scholarly journals Variability of moisture recycling using a precipitationshed framework

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 5143-5178 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Keys ◽  
E. A. Barnes ◽  
R. J. van der Ent ◽  
L. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Atmospheric Moisture ◽  
Moisture Recycling ◽  
The Core ◽  
Western Sahel

Abstract. Recent research has revealed that upwind land-use changes can significantly influence downwind precipitation. The precipitationshed (the upwind ocean and land surface that contributes evaporation to a specific location's precipitation) may provide a boundary for coordination and governance of these upwind-downwind water linkages. We aim to quantify the variability of the precipitationshed boundary to determine whether there are persistent and significant sources of evaporation for a given region's precipitation. We identify the precipitationsheds for three regions (i.e. Western Sahel, Northern China, and La Plata) by tracking atmospheric moisture with a numerical water transport model (WAM-2layers) using gridded fields from both the ERA-Interim and MERRA reanalyses. Precipitationshed variability is examined first by diagnosing the persistence of the evaporation contribution and second with an analysis of the spatial variability of the evaporation contribution. The analysis leads to three key conclusions: (1) a core precipitationshed exists; (2) most of the variance in the precipitationshed is explained by a pulsing of more or less evaporation from the core precipitationshed; and, (3) the reanalysis datasets agree reasonably well, although the degree of agreement is regionally dependent. Given that much of the growing season evaporation arises from within a core precipitationshed that is largely persistent in time, we conclude that the precipitationshed can potentially provide a useful boundary for governing land-use change on downwind precipitation.

scholarly journals Variability of moisture recycling using a precipitationshed framework

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3937-3950 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Keys ◽  
E. A. Barnes ◽  
R. J. van der Ent ◽  
L. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Moisture Recycling ◽  
Western Sahel ◽  
Accounting Model

Abstract. Recent research has revealed that upwind land-use changes can significantly influence downwind precipitation. The precipitationshed (the upwind ocean and land surface that contributes evaporation to a specific location's precipitation) may provide a boundary for coordination and governance of these upwind–downwind water linkages. We aim to quantify the variability of the precipitationshed boundary to determine whether there are persistent and significant sources of evaporation for a given region's precipitation. We identify the precipitationsheds for three regions (i.e., western Sahel, northern China, and La Plata) by tracking atmospheric moisture with a numerical water transport model (Water Accounting Model-2layers, or WAM-2layers) using gridded fields from both the ERA-Interim (European Reanalysis Interim) and MERRA (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications) reanalyses. Precipitationshed variability is examined first by diagnosing the persistence of the evaporation contribution and second with an analysis of the spatial variability of the evaporation contribution. The analysis leads to three key conclusions: (1) a core precipitationshed exists; (2) most of the variance in the precipitationshed is explained by a pulsing of more or less evaporation from the core precipitationshed; and (3) the reanalysis data sets agree reasonably well, although the degree of agreement is regionally dependent. Given that much of the growing-season evaporation arises from within a core precipitationshed that is largely persistent in time, we conclude that the precipitationshed can potentially provide a useful boundary for governing land-use change on downwind precipitation.

scholarly journals Double cropping in the Amazon: its relation with moisture recycling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O'Connor ◽  
Karin T. Rebel ◽  
Maria J. Santos ◽  
Stefan C. Dekker ◽  
Obbe A. Tuinenburg
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Moisture Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Atmospheric Moisture ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Moisture Recycling ◽  
Double Cropping

<p>Land use and land cover change in the Amazon results in the loss and degradation of ecosystem services vital to human wellbeing. The land-use transitions from forest to grasslands and to croplands modify the hydrological cycle as the non-forest cover has lower evapotranspiration and increased runoff.<br>The high rates of evapotranspiration of the Amazon forest drive the atmospheric moisture recycling system, which not only supports the forest itself but provides atmospheric moisture for precipitation downwind, important for agriculture, human consumption and hydropower across central Brazil. While deforestation reduces overall precipitation,  deforestation has also been correlated with a delay in the wet season onset leading to a longer dry season. Therefore agriculture presents itself as an interesting conundrum, as it is the main driver of deforestation, it also acts as both the degrader and one of the main beneficiaries of the system.</p><p> </p><p>Recent advances in soybean double-cropping have increased agricultural productivity. However, as sowing is tightly coupled to the wet season onset, this strategy is dependent on a stable wet season onset.</p><p><br>Here, we analyse the contribution of terrestrial evapotranspiration to precipitation during the early wet season. We employed a Lagrangian moisture transport model which connects moisture source (evapotranspiration) locations with moisture sink (precipitation) locations in the agriculture state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. We calculated the fraction of precipitation derived from moisture recycling as well as estimate the delay in wet season precipitation under a scenario without moisture recycling. Finally, using this moisture transport model we identified and mapped source areas that contribute to two existing double-cropping locations, one in the Amazon biome (North) and one in the Cerrado biome (South).</p><p><br>We found that during the wet season transition, roughly 35% of the precipitation across Mato Grosso originates from moisture recycling. The fraction of moisture recycled precipitation is spatially correlated with latitude and longitude with the lowest fraction in the Northeast ≈20% and highest in the Southwest ≈60%. Both cropping locations showed a highly dispersed source area of precipitation. With 30% of recycled rainfall generated within 250 km of the precipitation location. The two cropping locations we analyzed shared a number of forest source areas highlighting their importance for moisture recycling. We found a 10-day delay in accumulated precipitation in our scenario without moisture recycling. This implies that double-cropping systems would become more uncertain as the sowing of soybean would most likely be delayed further into the year.</p>

scholarly journals Increase in Near-Surface Atmospheric Moisture Content due to Land Use Changes: Evidence from the Observed Dewpoint Temperature Data

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 1554-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezaul Mahmood ◽  
Kenneth G. Hubbard ◽  
Ronnie D. Leeper ◽  
Stuart A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Atmospheric Moisture ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Dewpoint Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Moisture Content

Abstract Land use change can significantly affect root zone soil moisture, surface energy balance, and near-surface atmospheric temperature and moisture content. During the second half of the twentieth century, portions of the North American Great Plains have experienced extensive introduction of irrigated agriculture. It is expected that land use change from natural grass to irrigated land use would significantly increase near-surface atmospheric moisture content. Modeling studies have already shown an enhanced rate of evapotranspiration from the irrigated areas. The present study analyzes observed dewpoint temperature (Td) to assess the affect of irrigated land use on near-surface atmospheric moisture content. This investigation provides a unique opportunity to use long-term (1982–2003) mesoscale Td data from the Automated Weather Data Network of the high plains. Long-term daily Td data from 6 nonirrigated and 11 irrigated locations have been analyzed. Daily time series were developed from the hourly data. The length of time series was the primary factor in selection of these stations. Results suggest increase in growing-season Td over irrigated areas. For example, average growing-season Td due to irrigation can be up to 1.56°C higher relative to nonirrigated land uses. It is also found that Td for individual growing-season month at irrigated locations can be increased up to 2.17°C by irrigation. Based on the results, it is concluded that the land use change in the Great Plains has modified near-surface moistness.

Pollen Indicators of Land-Use Change in Southern Connecticut

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Brugam
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Chestnut Blight ◽  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Lake Shore ◽  
The Core ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Vegetational Succession

Changes in fossil pollen assemblages from a 2-m core from Linsley Pond, North Branford, Connecticut, are compared with historically documented land use changes in the lake watershed. Dating with 210Pb and 14C reveals two sedimentation rate changes in the core which are associated with the arrival of European farmers; the building of cabins and suburban housing subdivisions on the lake shore. At European settlement in 1700 ad Ambrosia and Rumex pollen first appear, Gramineae-type pollen increases, and Tsuga decreases. Just before the beginning of agricultural disturbance Fagus pollen declines. The chestnut blight of 1913 causes a reduction of Castanea pollen and a subsequent vegetational succession through Betula to Quercus. The sedimentation rate determined by the chestnut blight horizon is consistent with the rate deduced from 210Pb analysis.

scholarly journals Using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor to detect change in land surface temperature in relation to land use change in Yazd, Iran

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1551-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Zareie ◽  
Hassan Khosravi ◽  
Abouzar Nasiri ◽  
Mostafa Dastorani
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Thematic Mapper ◽  
Landsat Thematic Mapper ◽  
Land Use Types

Abstract. Land surface temperature (LST) is one of the key parameters in the physics of land surface processes from local to global scales, and it is one of the indicators of environmental quality. Evaluation of the surface temperature distribution and its relation to existing land use types are very important to the investigation of the urban microclimate. In arid and semi-arid regions, understanding the role of land use changes in the formation of urban heat islands is necessary for urban planning to control or reduce surface temperature. The internal factors and environmental conditions of Yazd city have important roles in the formation of special thermal conditions in Iran. In this paper, we used the temperature–emissivity separation (TES) algorithm for LST retrieving from the TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) data of the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM). The root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) were used for validation of retrieved LST values. The RMSE of 0.9 and 0.87 °C and R2 of 0.98 and 0.99 were obtained for the 1998 and 2009 images, respectively. Land use types for the city of Yazd were identified and relationships between land use types, land surface temperature and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were analyzed. The Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy were calculated for accuracy assessment of land use classification. The Kappa coefficient values are 0.96 and 0.95 and the overall accuracy values are 0.97 and 0.95 for the 1998 and 2009 classified images, respectively. The results showed an increase of 1.45 °C in the average surface temperature. The results of this study showed that optical and thermal remote sensing methodologies can be used to research urban environmental parameters. Finally, it was found that special thermal conditions in Yazd were formed by land use changes. Increasing the area of asphalt roads, residential, commercial and industrial land use types and decreasing the area of the parks, green spaces and fallow lands in Yazd caused a rise in surface temperature during the 11-year period.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF LAND USE CHANGE ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN THE NETHERLANDS

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-1-W5 ◽  
pp. 745-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Youneszadeh ◽  
N. Amiri ◽  
P. Pilesjo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Information System ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Geographical Information

The Netherlands is a small country with a relatively large population which experienced a rapid rate of land use changes from 2000 to 2008 years due to the industrialization and population increase. Land use change is especially related to the urban expansion and open agriculture reduction due to the enhanced economic growth. This research reports an investigation into the application of remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) in combination with statistical methods to provide a quantitative information on the effect of land use change on the land surface temperature. In this study, remote sensing techniques were used to retrieve the land surface temperature (LST) by using the MODIS Terra (MOD11A2) Satellite imagery product. As land use change alters the thermal environment, the land surface temperature (LST) could be a proper change indicator to show the thermal changes in relation with land use changes. The Geographical information system was further applied to extract the mean yearly land surface temperature (LST) for each land use type and each province in the 2003, 2006 and 2008 years, by using the zonal statistic techniques. The results show that, the inland water and offshore area has the highest night land surface temperature (LST). Furthermore, the Zued (South)-Holland province has the highest night LST value in the 2003, 2006 and 2008 years. The result of this research will be helpful tool for urban planners and environmental scientists by providing the critical information about the land surface temperature.

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