scholarly journals COVID-19 AGENT-BASED MODEL: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SIMULATOR APPLIED IN VACCINATION SCENARIOS FOR QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W6-2021 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
V. P. Bongolan ◽  
K. K. Ang ◽  
J. J. Celeste ◽  
J. M. Minoza ◽  
S. Caoili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Quezon City ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Front Line Workers ◽  
Vaccine Distribution

Abstract. COVID-19 vaccines are rolling out in the Philippines but the supply remains limited; there is a need to optimize the distribution. In this study, we developed a COVID-19 agent-based model for Quezon City, a COVID-19 hotspot in the country. This model, in conjunction with a multi-objective linear programming model for equitable vaccine distribution, was then used to simulate four vaccination scenarios. Experiments were conducted with the front-line workers always added to the groups: mobile workers, elderly and low-income. Main results are: prioritizing the mobile workers minimizes infections the most (by 4.34%), while prioritizing the low-income groups minimizes deaths the most (by 1.93%). These results demonstrate that protecting the population with the most interactions (mobile workers) effectively reduces future infections. On the other hand, protecting the most vulnerable population (low income and elderly) decreases the likelihood of death. These results may guide the policy-makers in Quezon City.

Global Domestic Workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Marchetti ◽  
Daniela Cherubini ◽  
Giulia Garofalo Geymonat
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
South America ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
The Eu

EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC licence. Drawing from the EU-funded DomEQUAL research project across nine countries in Europe, South America and Asia, this comparative study explores the conditions of domestic workers around the world and the campaigns they are conducting to improve their labour rights. The book showcases how domestic workers’ movements put ‘intersectionality in action’ in repre-senting the interest of various marginalized social groups from migrants and low-income groups to racialized and rural girls and women. This will be an invaluable for scholars, policy makers and activists alike.

An Agent-Based Model for Adoption of Clean Technology Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Pakravan ◽  
Nordica MacCarty
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
International Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Clean Technology ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Clean Cookstoves

Abstract Technology adoption in low-income regions is among the key challenges facing international development projects. Nearly 40% of the world's population relies on open fires and rudimentary cooking devices exacerbating health outcomes, deforestation, and climatic impacts of inefficient biomass burning. Clean technology alternatives such as clean cookstoves are among the most challenging technologies to approach their target goals through sustainable adoption due to a lack of systematic market-driven design for adoption. Thus, a method is needed to provide insight regarding how target customers evaluate and perceive causes for adopting a clean technology. The holistic approach of this study captures technology adoption through lenses of social networks, individual and society scale beliefs, and rational decision-making behavior. Based on the data collected in the Apac region in Northern Uganda, an agent-based model is developed to simulate emerging adoption behavior in a community. Then, four different scenarios investigate how adoption patterns change due to the potential changes in technology or intervention strategy. These scenarios include influence of stove malfunctions, price elasticity, information campaigns, and strength of a social network. Results suggest that higher adoption rates are achievable if designed technologies are more durable, information campaigns provide realistic expectations for users, policymakers, and education programs work toward women's empowerment, and communal social ties are recognized for influence maximization. The application of this study provides insight for technology designers, project implementers, and policymakers to update their practices for achieving sustainable and to the scale clean technology adoption rates.

Transit Fare Affordability: Findings From a Qualitative Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis F. Perrotta
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
The Many ◽  
Fare Evasion ◽  
The Welfare State

Low-income groups use transit in greater numbers than others. There is little scholarship, however, about how they afford the fare. Using interviews with 25 low-income residents and 15 transportation and social service professionals, this study provides a complex description of fare affordability. It finds that low-income riders are often unable to pay for trips that fulfill daily necessities and discretionary purposes. They manage to travel by evading the fare, exploiting free transfers, forgoing goods, borrowing, and using free fare cards provided by agents of the welfare state. Professionals are largely unaware of the many ways that riders regularly compensate for low funds including the large-scale interventions made by the welfare state into public transportation. Fare evasion enforcement and pricing can pose challenges to low-income riders. By incorporating knowledge on the role that welfare plays in enabling low-income ridership, policy makers can expand access to transit for low-income riders.

scholarly journals Based on Agent Model and K-Core Decomposition to Analyze the Diffusion of Mass Incident in Microblog

Complexity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jun Pan ◽  
Huizhang Shen ◽  
Zhong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Model ◽  
The Stability

Mass incidents, which may influence the stability and security of the society in China, are getting more and more attentions not only from policy makers but also from Chinese social researchers. Catching the diffusion mechanism is believed to be critical to understand essential of these mass incidents since message dissemination plays important roles in every stage of mass incident. Recently, online social networks including Weibo (Chinese Twitter) become more and more popular in China. There are reports showing that Weibo discussion has accompanied the processes of most mass incidents happening in China in these few years. So, in this paper, we aim at introducing K-Core decomposition method from complex network to the analysis on how to manage the diffusion of mass incident in Weibo based on agent based model which can simulate Weibo user’s actions when mass incident happens. This work can help people understand how mass incident messages spread across the network. And then, people may have better strategy to manage the diffusion of mass incidents.

scholarly journals SCHOOL RE-OPENING SIMULATIONS WITH COVID-19 AGENT-BASED MODEL FOR QUEZON CITY, PHILIPPINES

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W6-2021 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
J. J. Celeste ◽  
V. P. Bongolan
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Quezon City ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Quality Of Learning ◽  
The City

Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted schools to close in 2020, and with its negative impact on the quality of learning, the conversation shifts to the re-opening scenarios. In this study, we coupled a COVID-19 agent-based model (ABM) with social contact probabilities from pre-pandemic estimates. We then simulated school re-opening and vaccination scenarios in Quezon City, Philippines using our ABM. Our toy simulations suggest that the city could already re-open schools with 50% vaccination coverage. However, we suggest that students shall be vaccinated first, mask-wearing and physical distance shall be strictly observed, and schools shall only be re-opened by 25% as a precaution. Policymakers may take insights from the study.

scholarly journals Can Vaccine Prioritization Reduce Disparities in Covid-19 Burden for Historically Marginalized Populations?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Rosenstrom ◽  
Jessica A. Mele ◽  
Julie Ivy ◽  
Maria Mayorga ◽  
Mehul Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Vaccine Distribution ◽  
The Impact

Importance: Nationally stated goals for distributing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines included to reduce COVID-19 mortality, morbidity, and inequity using prioritization groups. However, the impact of these prioritization strategies is not well understood, particularly their effect on health inequity in COVID-19 burden for historically marginalized racial and ethnic populations. Objective: To assess the impact of vaccination prioritization and operational strategies on disparities in COVID-19 burden among historically marginalized populations, and on mortality and morbidity by race and ethnicity. Design: We use an agent-based simulation model of North Carolina to project SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19-associated deaths (mortality), hospitalizations (morbidity), and cases over 18 months (7/1/2020-12/31/2021) with vaccine distribution beginning 12/13/2020 to frontline medical and people 75+, assuming initial uptake similar to influenza vaccine. We study two-stage subsequent prioritization including essential workers (essential), adults 65+ (age), adults with high-risk health conditions, HMPs, or people in low income tracts, with eligibility for the general population in the third stage. For age-essential and essential-age strategies, we also simulated maximal uptake (100% for HMP or 100% for everyone), and we allowed for distribution to susceptible-only people. Results: Prioritizing Age then Essential had the largest impact on mortality (2.5% reduction from no prioritization); Essential then Age had the lowest morbidity and reduced infections (4.2% further than Age-Essential) without significantly impacting mortality. Under each prioritization scenario, the age-adjusted mortality burden for HMPs is higher (e.g., 33.3-34.1% higher for the Black population, 13.3%-17.0% for the Hispanic population) compared to the White population, and the gap grew under some prioritizations. In the Age-Essential strategy, the burden on HMPs decreases only when uptake is increased to 100% in HMPs. However, the Black population still had the highest mortality rate even with the Susceptible-Only distribution. Conclusions and Relevance: Simulation results show that prioritization strategies have differential impact on mortality, morbidity, and disparities overall and by race and ethnicity. If prioritization schemes were not paired with increased uptake in HMPs, disparities did not improve and could worsen. Although equity was one of the tenets of vaccine distribution, the vaccination strategies publicly outlined are insufficient to remove and may exacerbate disparities between racial and ethnic groups, thus targeted strategies are needed for the future.

scholarly journals Estimating the population impact of hypothetical breastfeeding interventions in a low-income population in Los Angeles County: An agent-based model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e0231134
Author(s):  
Linghui Jiang ◽  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
May C. Wang ◽  
Nathaniel Osgood ◽  
Shannon E. Whaley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Population Impact ◽  
Low Income Population

scholarly journals Informal risk-sharing between smallholders may be threatened by formal insurance: Lessons from a stylized agent-based model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248757
Author(s):  
Meike Will ◽  
Jürgen Groeneveld ◽  
Karin Frank ◽  
Birgit Müller
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Informal Risk Sharing

Microinsurance is promoted as a valuable instrument for low-income households to buffer financial losses due to health or climate-related risks. However, apart from direct positive effects, such formal insurance schemes can have unintended side effects when insured households lower their contribution to traditional informal arrangements where risk is shared through private monetary support. Using a stylized agent-based model, we assess impacts of microinsurance on the resilience of those smallholders in a social network who cannot afford this financial instrument. We explicitly include the decision behavior regarding informal transfers. We find that the introduction of formal insurance can have negative side effects even if insured households are willing to contribute to informal risk arrangements. However, when many households are simultaneously affected by a shock, e.g. by droughts or floods, formal insurance is a valuable addition to informal risk-sharing. By explicitly taking into account long-term effects of short-term transfer decisions, our study allows to complement existing empirical research. The model results underline that new insurance programs have to be developed in close alignment with established risk-coping instruments. Only then can they be effective without weakening functioning aspects of informal risk management, which could lead to increased poverty.

An Agent-Based Modeling Approach for Clean Technologies Adoption Using Theory of Planned Behavior Based Decision-Making

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Pakravan ◽  
Nordica MacCarty
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
International Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Clean Technology ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Behavior Based

Abstract Technology adoption in low-income regions is among the key challenges facing international development projects. Nearly 40% of the world’s population relies on open fires and rudimentary cooking devices exacerbating health outcomes, deforestation, and climatic impacts of inefficient biomass burning. Clean technology alternatives such as clean cookstoves are among the most challenging technologies to approach their target goals through sustainable adoption due to lack of systematic market-driven design for adoption. Thus, a method is needed to provide insight regarding how target customers evaluate and perceive causes for adopting a clean technology. The holistic approach of this study captures the three main aspects of technology adoption through lenses of social networks, individual and society scale beliefs, and rational decision-making behavior. Based on data collected in the Apac region in Northern Uganda, an Agent-Based Model is developed to simulate emerging adoption behavior in a community. Then, four different scenarios investigate how adoption patterns change due to potential changes in technology or intervention strategy. These scenarios include influence of stove malfunctions, price elasticity, information campaigns, and strength of social network. Results suggest that higher adoption rates are achievable if designed technologies are more durable, information campaigns provide realistic expectations for users, policy makers and education programs work toward women’s empowerment, and communal social ties are recognized for influence maximization. Application of this study provides insight for technology designers, project implementers, and policy makers to update their practices for achieving sustainable and to the scale clean technology adoption rates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document