Increasing soil organic carbon stocks in croplands: a multi-modelling analysis evaluating the carbon inputs required to maintain and increase soil organic carbon stocks in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Bruni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soc Stocks

<p>Soils represent the largest terrestrial reservoir of organic carbon on land and have the ability to sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks also improves soil fertility, water holding capacity and prevents erosion. Maintaining SOC stocks is particularly relevant in agricultural soils, where they have been depleted through historical land use. Simulation models representing the dynamics of carbon in the soil are used for predicting the impact of future climate change on SOC dynamics. It is necessary to reduce the uncertainties related to SOC predictions and increase confidence on long-term model simulations. Multi-modeling simulations allow predicting the evolution of SOC stocks, while estimating the uncertainty related to different modeling approaches.</p> <p>In this study, we used a multi-modeling ensemble (ICBM, AMG, RothC and Century) to estimate the amount of carbon inputs required to maintain and increase SOC stocks in 17 agricultural experiments around Europe. Models were run once without calibration and once fitting SOC stocks to long-term observations though parameters’ optimization. Outputs were significantly different among the models and, although no effect of the optimization was found, we observed a significant interaction effect between models and parameters’ optimization. We found that maintaining and increasing SOC stocks is realistic for some experimental conditions, but might be hard to implement at a larger scale.</p>

Impacts of fire on soil organic carbon stocks in a grazed semi-arid tropical Australian savanna: accounting for landscape variability

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Allen ◽  
P. M. Bloesch ◽  
R. A. Cowley ◽  
T. G. Orton ◽  
J. E. Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Soc Stocks

Fire and grazing are commonplace in Australian tropical savannas and the effects of these management practices on soil organic carbon stocks (SOC) is not well understood. A long-term (20 years) experiment studying the effects of fire on a grazed semi-arid tropical savanna was used to increase this understanding. Treatments, including frequency of fire (every 2, 4 and 6 years), season of fire [early (June) vs late (October) dry season] and unburnt control plots, were imposed on Vertosol grassland and Calcarosol woodland sites, which were grazed. Additionally long-term enclosures [unburnt (except the Calcarosol in 2001) and ungrazed since 1973] on each soil type adjacent to each site were sampled, although not included in statistical analyses. SOC stocks were measured to a soil depth of 0.3 m using a wet oxidation method (to avoid interference by carbonates) and compared on an equivalent soil mass basis. Significant treatment differences in SOC stocks were tested for, while accounting for spatial background variation within each site. SOC stocks (0–0.3 m soil depth) ranged between 10.1 and 28.9 t ha–1 (Vertosol site) and 20.7 and 54.9 t ha–1 (Calcarosol site). There were no consistent effects of frequency or season of fire on SOC stocks, possibly reflecting the limited statistical power of the study and inherent spatial variability observed. Differences in the response to frequency and season of fire observed between these soils may have been due to differences in clay type, plant species composition and/or preferential grazing activity associated with fire management. There may also have been differences in C input between treatments and sites due to differences in the herbage mass and post-fire grazing activity on both sites and changed pasture composition, higher herbage fuel load, and a reduction in woody cover on the Vertosol site. This study demonstrated the importance of accounting for background spatial variability and treatment replication (in the absence of baseline values) when assessing SOC stocks in relation to management practices. Given the absence of baseline SOC values and the potentially long period required to obtain changes in SOC in rangelands, modelling of turnover of SOC in relation to background spatial variability would enable management scenarios to be considered in relation to landscape variation that may be unrelated to management. These considerations are important for reducing uncertainty in C-flux accounting and to provide accurate and cost-effective methods for land managers considering participation in the C economy.

scholarly journals What is the impact of human wastewater biosolids (sewage sludge) application on long-term soil carbon sequestration rates? A systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike J. Badzmierowski ◽  
Gregory K. Evanylo ◽  
W. Lee Daniels ◽  
Kathryn C. Haering
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Human wastewater biosolids, hereafter referred to as biosolids, are produced in significant quantities around the world and often applied to an extensive land mass including agricultural fields, forests, mine lands, and urban areas. Land-application of biosolids has been reported in peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed work to change soil organic carbon stocks in varying amounts. Determining the potential of soil organic carbon (SOC) stock change and sequestration from biosolids land application is critical for biosolids producers and users to gain access to carbon credit markets. Our review question is, "what is the impact of biosolids application on long-term soil carbon sequestration rates?” We look to explore this main question with the follow-up, "does biosolids processing methods and characteristics, application method, soil properties, land management and other modifiers affect rates of carbon accumulation from land-applied biosolids?" Methods Searches will be conducted using online databases (i.e., Web of Science Core Collection, CAB Abstracts, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global), search engines (Google Scholar and Microsoft Academic), and specialist websites to find primary field studies and grey literature of biosolids land-application effects on soil organic carbon stocks. We will use English search terms and predefined inclusion criteria of: (1) a field study of at least 24 months that reports soil organic carbon/matter (SOC/SOM) concentrations/stocks; (2) has two types of treatments: (i) a control (non-intervention AND/OR synthetic fertilizer) AND (ii) a biosolids-based amendment; and (3) information of amendment properties and application dates and rates to estimate the relative contribution of the applied materials to SOC changes. We will screen results in two stages: (1) title and abstract and (2) full text. A 10% subset will be screened by two reviewers for inclusion at the title and abstract level and use a kappa analysis to ensure agreement of at least 0.61. All results in the full text stage will be dual screened. Data will be extracted by one person and reviewed by a second person. Critical appraisal will be used to assess studies’ potential bias and done by two reviewers. A meta-analysis using random effects models will be conducted if sufficient data of high enough quality are extracted.

scholarly journals Additional carbon inputs to reach a 4 per 1000 objective in Europe: feasibility and projected impacts of climate change based on Century simulations of long-term arable experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Bruni ◽  
Bertrand Guenet ◽  
Yuanyuan Huang ◽  
Hugues Clivot ◽  
Iñigo Virto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract. The 4 per 1000 initiative aims to promote better agricultural practices to maintain and increase soil organic carbon stocks for soil fertility, food security and climate change adaptation and mitigation. The most straightforward way to enhance soil organic carbon stocks is to increase carbon inputs to the soil. In this study, we assessed the amount of organic carbon inputs that are necessary to reach a target of soil organic carbon stocks increase by 4 ‰ per year on average, for 30 years. We used the Century model to simulate soil organic carbon stocks in 14 European long-term agricultural experiments and assessed the required level of carbon inputs increase to reach the 4 per 1000 target. Initial simulated stocks were computed analytically assuming steady state. We compared modelled carbon inputs to different treatments of additional carbon used on the experimental sites (exogenous organic matter addition and one treatment with different crop rotations). We then analyzed how this would change under future scenarios of temperature increase. The model was calibrated to fit the control plot, i.e. conventional management without additional carbon inputs, and was able to reproduce the SOC stocks dynamics. We found that, on average among the selected experimental sites, annual carbon inputs will have to increase by 43.15 ± 5.05 %, which is 0.66 ± 0.23 MgC ha−1 per year (mean ± standard error), with respect to the control situation. The simulated amount of carbon inputs required to reach the 4 ‰ SOC increase was lower or similar to the amount of carbon inputs actually used in the majority of the additional carbon input treatments of the long-term experiments. However, Century might be overestimating the effect of additional C inputs on the variation of SOC stocks in some sites, since we found that treatments with additional carbon inputs were increasing by 0.25 % on average among the experimental sites. We showed that the modeled carbon inputs required to reach the target depended linearly on the initial SOC stocks. We estimated that annual carbon inputs would have to increase further due to temperature increase effect on decomposition rates, that is 54 % for a 1 °C warming and 120 % for a 5 °C warming.

Long-term effect of sediment laden Yellow River irrigation water on soil organic carbon stocks in Ningxia, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 148-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Dong ◽  
Dongsheng Yu ◽  
Haidong Zhang ◽  
Mingli Zhang ◽  
Wenhao Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
Long Term Effect

scholarly journals Modelling and mapping soil organic carbon stocks under future climate change in south-eastern Australia

Geoderma ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 405 ◽  
pp. 115442
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Jonathan M. Gray ◽  
Cathy M. Waters ◽  
Muhuddin Rajin Anwar ◽  
Susan E. Orgill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

scholarly journals Forest Soil Organic Carbon Stocks of Tessala Mount in North-West Algeria-Preliminary Estimates

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Djemel Merabtene ◽  
Fatiha Faraoun ◽  
Rawan Mlih ◽  
Riad Djellouli ◽  
Ali Latreche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks ◽  
Organic Carbon Stock ◽  
Geographical Characteristics ◽  
Soc Stocks

Mountainous forests in Algeria are severely affected by climate change. The degradation is exacerbated by overgrazing, deforestation, and poor land management linked to the harsh topographical conditions of the mountain agrosystem. These conditions have influenced the turnover of the soil organic matter and thus the SOC stocks storage. This study aims to investigate the average of organic carbon stored in forest soils of Tessala Mount in Algeria and to examine the influence of different plant formations alongside with geographical characteristics and soil physicochemical properties on the amount of carbon stored in the soil. We estimated the critical threshold, the saturation point, and the organic carbon deficit of soils. The correlation between geographical characteristics and soil physicochemical properties and soil organic carbon stocks was determined using principal component analysis and other statistical tools. The results of the study show that the organic carbon stock in soils of Tessala Mount area has an average value of 77.4 t ha−1. The maximum average of SOC stocks (121 t ha−1) of 0–30 cm depth was noted under dense matorral of green and kermes oak followed by sparse garrigue with a value of 112 t ha−1. The soil organic carbon stock in Tessala region was positively correlated with coarse silt, elevation, and northern exposure, but negatively with calcium carbonates contents. The current carbon contents of Tessala topsoil are 22 g C kg−1 which is very low and closer to the critical threshold (11 g C kg−1) whose estimate was based on their clay and silt content. The estimated maximum storage capacity is 160 g C kg−1. The preliminary estimate of the forest soils organic carbon stock of Tessala Mount under current natural conditions indicates an alarming situation with a low rate close to the critical threshold, thus exposing this area to further and stronger degradation.

scholarly journals Differential long-term effects of climate change and management on stocks and distribution of soil organic carbon in productive grasslands

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1055-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. G. De Bruijn ◽  
P. Calanca ◽  
C. Ammann ◽  
J. Fuhrer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract. We studied the impact of climate change on the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in productive grassland systems undergoing two types of management, an intensive type with frequent harvests and fertilizer applications and an extensive system where fertilization is omitted and harvests are fewer. The Oensingen Grassland Model was explicitly developed for this study. It was calibrated using measurements taken in a recently established permanent sward in Central Switzerland, and run to simulate SOC dynamics over 2001–2100 under three climate change scenarios assuming different elements of IPCC A2 emission scenarios. We found that: (1) management intensity dominates SOC until approximately 20 yr after grassland establishment. Differences in SOC between climate scenarios become significant after 20 yr and climate effects dominate SOC dynamics from approximately 50 yr after establishment, (2) carbon supplied through manure contributes about 60% to measured organic C increase in fertilized grassland. (3) Soil C accumulates particularly in the top 10 cm soil until 5 yr after establishment. In the long-term, C accumulation takes place in the top 15 cm of the soil profile, while C content decreases below this depth. The transitional depth between gains and losses of C mainly depends on the vertical distribution of root senescence and root biomass. We discuss the importance of previous land use on carbon sequestration potentials that are much lower at the Oensingen site under ley-arable rotation and with much higher SOC stocks than most soils under arable crops. We further discuss the importance of biomass senescence rates, because C balance estimations indicate that these may differ considerably between the two management systems.

scholarly journals Differential long-term effects of climate change and management on stocks and distribution of soil organic carbon in productive grasslands

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1997-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. G. De Bruijn ◽  
P. Calanca ◽  
C. Ammann ◽  
J. Fuhrer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract. We studied the impact of climate change on the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in productive grassland systems undergoing two types of management, an intensive type with frequent harvests and fertilizer applications and an extensive system without fertilization and fewer harvests. Simulations were conducted with a dedicated newly developed model, the Oensingen Grassland Model. It was calibrated using measurements taken in a recently established permanent sward in Central Switzerland, and run to simulate SOC dynamics over 2001–2100 under various climate change scenarios assuming different elements of IPCC A2 emission scenarios. We found that: (1) management intensity dominates SOC until approximately 20 years after grassland establishment. Differences in SOC between climate scenarios become significant after 20 years and climate effects dominate SOC dynamics from approximately 50 years after establishment. (2) Carbon supplied through manure contributes about 60 % to measured organic C increase in fertilized grassland. (3) Soil C accumulates particularly in the top 10 cm of the soil until 5 years after establishment. In the long-term, C accumulation takes place in the top 15 cm of the soil profile, while C content decreases below this depth. The transitional depth between gains and losses of C mainly depends on the vertical distribution of root senescence and root biomass. We discuss the importance of previous land use on carbon sequestration potentials that are much lower at the Oensingen site under ley-arable rotation with much higher SOC stocks than most soils under arable crops. We further discuss the importance of biomass senescence rates, because C balance estimations indicate that these may differ considerably between the two management systems.

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