Abstract 11295: Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Characteristics According to Arrest Location in Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas of Denmark

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early defibrillation are two of the most important factors for survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, little is known whether bystander interventions and survival are impaired in rural areas compared to more urbanized areas in Denmark. We hypothesized that bystander interventions and survival are lower in rural areas compared to urbanized areas. Methods: We included all non-EMS witnessed OHCAs with known GPS-location in Denmark (January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019) and geocoded them according to county. All counties in Denmark were classified either as urban, suburban, or rural according to the degree of urbanization tool defined by the European Statistical Agency. Results: A total of 16,670 OHCAs were included, of which 4,555 (27%), 5,457 (33%), and 6,658 (40%) arrests occurred in urban, suburban, and rural areas respectively. The median age (73 vs. 74 vs. 73 years, p=0.003), ambulance response time (6 vs. 7 vs. 8 minutes, p<0.0001), and proportion of arrests occurring in residential areas (77 vs. 79 vs. 78%, p=0.05) differed significantly between degrees of urbanization (from high to low). Fewer OHCAs received bystander CPR in urban and suburban areas compared to rural (76 vs. 77 vs. 79%, p=0.0002). The proportion of patients defibrillated by bystanders remained equal across urbanization. However, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) (27 vs. 27 vs. 24%, p<0.0001) and 30-day survival was lower in rural areas (15 vs. 14 vs. 12, p<0.0001) (Figure 1). Conclusion: Degree of urbanization was associated with increased rates of bystander CPR in rural areas. Despite this, ROSC and 30-day survival were higher in urban and suburban areas compared to rural areas which could not be explained by cardiac arrest characteristics.

Daymamics of Multidimensional Food Security Measurement in Rural Ethiopia

Most studies measuring food security have used one or two of the dimensions of food security, with snapshot data at a particular point in time. Policies derived from such measurement might be misleading because of the dynamic nature of food security or insecurity in vulnerable populations. This paper presents a composite food security measure that captures the four dimensions of food security i.e., availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability over time. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the four dimensions into a single index. Data from three rounds of household-level panel data, collected by the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) of Ethiopia in collaboration with the World Bank are used to demonstrate this measurement. The aggregate food security indices result revealed that 44, 57, and 45 percent of households were food secured in 2011, 2013, and 2015 respectively. On the other hand, only 20 percent of households were food secured all the time while 67 percent of households termed as transitory food insecure since they remained food insecure at least in one of the survey periods. The rest 13 percent of households were also termed chronically food insecure since they fall short of food all the time of the study. The finding confirmed a high prevalence of multidimensionally food-insecure households in rural Ethiopia. Therefore, various food security intervention programs that enhance the four dimensions should be introduced.

Grey Forecasting of Inbound Tourism to Bali and Financial Loses from the COVID-19

Management and planning in the Indonesian tourism industry is an important matter. It involves responding to changes and uncertain conditions, especially in the tourism industry sector in Bali, Indonesia. Bali is a tourist spot that relies on foreign tourists. When a situation is not conducive, such as the COVID-19 outbreak that befell unexpectedly, proper management and planning are challenging without accurate forecasts. The current study used the Even Grey Forecasting model EGM (1,1,α,θ) to forecast the number of tourists to Bali, a famous tourist spot in Indonesia, and the approximate financial loss incurred from the pandemic in 2020 is quantified. These objectives are achieved through the data collected from the Bali statistical agency and analyzed through the grey model and some mathematical computations. The results indicated that the pandemic's impact on inbound tourism was severe, and the economy needs some time to recover. The study reported a loss of more than $7.3 billion to Bali due to the COVID-19 outbreak. It is possibly the first study of its kind, and its findings are important for the policy-makers, Tour & Travel service providers, and tourism-related businesses.

ESTIMATION OF THE ECONOMIC LOSSES POTENTIAL DUE TO UNDERWEIGHT TODDLERS IN INDONESIA IN 2013

Millions of children and adolescents in Indonesia today still show a high number of premature death in children who are moderately malnourished and severely malnourished. The research objective was to calculate the estimated economic losses potential due to underweight among toddlers in Indonesia. This was a descriptive research by analyzing secondary data of nutritional status and socio-economic indicators in 2013 from the Indonesian Ministry of Health and Central Statistical Agency. The formula to calculate potential economic loss is based on Konig’s formula (1995) and the correction factor from research by Horton (1999). The results showed that the average economic loss in 32 provinces in Indonesia is approximately IDR 93 billion – IDR 417 billion, which seen from the GRDP percentage, the economic loss due to a decrease in productivity amounted to 2% and 9% or about 0.1–0.7% of the average GRDP of the provinces in Indonesia. Nationally, economic losses due to low productivity in underweight toddlers reach IDR 3,054 billion – IDR 13,746 billion (0.04–0.2%) of Indonesia’s total GDP. The results of this study are expected to show that the importance of this issue was handled and can assist the government in planning for health and nutrition programs targeted to human resources in Indonesia qualifi ed and productive.

Forecast Analysis of Gross Regional Domestic Product based on the Linear Regression Algorithm Technique

Statistical data are indispensable for macro-economic planning activities such as the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) where data can determine the economic development strategies and policies that have been adopted and can be continued in the future. This study draws on quantitative data sources from the Regional Statistical Agency of Jakarta for the period 2017-2019, the subject of the Gross Regional Domestic Product based on current business prices. The aim of this research is to test and predict the level of accuracy of GRDP at current prices based on business fields using the Linear Regression method supported by Rapid Miner software. The results show that the validated Linear Regression algorithm with K-Fold values from 2 to 10 with the sampling type linear sampling and shuffled sampling can be used and implemented with the smallest Root Mean Square Error value of IDR 9,977,431 at k = 10 for the sampling.

Measuring the health of people in places: a scoping review of OECD member countries

ABSTRACTBackgroundDefining and measuring population health in places is fundamental for local and national planning and conducting within-country and cross-national health comparisons. Yet availability and comparability of place-level health data is unknown.MethodsA scoping review was performed to identify how Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries measure overall health for sub-national geographies within each country. The search was conducted across MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar, supplemented by searching all 38 OECD countries statistical agency and public health institute websites.ResultsSixty publications were selected, plus extracted information from 37 of 38 OECD countries statistical agency and/or public health institute websites. Data sources varied by categorisation into mortality (n=7) or morbidity (n=5) health indicators: the former mostly from national statistical agencies and the latter from population-level surveys. Region was the most common geographic scale: eight indicators for 26 countries, two indicators for 24 countries and one indicator for 20 countries. Similar but slightly fewer indicators were available for urban areas (max countries per most frequent indicator = 24), followed by municipality (range of 1-14 countries per indicator). Other geographies, particularly those at smaller granularity, were infrequently available across health indicators and countries.ConclusionHealth indicator data at sub-national geographies are generally only available for a limited number of indicators at large administrative boundaries. Relative uniformity of health indicator question format allows cross-national comparisons. However, wider availability of health indicators at smaller, and non-administrative, geographies is needed to explore the best way to measure population health in local areas.

Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Perekonomian Dalam Tinjauan Sektor Perdagangan Dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Nganjuk (Deskriptif Analisis Sektor Perdagangan)

At the end of 2019, the world was shocked by Covid-19 from China. Not only causing casualties but also having an impact on the national economy, including in Nganjuk Regency. To restore economic stability, the Nganjuk Regency Government took steps in implementing the new normal so that the community remained productive and maintained economic stability. The problem raised in this study is the economic growth of the people of Nganjuk district before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic and its impact on employment opportunities and household income of the Nganjuk community. The purpose of this study is to see the economic growth of the Nganjuk community before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic and its impact on employment opportunities and household income of the Nganjuk community. The type of research used in this research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The results show that the economic growth of the Nganjuk Regency community before the Covid-19 outbreak was felt to be stable, this can be seen from the income of traders which tends to increase. During the period past the Covid-19 pandemic, the community had a significant economic impact, this was felt by many traders who experienced a decrease in turnover of around 75%. And based on the central statistical agency, the number of unemployed people in 2019 has increased by 3 thousand people. To respond to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Penentuan Cluster Optimum pada Tingkat Pengangguran dan Tingkat Kemiskinan di Jawa Timur Menggunakan Algoritma Fuzzy C-Means

There are many methods used in resolving data clustering. One of them is the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) method, which is a reliable method to solve clustering problems in the East Java region. This study aims to determine the optimum cluster in the East Java region which can help the government to identify problems and assist policymaking in regencies/cities in East Java province. The research process uses data from the central statistical agency, namely the unemployment rate and poverty rate from 2010 to 2015. In this study, the Davies Bouldin Index (DBI) is used as a cluster validation test for determining the optimum cluster. Unemployment rate and poverty rate data were analyzed using RStudio. From the calculation of the FCM method and also the determination of the optimum cluster results obtained in 2 clusters with a DBI value of 1.2759, 3 clusters with a DBI value of 0.9937, 4 clusters with a DBI value of 0.8737. The optimum cluster is in 4 clusters with a minimum DBI value.

Social Media and Library Collaboration

The use of social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp has become an integral part of everyday communication in Zimbabwe. These platforms allow libraries and librarians to work collaboratively. Anchored on the diffusion of technology theory, this chapter analyzed the availability of social media in the Ministry of Health and Child Care Library, Ministry of Environment Library, Ministry of Transport and Infrastructural Development Library, and Zimbabwe National Statistical Agency Library. The researcher interviewed six library professionals and found out that government librarians are using social media platforms to promote access to information and support freedom of information. The study noted that government libraries are still facing challenges such as lack of administrative support and lack of clear collaboration policies. These challenges are affecting collaboration initiatives. Accordingly, the researcher recommended managers to support their libraries with financial resources if government librarians are to effectively apply social media in their work areas.