HELIOS: A MULTI-PURPOSE LIDAR SIMULATION FRAMEWORK FOR RESEARCH, PLANNING AND TRAINING OF LASER SCANNING OPERATIONS WITH AIRBORNE, GROUND-BASED MOBILE AND STATIONARY PLATFORMS

In many technical domains of modern society, there is a growing demand for fast, precise and automatic acquisition of digital 3D models of a wide variety of physical objects and environments. Laser scanning is a popular and widely used technology to cover this demand, but it is also expensive and complex to use to its full potential. However, there might exist scenarios where the operation of a real laser scanner could be replaced by a computer simulation, in order to save time and costs. This includes scenarios like teaching and training of laser scanning, development of new scanner hardware and scanning methods, or generation of artificial scan data sets to support the development of point cloud processing and analysis algorithms. To test the feasibility of this idea, we have developed a highly flexible laser scanning simulation framework named Heidelberg LiDAR Operations Simulator (HELIOS). HELIOS is implemented as a Java library and split up into a core component and multiple extension modules. Extensible Markup Language (XML) is used to define scanner, platform and scene models and to configure the behaviour of modules. Modules were developed and implemented for (1) loading of simulation assets and configuration (i.e. 3D scene models, scanner definitions, survey descriptions etc.), (2) playback of XML survey descriptions, (3) TLS survey planning (i.e. automatic computation of recommended scanning positions) and (4) interactive real-time 3D visualization of simulated surveys. As a proof of concept, we show the results of two experiments: First, a survey planning test in a scene that was specifically created to evaluate the quality of the survey planning algorithm. Second, a simulated TLS scan of a crop field in a precision farming scenario. The results show that HELIOS fulfills its design goals.

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Documentación 3D para la conservación del patrimonio histórico: el castillo de Priego de Córdoba

Virtual Archaeology Review ◽

10.4995/var.2021.13671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Diego Francisco García-Molina ◽

Ramón González-Merino ◽

Jesús Rodero-Pérez ◽

Bartolomé Carrasco-Hurtado

Keyword(s):

Local Governments ◽

Point Cloud ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Digital Preservation ◽

3D Models ◽

City Council ◽

Heritage Management ◽

Technological Advances ◽

The 19Th Century

One of the main objectives of heritage management policies is to promote measures aimed at the maintenance, restoration and enhancement of cultural and archaeological assets. To guarantee this, the responsible institutions must promote actions for the dissemination and transference of cultural heritage, as well as promoting actions with the greatest possible rigour, developing scientific and technical studies that support and improve intervention methods. Recent technological advances in fields such as photogrammetry, digital terrestrial scanning and 3D modelling have made a significant contribution to the digital preservation and dissemination of architectural heritage.European administrations, in their desire of regional development, as well as the central or local governments have notably boosted the recovery of their rich and diverse heritage. A particular case is Priego de Cordoba’s Castle, a stronghold which was one of the most important monumental icons of the Andalusian period.Currently, this site is the main target of many architectural interventions and a model due to the implementation of last generation techniques in digital preservation. The local archaeological department promotes a large number of interventions and archaeological excavations. This has made a priority to get a qualitative geometrical 3D documentation, and therefore a constantly updated the point cloud (xyzRGB).This paper is focussed on presenting the results of the digital preservation process through 2D planimetry obtained from photogrammetric technics, 3D models, and geospatial data. These techniques are a previous step to large architectonical intervention planned in Priego de Cordoba’s Castle, in particular, the identified structures as Wall 1 and Tower 1.Two out of the three studied structures can be found in Wall 1. They correspond to a cobblestone pavement located in the rampart of the Wall 1, which is a post-medieval period; a double-stepped semi-underground path, excavated in the infill of the wall. The third structure studied in this paper consists of a well, which drills vertically the infill of the wall of the Tower 1. This feature is interpreted in the last research as a vertical well to place the weights of the clock sited in this tower until the 19th century.This work combines two techniques of geometric documentation to obtain a more complete point cloud. The terrestrial laser scanning, and the photogrammetry due to the higher colour performance, along with the completion of the point cloud obtained with the laser scanner. Along with this study, we will analyse the features which will better define the best technique to fit the documentation of the different structures. Their geometric characteristics, the incidence of sunlight or the accessibility will condition the use and choice of the technique.We have stated that there is software nowadays which makes it easier to access and consult the information through new computing hardware. Besides, we have highlighted the importance of knowledge and synergy from the different stakeholders implied (city council, technological centre and private companies). The final goal consists of making the society aware of the capital importance of digital preservation as well as dissemination of science.

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3D MODELS OF OBJECTS IN PROCESS OF RECONSTRUCTION

САВРЕМЕНА ТЕОРИЈА И ПРАКСА У ГРАДИТЕЉСТВУ ◽

10.7251/stp1813283r ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jovana Radović

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Laser System ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽

3D Models ◽

Terrestrial Laser Scanner ◽

Accurate Data ◽

Final Model ◽

Airborne Laser

Within the last years terrestrial and airborne laser scanning has become a powerful technique for fast and efficient three-dimensional data acquisition of different kinds of objects. Airborne laser system (LiDAR) collects accurate georeferenced data of extremely large areas very quickly while the terrestrial laser scanner produces dense and geometrically accurate data. The combination of these two segments of laser scanning provides different areas of application. One of the applications is in the process of reconstruction of objects. Objects recorded with laser scanning technology and transferred into the final model represent the basis for building an object as it was original. In this paper, there will be shown two case studies based on usage of airborne and terrestrial laser scanning and processing of the data collected by them.

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Use of a Wearable Mobile Laser System in Seamless Indoor 3D Mapping of a Complex Historical Site

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs10121897 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1897 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Andrea di Filippo ◽

Luis Sánchez-Aparicio ◽

Salvatore Barba ◽

José Martín-Jiménez ◽

Rocío Mora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Laser System ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽

3D Models ◽

3D Mapping ◽

Interior Space ◽

Structural Problems ◽

Heritage Building ◽

Terrestrial Photogrammetry

This paper presents an efficient solution, based on a wearable mobile laser system (WMLS), for the digitalization and modelling of a complex cultural heritage building. A procedural pipeline is formalized for the data acquisition, processing and generation of cartographic products over a XV century palace located in Segovia, Spain. The complexity, represented by an intricate interior space and by the presence of important structural problems, prevents the use of standard protocols such as those based on terrestrial photogrammetry or terrestrial laser scanning, making the WMLS the most suitable and powerful solution for the design of restoration actions. The results obtained corroborate with the robustness and accuracy of the digitalization strategy, allowing for the generation of 3D models and 2D cartographic products with the required level of quality and time needed to digitalize the area by a terrestrial laser scanner.

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Three Dimensional Modeling of Buildings Using Three Dimensional Laser Scanning Data

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.2398 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 594-597 ◽

pp. 2398-2401

Author(s):

Dong Ling Ma ◽

Jian Cui ◽

Fei Cai

Keyword(s):

Point Cloud ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

3D Visualization ◽

Cloud Model ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Models ◽

Three Dimensional Modeling ◽

Dimensional Modeling ◽

Feature Lines ◽

Point Cloud Model

This paper provides a scheme to construct three dimensional (3D) model fast using laser scanning data. In the approach, firstly, laser point cloud are scanned from different scan positions and the point cloud coming from neighbor scan stations are spliced automatically to combine a uniform point cloud model, and then feature lines are extracted through the point cloud, and the framework of the building are extracted to generate 3D models. At last, a conclusion can be drawn that 3D visualization model can be generated quickly using 3D laser scanning technology. The experiment result shows that it will bring the application model and technical advantage which traditional mapping way can not have.

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Applicability Assessments of Close-Range Photogrammetry for Slope Face 3D Modelling

Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.13170/aijst.8.3.14650 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 143-150

Author(s):

Haqul Baramsyah ◽

Less Rich

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

3D Model ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Cost Effective ◽

3D Models ◽

Digital Photogrammetry ◽

Aerial Photogrammetry ◽

3D Data ◽

Image Capturing ◽

Close Range

The digital single lens reflex (DSLR) cameras have been widely accepted to use in slope face photogrammetry rather than the expensive metric camera used for aerial photogrammetry. 3D models generated from digital photogrammetry can approach those generated from terrestrial laser scanning in term of scale and level of detail. It is cost effective and has equipment portability. This paper presents and discusses the applicability of close-range digital photogrammetry to produce 3D models of rock slope faces. Five experiments of image capturing method were conducted to capture the photographs as the input data for processing. As a consideration, the appropriate baseline lengths to capture the slope face to get better result are around 1/6 to 1/8 of target distance. A fine quality of 3D model from data processing is obtained using strip method and convergent method with 80% overlapping in each photograph. A random camera positions with different distances from the slope face can also generate a good 3D model, however the entire target should be captured in each photograph. The accuracy of the models is generated by comparing the 3D models produced from photogrammetry with the 3D data obtained from laser scanner. The accuracy of 3D models is quite satisfactory with the mean error range from 0.008 to 0.018 m.

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3D MODELLING AND INTERACTIVE WEB-BASED VISUALIZATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-297-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol XLI-B5 ◽

pp. 297-303

Author(s):

M. N. Koeva

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

3D Visualization ◽

3D Models ◽

3D Modelling ◽

Specific Information ◽

Web Based ◽

Additional Information ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Panoramic Images

Nowadays, there are rapid developments in the fields of photogrammetry, laser scanning, computer vision and robotics, together aiming to provide highly accurate 3D data that is useful for various applications. In recent years, various LiDAR and image-based techniques have been investigated for 3D modelling because of their opportunities for fast and accurate model generation. For cultural heritage preservation and the representation of objects that are important for tourism and their interactive visualization, 3D models are highly effective and intuitive for present-day users who have stringent requirements and high expectations. Depending on the complexity of the objects for the specific case, various technological methods can be applied. The selected objects in this particular research are located in Bulgaria – a country with thousands of years of history and cultural heritage dating back to ancient civilizations. \this motivates the preservation, visualisation and recreation of undoubtedly valuable historical and architectural objects and places, which has always been a serious challenge for specialists in the field of cultural heritage. In the present research, comparative analyses regarding principles and technological processes needed for 3D modelling and visualization are presented. The recent problems, efforts and developments in interactive representation of precious objects and places in Bulgaria are presented. Three technologies based on real projects are described: (1) image-based modelling using a non-metric hand-held camera; (2) 3D visualization based on spherical panoramic images; (3) and 3D geometric and photorealistic modelling based on architectural CAD drawings. Their suitability for web-based visualization are demonstrated and compared. Moreover the possibilities for integration with additional information such as interactive maps, satellite imagery, sound, video and specific information for the objects are described. This comparative study discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these three approaches and their integration in multiple domains, such as web-based 3D city modelling, tourism and architectural 3D visualization. It was concluded that image-based modelling and panoramic visualisation are simple, fast and effective techniques suitable for simultaneous virtual representation of many objects. However, additional measurements or CAD information will be beneficial for obtaining higher accuracy.

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Realization of the 3D Simulation Model of the Hui-Quan Substation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.529.195 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 529 ◽

pp. 195-199

Author(s):

Qiu Long Liu ◽

Wu Sheng Hu

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

3D Visualization ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Target Surface ◽

Spatial Location ◽

Dynamic Visualization ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Object A

3D (three-dimensional) laser scanning can be used to collect spatial location of points rapidly and abundantly, and obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the target surface, which provides new technical means for the rapid creation of three-dimensional image model of the object. A three-dimensional modeling study on spatial object was carried out using the spatial data captured via ground-based 3D laser scanner in the Hui-Quan substation. The experiment result shows that rapid 3D visualization modeling on buildings can be achieved via the methods and procedures mentioned above. It has solved that the traditional equipment and the measuring technique is insufficiency in the special domain. It will bring the application mode and technical advantage, which tradition mapping way can not have. A platform for three-dimensional model of the substation can be achieved for the resources, landscape, security, environmental management and other social resources of digital, networked and dynamic visualization.

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VOXEL BASED REPRESENTATION OF FULL-WAVEFORM AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER DATA FOR FORESTRY APPLICATIONS

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-755-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol XLI-B8 ◽

pp. 755-762

Author(s):

N. Stelling ◽

K. Richter

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Biomass Estimation ◽

Full Potential ◽

Scanner Data ◽

Waveform Data ◽

Geometric Transformations ◽

Full Waveform ◽

Voxel Representation ◽

Attenuation Corrected

The advantages of using airborne full-waveform laser scanner data in forest applications, e.g. for the description of the vertical vegetation structure or accurate biomass estimation, have been emphasized in many publications. To exploit the full potential offered by airborne full-waveform laser scanning data, the development of voxel based methods for data analysis is essential. In contrast to existing approaches based on the extraction of discrete 3D points by a Gaussian decomposition, it is very promising to derive the voxel attributes from the digitised waveform directly. For this purpose, the waveform data have to be transferred into a 3D voxel representation. This requires a series of radiometric and geometric transformations of the raw full-waveform laser scanner data. Thus, the paper deals with the geometric aspects and describes a processing chain from the raw waveform data to an attenuationcorrected volumetric forest stand reconstruction. The integration of attenuation-corrected waveform data into the voxel space is realised with an efficient parametric voxel traversal method operating on an octree data structure. The voxel attributes are derived from the amplitudes of the attenuation-corrected waveforms. Additionally, a new 3D filtering approach is presented to eliminate non-object voxel. Applying these methods to real full-waveform laser scanning data, a voxel based representation of a spruce was generated combining three flight strips from different viewing directions.

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3D MODELLING AND INTERACTIVE WEB-BASED VISUALIZATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-297-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol XLI-B5 ◽

pp. 297-303

Author(s):

M. N. Koeva

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

3D Visualization ◽

3D Models ◽

3D Modelling ◽

Specific Information ◽

Web Based ◽

Additional Information ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Panoramic Images

Nowadays, there are rapid developments in the fields of photogrammetry, laser scanning, computer vision and robotics, together aiming to provide highly accurate 3D data that is useful for various applications. In recent years, various LiDAR and image-based techniques have been investigated for 3D modelling because of their opportunities for fast and accurate model generation. For cultural heritage preservation and the representation of objects that are important for tourism and their interactive visualization, 3D models are highly effective and intuitive for present-day users who have stringent requirements and high expectations. Depending on the complexity of the objects for the specific case, various technological methods can be applied. The selected objects in this particular research are located in Bulgaria – a country with thousands of years of history and cultural heritage dating back to ancient civilizations. \this motivates the preservation, visualisation and recreation of undoubtedly valuable historical and architectural objects and places, which has always been a serious challenge for specialists in the field of cultural heritage. In the present research, comparative analyses regarding principles and technological processes needed for 3D modelling and visualization are presented. The recent problems, efforts and developments in interactive representation of precious objects and places in Bulgaria are presented. Three technologies based on real projects are described: (1) image-based modelling using a non-metric hand-held camera; (2) 3D visualization based on spherical panoramic images; (3) and 3D geometric and photorealistic modelling based on architectural CAD drawings. Their suitability for web-based visualization are demonstrated and compared. Moreover the possibilities for integration with additional information such as interactive maps, satellite imagery, sound, video and specific information for the objects are described. This comparative study discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these three approaches and their integration in multiple domains, such as web-based 3D city modelling, tourism and architectural 3D visualization. It was concluded that image-based modelling and panoramic visualisation are simple, fast and effective techniques suitable for simultaneous virtual representation of many objects. However, additional measurements or CAD information will be beneficial for obtaining higher accuracy.

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