scholarly journals A proposal of topographic map symbols for large-scale maps of urban areas in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Claudia Robbi Sluter ◽  
Silvana Philippi Camboim ◽  
Andrea Lopes Iescheck ◽  
Luciane Borges Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Topographic Mapping ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Theoretical Issues

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper addresses a historical issue in Brazil that is that topographic mapping has been performed without application of the theories of cartography to local reality. With the lack of research on this subject, the rules and standards for topographic mapping in Brazil are based on solutions that have been developed in other countries. Even though topographic maps are not a frequent topic of cartographic research, as cited by Kent (2009), when the methods, techniques, and standards are imported from other countries, they are established by considering different natural, rural, and urban landscapes; different histories of land use and occupation; and different cultures. Consequently, it is essential to develop studies that address the theoretical issues of topographic mapping and to verify their suitability to Brazilian reality, considering the geographical aspects that must be represented in topographic mapping. Such a foundation of scientific knowledge is essential to producing solutions that are adapted to the environmental conditions and needs of Brazilian users and society.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of Switchgrass-Based Bioenergy Supply Using GIS-Based Fuzzy Logic and Network Optimization in Missouri (U.S.A.)

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4516
Author(s):  
Huynh Truong Gia Nguyen ◽  
Erik Lyttek ◽  
Pankaj Lal ◽  
Taylor Wieczerak ◽  
Pralhad Burli
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Network Optimization ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Bioenergy has been globally recognized as one of the sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. An assured supply of biomass feedstocks is a crucial bottleneck for the bioenergy industry emanating from uncertainties in land-use changes and future prices. Analytical approaches deriving from geographical information systems (GIS)-based analysis, mathematical modeling, optimization analyses, and empirical techniques have been widely used to evaluate the potential for bioenergy feedstock. In this study, we propose a three-phase methodology integrating fuzzy logic, network optimization, and ecosystem services assessment to estimate potential bioenergy supply. The fuzzy logic analysis uses multiple spatial criteria to identify suitable biomass cultivating regions. We extract spatial information based on favorable conditions and potential constraints, such as developed urban areas and croplands. Further, the network analysis uses the road network and existing biorefineries to evaluate feedstock production locations. Our analysis extends previous studies by incorporating biodiversity and ecologically sensitive areas into the analysis, as well as incorporating ecosystem service benefits as an additional driver for adoption, ensuring that biomass cultivation will minimize the negative consequences of large-scale land-use change. We apply the concept of assessing the potential for switchgrass-based bioenergy in Missouri to the proposed methodology.

scholarly journals Applications of GIS and Very High-Resolution RS Data for Urban Land Use Change Studies in Mongolia

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Amarsaikhan ◽  
V. Battsengel ◽  
E. Egshiglen ◽  
R. Gantuya ◽  
D. Enkhjargal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Topographic Map

The aim of this study is to analyze the urban land use changes occurred in the central part of Ulaanbaatar, the capital city of Mongolia, from 1930 to 2008 with a 10-year interval using geographical information system (GIS) and very high-resolution remote sensing (RS) data sets. As data sources, a large-scale topographic map, panchromatic and multispectral Quickbird images, and TerraSAR synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are used. The primary urban land use database is developed using the topographic map of the study area and historical data about buildings. To extract updated land use information from the RS images, Quickbird and TerraSAR images are fused. For the fusion, ordinary and special image fusion techniques are used and the results are compared. For the final land use change analysis and RS image processing, ArcGIS and Erdas imagine systems installed in a PC environment are used. Overall, the study demonstrates that within the last few decades the central part of Ulaanbaatar city is urbanized very rapidly and became very dense.

scholarly journals Social Media Reveals Urban-Rural Differences in Stress across China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Cui ◽  
Tingdan Zhang ◽  
Dandan Pang ◽  
Kokil Jaidka ◽  
Garrick Sherman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Sources

Modeling differential stress expressions in urban and rural regions in China can provide a better understanding of the effects of urbanization on psychological well-being in a country that has rapidly grown economically in the last two decades. This paper studies linguistic differences in the experiences and expressions of stress in urban-rural China from Weibo posts from over 65,000 users across 329 counties using hierarchical mixed-effects models. We analyzed phrases, topical themes, and psycho-linguistic word choices in Weibo posts mentioning stress to better understand appraisal differences surrounding psychological stress in urban and rural communities in China; we then compared them with large-scale polls from Gallup. After controlling for socioeconomic and gender differences, we found that rural communities tend to express stress in emotional and personal themes such as relationships, health, and opportunity while users in urban areas express stress using relative, temporal, and external themes such as work, politics, and economics. These differences exist beyond controlling for GDP and urbanization, indicating a fundamentally different lifestyle between rural and urban residents in very specific environments, arguably having different sources of stress. We found corroborative trends in physical, financial, and social wellness with urbanization in Gallup polls.

scholarly journals A review of studies involving the effect of land cover and land use on the urban heat island phenomenon, assessed by means of the MUKLIMO model

Geografie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Feranec ◽  
Monika Kopecká ◽  
Daniel Szatmári ◽  
Juraj Holec ◽  
Pavel Šťastný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Urban Heat

The urban heat island phenomenon occurs in urban areas. It is characterized by increased temperature of both the air and ground surface, compared to the surrounding rural landscape, and is a typical feature of the urban climate. As this phenomenon may affect quality of life in the cities, a variety of scientific studies have been carried out. The article provides a review and evaluation of selected published studies devoted to the issue of the urban heat island, from the point of view of the application of land cover and land use data in the 3-dimensional microscale urban model. Part of the review brings into focus the MUKLIMO model, which computes the atmospheric conditions in urban landscapes and predicts thermal and other climatic characteristics. Evaluated studies confirmed the correlation between the land cover/land use classes and occurrence of the urban heat islands, i.e. a higher percentage of impermeable surfaces within the urban heat island causes more intensive thermal manifestation. The urban heat island effect diminishes when there are less impermeable surfaces and a greater representation of urban greenery in land cover/land use classes.

scholarly journals Quality assessment of DEM derived from topographic maps for geomorphometric purposes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 843-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Szypuła
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Gps Rtk ◽  
Lidar Dem ◽  
Fine Resolution

Abstract Digital elevation models (DEMs) play a significant role in geomorphological research. For geomorphologists reconstructing landform and drainage structure is frequently as important as elevation accuracy. Consequently, large-scale topographic maps (with contours, height points and watercourses) constitute excellent material for creating models (here called Topo-DEM) in fine resolution. The purpose of the conducted analyses was to assess the quality of Topo-DEM against freely-available global DEMs and then to compare it with a reference model derived from laser scanning (LiDAR-DEM). The analysis also involved derivative maps of geomorphometric parameters (local relief, slope, curvature, aspect) generated on the basis of Topo-DEM and LiDAR-DEM. Moreover, comparative classification of landforms was carried out. It was indicated that Topo-DEM is characterised by good elevation accuracy (RMSE <2 m) and reflects the topography of the analyzed area surprisingly well. Additionally, statistical and percentage metrics confirm that it is possible to generate a DEM with very good quality parameters on the basis of a large-scale topographic map (1:10,000): elevation differences between Topo-DEM and: 1) topographic map amounted from−1.68 to +2.06 m,MAEis 0.10 m, RMSE 0.16 m; 2) LiDAR-DEM (MAE 1.13 m, RMSE 1.69 m, SD 1.83 m); 3) GPS RTK measurements amounted from−3.6 to +3.01 m, MAE is 0.72 m, RMSE 0.97 m, SD 0.97 m. For an area of several dozen km2 Topo-DEM with 10×10 m resolution proved more efficient than detailed (1×1 m) LiDAR-DEM.

Incidental impacts from major road construction on one of Asia’s most important wetlands: the Inner Gulf of Thailand

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naruemon Tantipisanuh ◽  
George A. Gale ◽  
Philip D. Round
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Gulf Of Thailand ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Salt Pans

Large-scale infrastructure development projects can have devastating impacts upon biodiversity. We investigated the impacts of roads on land-use change in a coastal area of South-east Asia, an area of high biodiversity subject to intense human pressure. The objectives of this study were (1) to examine impacts of major roads on rates of land-use change and habitat conversion in and around the Inner Gulf of Thailand, a large wetland of international importance; and (2) to evaluate the conversion rate of salt-pans (a critical habitat for several species of threatened shorebirds) between 1990 and 2011. Nine land-use types were categorised into two groups: seminatural and human-dominated. Proportions of each land-use type at different distances from major roads were determined using GIS data. More than 40% of the area was used for aquaculture during the entire study period. The amount of seminatural habitats was positively correlated with distance from major roads. Agriculture and urban areas showed the greatest changes in area (decreasing and increasing, respectively). Habitats that changed from seminatural to human-dominated were negatively correlated with distance from major roads. Most of the converted salt-pans were lost to aquaculture. To protect important wetlands from further biodiversity loss: (1) new major road construction should be avoided or minimised; and (2) land-use strategies that both satisfy short-term human needs and maintain ecosystem capacity to provide services in the long term should be adopted.

scholarly journals LAND USE CLASSIFICATION USING DEEP MULTITASK NETWORKS

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
J. R. Bergado ◽  
C. Persello ◽  
A. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Classification Task ◽  
Land Use Classification ◽  
Convolutional Network

Abstract. Updated information on urban land use allows city planners and decision makers to conduct large scale monitoring of urban areas for sustainable urban growth. Remote sensing data and classification methods offer an efficient and reliable way to update such land use maps. Features extracted from land cover maps are helpful on performing a land use classification task. Such prior information can be embedded in the design of a deep learning based land use classifier by applying a multitask learning setup—simultaneously solving a land use and a land cover classification task. In this study, we explore a fully convolutional multitask network to classify urban land use from very high resolution (VHR) imagery. We experimented with three different setups of the fully convolutional network and compared it against a baseline random forest classifier. The first setup is a standard network only predicting the land use class of each pixel in the image. The second setup is a multitask network that concatenates the land use and land cover class labels in the same output layer of the network while the other setup accept as an input the land cover predictions, predicted by a subpart of the network, concatenated to the original input image patches. The two deep multitask networks outperforms the other two classifiers by at least 30% in average F1-score.

scholarly journals Using urban morphology for flood risk in residential areas in Ho Chi Minh city

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Hoa Thanh Le ◽  
Chau Thi Phuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Residential Density ◽  
Urban Center ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The City

Urban morphology in urban studies is used to classify and manage the distribution of urban densities. In urban planning, it helps to identify the emerging problems and solve the disorder of urban functions as in the megacity of Ho Chi Minh City. Rapid urbanization has increased the development footprint with disordered densities of building footprint, incomplete infrastructure and urban - peripheral instability. And it, then, caused more flood problems to the city. This study was based on applying fractal geometry, GIS on large-scale maps for identifying residential density based on urban morphology. The land-use map and the building footprints map of 2010 were integrated in fractal geometry to analyze the distribution of urban areas by the large scale of GIS data. This study showed HCMC had problems on irrational development in residential densities areas; and uneven development of population and residential density between the urban areas. At block scale of land-use block, in urban center had highest densities of building footprints and population, then, the medium densities in developing districts and rural-sub-districts. With these densities, there was more flood in high density areas, as in urban center, and less flood in lower density areas, as in sub-urban areas. These problems may cause some limitations to development of social, commercial, industrial, and infrastructure in HCMC. City needs to have flood control and management for development of the city.

scholarly journals Network structure of adolescent well-being traits: Results from a Large-Scale Chinese sample

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Zeng ◽  
Kaiping Peng ◽  
Chuan-Peng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background. The mental health and well-being of adolescents are becoming increasingly important globally. Understanding the relationship between different aspects of well-being is crucial for effective interventions of the well-being of adolescents. The present study aims to analyze the network structure of adolescent well-being and identify the central well-being traits. Methods. We used a network model to analyze the network structure of a psychometrically sound measurement of adolescent well-being ---- the engagement, perseverance, optimism, connectedness, and happiness (EPOCH) scale. The dataset comes from a representative sample of Chinese adolescents (17, 854 participants from rural and urban areas from Southern, Northern, and the middle part of China). Results. The twenty items of EPOCH formed a highly interconnected network. The item H4 (“I am a cheerful person.”), E2 (“I get completely absorbed in what I am doing”), and O4 (“I believe that things will work out, no matter how difficult they seem”) were the most central traits. Conclusions. Cheerfulness, engagement in current activity and optimism for the future are most central to the psychological well-being of Chinese adolescents. Future studies should further test the dynamics between these central traits and other well-being traits to find effective interventions of well-being of adolescents.

scholarly journals USO DA TERRA E QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL URBANA: UMA PROPOSTA DE LEGENDA PARA MAPEAMENTO

GEOgraphia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (46) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
João Carlos Nucci ◽  
Simone Valaski ◽  
Laura Freire Estêvez ◽  
Emerson Luis Tonetti
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Land Use Classification ◽  
Land Usage ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
High Degree

Resumo: A paisagem urbana apresenta uma variedade de estruturas e dinâmicas fortemente determinadas pelo uso e pela cobertura da terra, constituintes fundamentais na definição da qualidade ambiental urbana. O ordenamento do uso da terra, nas zonas urbanas, é fornecido principalmente pelas leis municipais de uso e ocupação do solo, que apresentam alto grau de complexidade dificultando a participação popular nas decisões de planejamento. O trabalho apresenta uma proposta de hierarquização dos usos da terra conforme suas potencialidades em aumentar ou diminuir a qualidade ambiental. Foram utilizadas revisão de bibliografia e legislação de zoneamento urbano como subsídios para as inferências sobre a qualidade ambiental relacionada a cada uso da terra. As centenas de diferentes usos da terra, identificados nas leis de zoneamento urbano, foram organizados na forma de uma legenda, para mapeamento em escala do lote, constituída por 15 níveis de qualidade ambiental, conforme as características de uso e de porte do estabelecimento. A legenda proposta fornece importante subsídio para o mapeamento da qualidade ambiental urbana e para a participação popular no planejamento, já que simplifica o tratamento complexo encontrado na legislação de zoneamento urbano.Palavras-chave: Planejamento da Paisagem. Ecologia Urbana. Classificação dos usos da terra. LAND USAGE AND URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: A PROPOSAL FOR A MAPPING KEY.Abstract: Urban landscapes feature a variety of structures and dynamics strongly determined by the land use and coverage, fundamental components of the urban environmental quality definition. The disposition of land use in urban areas is established, mainly, by Municipal Laws on the land use and occupation, which present a high degree of complexity, making difficult the people’s participation in the planning decisions. This work brings forward a proposal for the creation of a hierarchy for the land uses, based on its potential to increase or decrease the environmental quality. We did a bibliography and urban zoning legislation review as a subsidy for the inferences about the environmental quality related to each land use. The hundreds of land uses identified in the urban zoning legislation were organized under the format of a “key” for a scaled mapping of the plot, distributed through 15 environmental quality levels, depending on the usage characteristics and size of the establishment. The proposed “key” gives an important subsidy to the mapping of the urban environmental quality and the people’s participation in the planning, since it simplifies the complexity of the approach found in the urban zoning legislation.Keywords: Landscape Planning. Urban Ecology. Land Use Classification. USO DE LA TIERRA Y CALIDAD AMBIENTAL URBANA: UNA PROPUESTA DE LEYENDA DE MAPEORsumem: El paisaje urbano presenta una variedad de estructuras y dinámicas fuertemente determinadas por el uso y la cobertura del suelo, componentes fundamentales en la definición de la calidad ambiental urbana. La planificación del uso del suelo en las zonas urbanas se realiza principalmente por las leyes municipales de uso y ocupación del suelo, que son muy complejas y dificultan la participación popular en las decisiones de planificación. El documento presenta una propuesta de jerarquización de los usos de la tierra de acuerdo con su potencial para aumentar o disminuir la calidad ambiental. La revisión bibliográfica y la legislación de zonificación urbana se utilizaron para respaldar las inferencias sobre la calidad ambiental relacionada con cada uso de la tierra. Los cientos de diferentes usos del suelo identificados en las leyes de zonificación urbana se organizaron en forma de un subtítulo para mapear la escala de la parcela, que consta de 15 niveles de calidad ambiental, de acuerdo con las características de uso y tamaño del establecimiento. El subtítulo propuesto proporciona información importante para mapear la calidad ambiental urbana y la participación popular en la planificación, ya que simplifica el tratamiento complejo que se encuentra en la legislación de zonificación urbana.Palabras clave:  Planificación del paisaje. Ecología urbana. Clasificación de usos del suelo.

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