scholarly journals LANDSCAPES IMPACTED BY LIGHT

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 813-820
Author(s):  
B. Arellano ◽  
J. Roca
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
First Century ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Nighttime Lights ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Per Capita

The gradual spread of urbanization, the phenomenon known under the term urban sprawl, has become one of the paradigms that have characterized the urban development since the second half of the twentieth century and early twenty-first century. However, there is no unanimous consensus about what means "urbanization". The plurality of forms of human settlement on the planet difficult to identify the urbanization processes. The arrival of electrification to nearly every corner of the planet is certainly the first and more meaningful indicator of artificialization of land. In this sense, the paper proposes a new methodology based on the analysis of the satellite image of nighttime lights designed to identify the highly impacted landscapes worldwide and to build an index of Land Impacted by Light per capita (LILpc) as an indicator of the level of urbanization. The used methodology allows the identification of different typologies of urbanized areas (villages, cities or metropolitan areas), as well as “rural”, “rurban”, “periurban” and “central” landscapes. <br><br> The study identifies 186,134 illuminated contours (urbanized areas). In one hand, 404 of these contours could be consider as real “metropolitan areas”; and in the other hand, there are 161,821 contours with less than 5,000 inhabitants, which could be identify as “villages”. Finally, the paper shows that 44.5&thinsp;% live in rural areas, 15.5&thinsp;% in rurban spaces, 26.2&thinsp;% in suburban areas and only 18.4&thinsp;% in central areas.

scholarly journals LANDSCAPES IMPACTED BY LIGHT

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 813-820
Author(s):  
B. Arellano ◽  
J. Roca
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
First Century ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Nighttime Lights ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Per Capita

The gradual spread of urbanization, the phenomenon known under the term urban sprawl, has become one of the paradigms that have characterized the urban development since the second half of the twentieth century and early twenty-first century. However, there is no unanimous consensus about what means "urbanization". The plurality of forms of human settlement on the planet difficult to identify the urbanization processes. The arrival of electrification to nearly every corner of the planet is certainly the first and more meaningful indicator of artificialization of land. In this sense, the paper proposes a new methodology based on the analysis of the satellite image of nighttime lights designed to identify the highly impacted landscapes worldwide and to build an index of Land Impacted by Light per capita (LILpc) as an indicator of the level of urbanization. The used methodology allows the identification of different typologies of urbanized areas (villages, cities or metropolitan areas), as well as “rural”, “rurban”, “periurban” and “central” landscapes. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; The study identifies 186,134 illuminated contours (urbanized areas). In one hand, 404 of these contours could be consider as real “metropolitan areas”; and in the other hand, there are 161,821 contours with less than 5,000 inhabitants, which could be identify as “villages”. Finally, the paper shows that 44.5&thinsp;% live in rural areas, 15.5&thinsp;% in rurban spaces, 26.2&thinsp;% in suburban areas and only 18.4&thinsp;% in central areas.

scholarly journals Familia, género y migración de varones tamaulipecos: dilemas generacionales

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (64) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Misael Hernández Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Migration Experiences

Resumen: Con base en los resultados de un estudio antropológico, en este trabajo se exploran las experiencias migratorias de dos generaciones de varones tamaulipecos. A partir tanto de los relatos derivados de entrevistas con algunos hombres y mujeres adultos, quienes emigraron de localidades y zonas rurales del suroeste de Tamaulipas hacia Ciudad Victoria, la capital del estado, entre 1960 y 1970, como de los de hombres jóvenes, algunos hijos de los primeros, que emigraron de dicha ciudad a Estados Unidos a inicios del siglo xxi. Aquí el argumento es que la emigración de los varones de las dos generaciones estuvo inmersa en dilemas tanto familiares como de género al cuestionarse, negociarse e incluso redefinirse la decisión de realizar la emigración interna o trasnacional. AbstractBased on the results of an anthropological study, this article explores the migration experiences of two generations of men from the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. Analysis was based on stories derived from interviews with adult men and women who migrated from towns and rural areas in southwestern Tamaulipas to the state capital of Ciudad Victoria between 1960 and 1970, as well as interviews with young men, some of whom are children of the former, who emigrated from the Ciudad Victoria to the United States in the early twenty-first century. Results show that migration of both generations of males was immersed in both familial and gender dilemmas, as the decision to migrate -either internally or transnationally- was questioned, negotiated, and even redefined.

scholarly journals Spatial trends of fertility rates in Finland between 1980 and 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Lassi Lainiala ◽  
Venla Berg
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
Spatial Trends ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Recent research has shown that in many Western countries fertility rates are highest in suburban areas and lower in urban and rural areas. Here, we illustrate the changing patterns of spatial fertility in Finland between 1980 and 2014. Fertility in Finland started conforming the high suburban pattern during the 1990’s. This interestingly predates the first large scale urban sprawl (i.e., positive net migration in suburban areas) in the first decade of the 21st century in Finland.

Abstract 11295: Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Characteristics According to Arrest Location in Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas of Denmark

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Christian Tofte Gregers ◽  
Linn Andelius ◽  
Carolina Malta Hansen ◽  
Sidsel Gamborg Møller ◽  
Christian Torp-Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Early Defibrillation ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Bystander Cpr ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Statistical Agency ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early defibrillation are two of the most important factors for survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, little is known whether bystander interventions and survival are impaired in rural areas compared to more urbanized areas in Denmark. We hypothesized that bystander interventions and survival are lower in rural areas compared to urbanized areas. Methods: We included all non-EMS witnessed OHCAs with known GPS-location in Denmark (January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019) and geocoded them according to county. All counties in Denmark were classified either as urban, suburban, or rural according to the degree of urbanization tool defined by the European Statistical Agency. Results: A total of 16,670 OHCAs were included, of which 4,555 (27%), 5,457 (33%), and 6,658 (40%) arrests occurred in urban, suburban, and rural areas respectively. The median age (73 vs. 74 vs. 73 years, p=0.003), ambulance response time (6 vs. 7 vs. 8 minutes, p<0.0001), and proportion of arrests occurring in residential areas (77 vs. 79 vs. 78%, p=0.05) differed significantly between degrees of urbanization (from high to low). Fewer OHCAs received bystander CPR in urban and suburban areas compared to rural (76 vs. 77 vs. 79%, p=0.0002). The proportion of patients defibrillated by bystanders remained equal across urbanization. However, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) (27 vs. 27 vs. 24%, p<0.0001) and 30-day survival was lower in rural areas (15 vs. 14 vs. 12, p<0.0001) (Figure 1). Conclusion: Degree of urbanization was associated with increased rates of bystander CPR in rural areas. Despite this, ROSC and 30-day survival were higher in urban and suburban areas compared to rural areas which could not be explained by cardiac arrest characteristics.

Jazz Bubble

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Chapman
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Music Culture ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
A Site

Hailed by corporate, philanthropic, and governmental organizations as a metaphor for democratic interaction and business dynamics, contemporary jazz culture has a story to tell about the relationship between political economy and social practice in the era of neoliberal capitalism. The Jazz Bubble approaches the emergence of the neoclassical jazz aesthetic since the 1980s as a powerful, if unexpected, point of departure for a wide-ranging investigation of important social trends during this period. The emergence of financialization as a key dimension of the global economy shapes a variety of aspects of contemporary jazz culture, and jazz culture comments upon this dimension in turn. During the stateside return of Dexter Gordon in the mid-1970s, the cultural turmoil of the New York fiscal crisis served as a crucial backdrop to understanding the resonance of Gordon’s appearances in the city. The financial markets directly inform the structural upheaval that major label jazz subsidiaries must navigate in the music industry of the early twenty-first century, and they inform the disruptive impact of urban redevelopment in communities that have relied upon jazz as a site of economic vibrancy. In examining these issues, The Jazz Bubble seeks to intensify conversations surrounding music, culture, and political economy.

Voters and Voting in Context

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Schoen ◽  
Sigrid Roßteutscher ◽  
Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck ◽  
Bernhard Weßels ◽  
Christof Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Theoretical Issues

After a brief review of the scholarly discussion about the idea that context affects political behavior, this chapter proposes a model for the analysis of contextual effects on opinion formation and voting behavior. It highlights theoretical issues in the interplay of various contextual features and voter predispositions in bringing about contextual effects on voters. This model guides the analyses of contextual effects on voter behavior in Germany in the early twenty-first century. These analyses draw on rich data from multiple voter surveys and various sources of information about contextual features. The chapter also gives an overview of different methodological approaches and challenges in the analysis of contextual effects on voting behavior.

Continuing Visions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Social Activism ◽  
William Blake ◽  
First Century ◽  
Ridley Scott ◽  
American Novel ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Protest Group ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Dead Man

The questions that drove Blake’s American reception, from its earliest moments in the nineteenth century through to the explosion of Blakeanism in the mid-twentieth century, did not disappear. Visions of America continued to be part of Blake’s late twentieth- and early twenty-first century American legacy. This chapter begins with the 1982 film Blade Runner, which was directed by the British Ridley Scott but had an American-authored screenplay and was based on a 1968 American novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? It moves to Jim Jarmusch’s 1995 film, Dead Man and Paul Chan’s twenty-first century social activism as part of a protest group called The Friends of William Blake, exploring common themes of democracy, freedom, limit, nationhood, and poetic shape.

Dewey and Pragmatist Feminist Philosophy

2017 ◽  
pp. 270-290
Author(s):  
Lisa Heldke
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of Education ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Feminist Epistemology ◽  
First Century ◽  
Feminist Philosophy ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth

John Dewey’s record as a feminist and an advocate of women is mixed. He valued women intellectual associates whose influences he acknowledged, but did not develop theoretical articulations of the reasons for women’s subordination and marginalization. Given his mixed record, this chapter asks, how useful is Dewey’s work as a resource for feminist philosophy? It begins with a survey of the intellectual influences that connect Dewey with a set of women family members, colleagues, and students. It then discusses Dewey’s influence on the work of late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century pragmatist feminist philosophers. Dewey’s influence has been strongest in the fields of feminist epistemology, philosophy of education, and social and political philosophy. Although pragmatist feminist philosophy remains a small field within feminist philosophy, this chapter argues that its conceptual resources could be put to further good use, particularly in feminist metaphysics, epistemology, and value theory.

scholarly journals Urban Sustainability at the Cost of Rural Unsustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5466
Author(s):  
Guangwei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Rural Sustainability ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Cost ◽  
New Framework ◽  
Japan And China

Urban sustainability refers to building and maintaining cities that can continue to function without running out of resources. However, growing cities require more land and urban sprawl has transformed surrounding rural areas into urbanized settlements. Furthermore, the prosperity of large cities depends on the supply of both natural and human resources from rural areas, either nearby or remote. On the other hand, the use of resources of rural areas by cities may cause negative externalities to rural areas, affecting their sustainability. Therefore, a critical, but very much neglected issue, is how unban sustainability should be pursued without affecting rural sustainability. In this study, cases in Japan and China were analyzed from resources and population migration perspectives to provide evidence for the possibility that urban sustainability might have been pursued at the cost of rural unsustainability. It was intended to develop a better understanding of urban sustainability through the lens of externalities. Based on the analysis, a new framework for urban sustainability study was proposed, which consists of three new pillars. Namely, externality, vulnerability, and population instability.

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