scholarly journals Macroinvertebrate habitat requirements in rivers: overestimation of environmental flow calculations in incised rivers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Kędzior ◽  
Małgorzata Kłonowska-Olejnik ◽  
Elżbieta Dumnicka ◽  
Agnieszka Woś ◽  
Maciej Wyrębek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
High Volume ◽  
High Water ◽  
Environmental Flow ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Flow Estimation ◽  
River Incision ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Abstract. Flow variability determines the conditions of river ecosystem and river ecological functioning. The variability of ecological processes in river ecosystems gradually decreases. Prediction of the environmental flow allowing to keep biological diversity and river health develops as a response to the degradation of aquatic ecosystems overexploited by humen. The goal of the study was to test the influence of river incision on environmental flow estimation based on the macroinvertebrate BMWP_PL index. The 240 macroinvertebrate assemblages of 12 waterbodies varying in the bed substrate, amplitude of discharge were surveyed in southern Poland. The variations in the distribution of 151 466 macroinvertebrates belonging to 92 families were analysed. The similarity of benthic macroinvertebrates reflects the typological division of the rivers into three classes: mountain Tatra streams, mountain flysch rivers, and upland carbonate and silicate rivers (NMDS, ANOSIM, p < 0.001). As a response variable reflecting the macroinvertebrate distribution in the river, environmental parameters, BMWP_PL index was chosen. Our results show that the BMWP_PL index reached its highest values in shallower zones (by the shores) and at high water velocity in the Tatra Rivers or low velocity in most lowland rivers. The river incision significantly increased the values of e-flow calculations in relation to redeposited channels. The area of habitat suitability decreased with the bed incision intensity. In highly incised rivers, the environmental flow values are close to the mean annual flow, suggesting that a high volume of water is needed to obtain good macroinvertebrate conditions. As a consequence, the river downcutting processes and impoverishment of suitable habitats will proceed.

scholarly journals Structure and biodiversity of zooplankton communities in freshwater habitats of a Vereda Wetland Region, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olívia Penatti Pinese ◽  
José Fernando Pinese ◽  
Kleber Del Claro
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
Local Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Aims: Vereda wetlands are among the most important aquatic habitats in Brazilian savannah (Cerrado) because of their association with river springs and its relevancy for biodiversity conservation. This study aimed to determine and compare the biodiversity of zooplankton in vereda lakes, differentiated by the presence or absence of aquatic macrophytes at an environmental reserve in Uberlândia, Minas Geais, Southeastern Brazil. Zooplanctonic abundance patterns and their relation with environmental parameters were also discussed and presented through multivariate statistics. Methods Twelve samples were taken at water surface, at 15-day intervals in 2006. It was observed a total richness of 75 species, including 12 genera, 29 species and one sub-species as new records for Minas Gerais State. Results Rotifers were the predominant group and Lecanidae was the most diverse family. Among cladocerans, Chydoridae showed the greatest richness and Bosminidae the highest abundance. Few adult copepods were sampled in this study, but nauplii were very frequent. Cyclopidae was the most common family among copepods and there was no record of Calanoida. Conclusions The difference in composition among the studied lakes was remarkable. The lake with macrophytes showed the greatest richness but the lowest density, and the opposite situation occurred in the other lake. This can be explained by the fact that aquatic macrophytes, as primary producers, exert a bottom-up effect on zooplankton community, sustaining a high local diversity in contrast with a low numeric abundance of these microorganisms. Therefore, this pattern may have been created by the surround heterogeneity and, at the same time, by the reduction of available minerals of the system caused by macrophyte matter fixation. Many studies on zooplankton need to be developed in palm swamp communities in order to better comprehend the biological diversity and the energy balance in different habitats for the conservation of aquatic ecosystems.

Ultrasonic method for measuring water holdup of low velocity and high-water-cut oil-water two-phase flow

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
An Zhao ◽  
Yun-Feng Han ◽  
Ying-Yu Ren ◽  
Lu-Sheng Zhai ◽  
Ning-De in
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
High Water ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
High Water Cut ◽  
Water Cut

Environmental flow requirements in arid zone rivers – a case study from the Lake Eyre Basin, central Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Costelloe ◽  
J.T. Puckridge ◽  
J.R.W. Reid ◽  
J. Pritchard ◽  
P. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Environmental Flow ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Real Flow

The ARIDFLO project takes a multi-disciplinary approach to the collection and analysis of data required to formulate appropriate environmental flow requirements for rivers in the Lake Eyre Basin. The key drivers of the ecological processes underpinning the health of these rivers are identified by modelling whole-of-ecosystem biological responses to hydrological events over a range of spatial and temporal scales. First, the hydrology of these poorly gauged (often ungauged) rivers needs to be modelled and validated to mimic real flow and inundation patterns at the catchment, reach and waterbody scale. Modelled and actual discharge data are then used to provide a suite of hydrological predictor variables which, in conjunction with other environmental variables, are used to model observed biotic responses. The key hydrologic and environmental drivers identified by the statistical models need to be taken into account when determining environmental flow requirements for these river systems. Further work is required to assess the predictive power of the models in the highly variable, complex systems of the Lake Eyre Basin rivers.

scholarly journals Reforming the approach of the Global Environmental Facility to biodiversity conservation

Oryx ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Russell A. Mittermeier ◽  
Ian A. Bowles
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Global Environmental Facility ◽  
Earth Summit ◽  
Funding Mechanism ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Environmental

Biodiversity – a measure of the wealth of species, ecosystems and ecological processes that make up our living planet –received public prominence as a result of the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992. The loss of biodiversity, say the authors, is the greatest environmental problem the world faces but the issue has not been given the attention it deserves. With the emergence of the Global Environmental Facility in 1990 came the chance to fund biodiversity conservation on a unprecedented scale and in 1992 the GEF was adopted as the interim funding mechanism for the Convention on Biological Diversity signed at the Earth Summit. Three years after its foundation, the authors of this paper suggest that the GEF has to be reformed radically if it is to become an effective force in conservation. Their conclusions are based on Conservation International's experience with the GEF over the last 3 years in more than 10 countries.

Effect of Water Volume on the Growth of Silver Nanoparticles Promoted by Ultraviolet

2010 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Ye Ling Jin
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
High Volume ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Reactive System ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
On Line ◽  
Low Volume

The formation process of silver nanoparticles promoted by ultraviolet has been investigated by on-line UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM). We firstly report that the volume of water will result in the growth of silver nanoparticles with different mechanism, UV-vis spectra show that the growth of nanopaticles presents blue-shift for reactive system with high volume water, but red-shift for that of low volume water. Moreover, experiments reveal that high water volume results in the change of the color of the silver sol accordingly.

The role of connectivity in Australian conservation

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Soulé ◽  
B. G. Mackey ◽  
H. F. Recher ◽  
J. E. Williams ◽  
J. C. Z. Woinarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Ecological Resilience ◽  
Landscape Permeability ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Trophic Relations ◽  
Scientific Framework

The existing system of nature reserves in Australia is inadequate for the long-term conservation and restoration of native biological diversity because it fails to accommodate, among other elements, large scale and long-term ecological processes and change, including physical and biotic transport in the landscape. This paper is an overview of the connectivity elements that inform a scientific framework for significantly improving the prospects for the long-term conservation of Australia's biodiversity. The framework forms the basis for the WildCountry programme. This programme has identified connectivity at landscape, regional and continental scales as a critical component of an effective conservation system. Seven categories of ecological phenomena are reviewed that require landscape permeability and that must be considered when planning for the maintenance of biological diversity and ecological resilience in Australia: (1) trophic relations at regional scales; (2) animal migration, dispersal, and other large scale movements of individuals and propagules; (3) fire and other forms of disturbance at regional scales; (4) climate variability in space and time and human forced rapid climate change; (5) hydroecological relations and flows at all scales; (6) coastal zone fluxes of organisms, matter, and energy; and, (7) spatially-dependent evolutionary processes at all scales. Finally, we mention eight cross-cutting themes that further illuminate the interactions and implications of the seven connectivity-related phenomena for conservation assessment, planning, research, and management, and we suggest how the results might be applied by analysts, planners, scientists, and community conservationists.

A neural net model for environmental flow estimation at the Ebro River Basin, Spain

2008 ◽  
Vol 349 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Alcázar ◽  
Antoni Palau ◽  
Cristina Vega-Garcı´a
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Environmental Flow ◽  
Neural Net ◽  
Ebro River ◽  
Flow Estimation

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN KAWASAN KONSERVASI LAUT DALAM MITIGASI PERUBAHAN EKOLOGI LAUT

OSEANA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Coastal Pollution ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Water And Sediment Quality ◽  
Suitable Habitats

ROLES OF MARINE PROTECTED AREA IN THE MITIGATION OF MARINE ECOLOGICAL CHANGES. Global warming, overfishing, and coastal pollution are the main drivers of marine ecological changes in developing countries, such as Indonesia. Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) prioritizing the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is the local mitigation to reduce the effects of marine ecological changes. It has been acknowledged that MPAs play important roles in: (1) reducing the effects of global warming via uptaking and storing carbon into sediments, (2) protecting marine lives via providing suitable habitats and maintaining natural behaviors, (3) supporting coastal pollution via enhancing water and sediment quality. In order to gain maximum benefits, MPAs should meet four standard criteria: (1) representation, i.e. MPAs should cover all marine ecosystems (e.g. mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs), (2) replication, i.e. MPAs should be connected, and (4) self-sustaining total area, i.e. MPAs should be large enough to support ecological processes.

scholarly journals Questions of importance to the conservation of global biological diversity: answers from the past

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1139-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Willis ◽  
S. A. Bhagwat
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Past Climate Change ◽  
Integrated Conservation

Abstract. Paleoecological records are replete with examples of biotic responses to past climate change and human impact but how can we use these records in the conservation of current and future biodiversity? A recently published list of One Hundred Questions of Importance to the Conservation of Global Biological Diversity (Sutherland et al., 2009) highlights a number of key research questions that need a temporal perspective. Many of these questions are related to the determination of ecological processes in order to assess ecosystem function and services, climate change-integrated conservation strategies, and ecosystem management and restoration. However, it is noticeable that not a single contributor to this list was from the paleo-research community and that extremely few paleo-records are ever used in the development of terrestrial conservation management plans. This lack of dialogue between conservationists and the paleo-community is partially driven by a perception that the data provided by paleoecological records are purely descriptive and not of relevance to the day-to-day management and conservation of biological diversity. This paper illustrates, through a series of case-studies, how long-term ecological records (>50 years) can provide a test of predictions and assumptions of ecological processes that are directly relevant to management strategies necessary in order to retain biological diversity in a changing climate. This includes information on diversity baselines, thresholds, resilience, and restoration of ecological processes.

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