography and fluvial landforms, including incised channels and meander cut banks, were associated with maximum surface roughness. This method allowed for roughness mapping at spatial scales that are locally adapted to the topographic context of each individual grid cell within a DEM. Furthermore, the analysis revealed significant differences in roughness characteristics among soil texture categories, demonstrating the practical utility of locally adaptive, scale-optimized roughness.

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Integrating Virtual Reality and GIS Tools for Geological Mapping, Data Collection and Analysis: An Example from the Metaxa Mine, Santorini (Greece)

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10238317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 8317

Author(s):

Varvara Antoniou ◽

Fabio Luca Bonali ◽

Paraskevi Nomikou ◽

Alessandro Tibaldi ◽

Paraskevas Melissinos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Data Collection ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Geological Mapping ◽

Gis Tools ◽

Data Collection And Analysis ◽

Volcanic Processes ◽

Gis Environment ◽

A Site

In the present work we highlight the effectiveness of integrating different techniques and tools for better surveying, mapping and collecting data in volcanic areas. We use an Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) approach for data collection, integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis in a well-known volcanological site in Santorini (Metaxa mine), a site where volcanic processes influenced the island’s industrial development, especially with regard to pumice mining. Specifically, we have focused on: (i) three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution IVR scenario building, based on Structure from Motion photogrammetry (SfM) modeling; (ii) subsequent geological survey, mapping and data collection using IVR; (iii) data analysis, e.g., calculation of extracted volumes, as well as production of new maps in a GIS environment using input data directly from the IVR survey; and finally, (iv) presentation of new outcomes that highlight the importance of the Metaxa Mine as a key geological and volcanological geosite.

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Morphological and Soil Determinants of Forest Cover Changes in Świętokrzyski National Park and Its Buffer Zone in the last 200 Years

Quaestiones Geographicae ◽

10.1515/quageo-2015-0005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 55-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tadeusz Ciupa ◽

Roman Suligowski ◽

Grzegorz Wałek

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Buffer Zone ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Świętokrzyski National Park ◽

Forest Cover Changes ◽

Gis Methods ◽

Elevation Model ◽

The 19Th Century ◽

Source Materials

Abstract The research described in the paper utilized GIS methods and comparative cartography in order to analyze changes in forest cover in the period 1800-2011 in the Świętokrzyski National Park (76.26 km²) and its buffer zone (207.86 km²). The research was done for predefined elevation intervals, slope gradients, and genetic soil types. Source materials included historical maps as well as a digital elevation model. Changes in forest cover were noted in spatial and temporal terms and were usually linked to morphology and soil type. While the 19th century was characterized by intense deforestation, this process reversed starting in the early 20th century. Nevertheless, forest cover in the study area has still not returned to its state from 1800.

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Pemetaan Digital dan Pengelompokan Lahan Hijau di Wilayah Provinsi Riau Berdasarkan Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) dengan Teknik K-Means Mining

10.31227/osf.io/unzmb ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Mustakim

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Knowledge Discovery ◽

Knowledge Discovery In Databases ◽

Digital Maps ◽

Digital Mapping ◽

Significant Function ◽

Green Land

Development of technology more rise in all circle, in education, instance and in interprise One of technology are internet and mapping. Significant function of map is giving information to reader or digital access, in this case, digital mapping for grouping green land in Riau by using KDD technique data mining. Green land the topical is forest. This system give information like territory map grouping in Riau, with output a digital maps green land, besides detail information every teritory. This system is developed by programing language PHP with mapping in google maps.User from this system consist of admin, leader and ordinary user based on every access rightfull authority.

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Analysis of the relationships between the spatial arrangement of palaeovalleys and contemporary valleys of Central Poland in the light of GIS methods

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Geographica Physica ◽

10.18778/1427-9711.15.06 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Aleksander Szmidt

Keyword(s):

Digital Elevation Model ◽

Spatial Arrangement ◽

Central Poland ◽

Gis Tools ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Major River ◽

Gis Methods ◽

Elevation Model ◽

River Valleys

The article presents an example of application of selected GIS methods for showing connections between the course of palaeovalleys and contemporary valleys in Central Poland. The analysed area was shaped in the conditions of environment as early as the Palaeogene and Neogene, but the greatest impact on the present-day landscape came from the morphogenetic processes which operated in the Quaternary.Palaeogeographic studies of the analysed area often point to the possible dependencies between the contemporary landscape and its substrate, particularly as regards the valley system. In order to verify this hypothesis, on the basis of archival cartographic materials and a Digital Elevation Model of the current terrain, a procedure for conducting analyses with the use of commonly available GIS tools was proposed. Results of the conducted analysis allow for stating that the major river valleys of Central Poland in large part correspond to the arrangement of the fossil valley system, and the relationships are most easily noticeable for the largest valleys.

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Revision of the geological map and 3D modelling of the geological structure of the Samaria Gorge Region, W. Crete

Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece ◽

10.12681/bgsg.16940 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ε. ΜΑΝΟΥΤΣΟΓΛΟΥ ◽

Ε. ΣΠΥΡΙΔΩΝΟΣ ◽

Α. SOUJON ◽

V. JACOBSHAGEN

Keyword(s):

Geometric Model ◽

Short Review ◽

Geological Structure ◽

Geological Mapping ◽

3D Cad ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

Geological Map ◽

Interactive 3D ◽

Elevation Model ◽

The One

The island of Crete is situated near the front of an active plate margin. Therefore, it is of great interest in the framework of the International Continental Drilling Project (I.C.D.P.). A short review of the digital modelling methods, their applications in the geosciences and the associated advantages is also presented. The digital 3-dimensional geometric model of the geological structure of the Samaria Gorge region is based on the study of the stratigraphy and the tectonic evolution of the metamorphic rocks of the Plattenkalk group in SW Crete. Data from the geological map of Greece (Vatolakkos sheet, 1:50.000) and from the literature have been supplemented by geological mapping and structural analyses. In our study we applied interactive 3D CAD methods implemented in the integrated software package SURPAC2000. The surface geology has been draped over a digital elevation model of the topography in order to model the geometry of the subsurface structures. Two hypotheses about the geological structure of the region are examined: a) the one given by the existing geological map, which proposes a syncline structure and b) the one resulting from the combination of existing data, corrections carried out through repeated 3D simulations and new field observations. After distinguishing in the S of the study area the Trypali union, overthrusted on the Plattenkalk group, we propose an anticline structure with a NNE/SSW striking axis dipping to the NE.

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Volkanostratigrafi Inderaan Jauh Kompleks Gunungapi Gede dan Sekitarnya, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral ◽

10.33332/jgsm.v20i1.386 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Fitriani Agustin ◽

Sutikno Bronto

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Geological Mapping ◽

Lava Flows ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Visual Interpretation ◽

Remote Sensing Technology ◽

Sensing Technology ◽

Digital Elevation ◽

History Of ◽

Elevation Model

Remote sensing technology greatly helps to identify the various of volcano features, including active, old and ancient volcanoes. The aim of this paper is intended to introduce various volcanic features in the Gede Volcano Complexs (GVC) and souronding area; compose volcanostratigraphy; and estimate the history of the volcanoes. The method used is a visual interpretation 9 meters spatial resolution of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) TerraSar-x image. Indonesian Stratigraphy Nomenclature Guide 1996 was implemented in vocanostratigraphy unit classification, involving Arc, Super Brigate, Brigate, Crown and Hummockly. Based on the interpretation the DEM image, volcanostratigraphic unit the Gede Volcano Complex consists of Bregade Masigit (Br. M.), which consists of Joklok (Gm.J.) and Gegerbentang (Gm.G.) Hummocs; Crown Lingkung (Kh.L.) consisting of Pangrango (Gm.P.), Situ Gunung (Gm Sg.), Cikahuripan (Gm.Ck.), Pasir Prahu (Gm.Ph) Hummocs; Gege Crown (Kh.G.), which is located in the east of Lingkung Crown. The Gede Crown consists of Gumuruh humock (Gm.Gh.), Gunung Gede lava flows (LG 1,2,3,4,5), and giant debrise avalances (gv-G). The geological mapping based volcanostratigraphy is very useful for exploration of mineral and energy resources, as well as geological hazards.Keywords : volcanostratigraphy, DEM TerraSar-x image, Gunung Gede Complexs.

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