scholarly journals Electrochemical analysis of water and suds by impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gruden ◽  
A. Buchholz ◽  
O. Kanoun
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Impedance Measurements ◽  
Washing Process ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract. Optimum detergent dosage during a washing process depends on water quality, degree of pollution and quantity of laundry. Particularly, water quality is an important factor. Other parameters like carbonate- or non-carbonate hardness and calcium / magnesium (Ca / Mg) ratio in addition to total hardness of water have an impact on the amount of detergent. This work discusses the possibilities realizing a detergent sensor that measures important parameters for the washing process and assess the ideal necessary amount of detergent during the washing process. The approach is to combine impedance spectroscopy with cyclic voltammetry in order to determine both water quality and concentration of detergent in the suds which build up the basis for an optimum detergent dosage. The results of cyclic voltammetry show that it is possible to identify the Ca / Mg ratio and the carbonate hardness separately, which is necessary for the optimization of the washing process. Impedance measurements identify total hardness and detergent concentrations.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality Index for the Groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ramakrishnaiah ◽  
C. Sadashivaiah ◽  
G. Ranganna
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Iron Manganese

The present work is aimed at assessing the water quality index (WQI) for the groundwater of Tumkur taluk. This has been determined by collecting groundwater samples and subjecting the samples to a comprehensive physicochemical analysis. For calculating the WQI, the following 12 parameters have been considered: pH, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, total dissolved solids, iron, manganese and fluorides. The WQI for these samples ranges from 89.21 to 660.56. The high value of WQI has been found to be mainly from the higher values of iron, nitrate, total dissolved solids, hardness, fluorides, bicarbonate and manganese in the groundwater. The results of analyses have been used to suggest models for predicting water quality. The analysis reveals that the groundwater of the area needs some degree of treatment before consumption, and it also needs to be protected from the perils of contamination

scholarly journals Assessment of Ground Water Quality in and around Gobichettipalayam Town Erode District, Tamilnadu

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Palanisamy ◽  
A. Geetha ◽  
M. Sujatha ◽  
P. Sivakumar ◽  
K. Karunakaran
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Bicarbonate Alkalinity

Ground water samples collected from different localities in and around Gobichettipalayam town, Erode District, Tamil Nadu were analyzed for their physico- chemical characteristics. This analysis result was compared with the WHO & ICMR standards of drinking water quality parameters with the following water quality parameters namely pH, Electrical conductivity, CN-, Cl-, SO42-, Na+, K+, Ca & Mg in CaCO3equivalents, phenolphthalein alkalinity, hydroxide alkalinity, carbonate alkalinity, bicarbonate alkalinity, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids, total solids, total suspended solids, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, fluorideetc., The usefulness of these parameters in predicting ground water quality characteristics were discussed. Thus an attempt has been made to find the quality of ground water in and around Gobichettipalayam town, suitable for drinking purposes or not.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY (PHYSICO-CHEMICAL) OF KANEKAL TANK, ANANTAPURAMU DIST., AP, INDIA.

1970 ◽  
pp. 08-15
Author(s):  
PHILIP HAROLD GUNDALA ◽  
JAYARAM NAIK V N ◽  
VENKATA RAMANAIAH KOLALA
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Free Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Tank Water ◽  
Magnesium Phosphates

Abstract: Different Physico-chemical parameters of Kanekal tank water, Kanekal were estimated from October 2012 to September 2014 to assess its quality. The different parameters like Temperature, pH, TDS, conductivity, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, alkalinity, free carbon dioxide, chloride, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, phosphates, sulphates, silicates, nitrites, nitrates, BOD and COD were carried out by standard methods. These parameters showed either positive or negative correlation between each other. The analysis revels these parameters are interrelated with each other. From the data it can be said that water of this tank is partially contaminated with human faeces, domestic sewage etc. Hence it is not good quality for culture of fish as well as drinking for animals.Keywords –Kanekal Tank, water quality, Physico-chemical parameters, BOD, COD

scholarly journals Characterization of mineral water from Vitinicki Kiseljak and kozluk springs

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragica Lazic ◽  
Jelena Skundric ◽  
Ljubica Vasiljevic ◽  
Slavica Sladojevic ◽  
Dragana Blagojevic
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Free Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Acidic Waters ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Ideal

The aim of this study was to determine the quality of the mineral water from Vitinicki Kiseljak (Nos. 1 to 9, except No. 3) and Kozluk springs that are located near the town of Zvornik in the northwestern Republic of Srpska, BIH. The results were compared with those presented in previous reaserches in order to determine if the water quality has changed and if the water is still suitable for therapeutic purposes. The physicochemical (temperature, odor, pH value, total hardness, electro-conductivity, evaporated residue, suspended materials, chemical consumption of oxygen and KMnO4) and chemical (Fe2+, Mg2+, Mn2+,Zn2+, K+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Al3+, HCO3-, Cl-, CO32-, SiO2, SO42- and S2-) characteristics were analyzed. The obtained results showed that the waters could be classified as hydrocarbonate-sodium-chloride with the mineralization of 2450-5830 mg/dm3. It can also be concluded that the waters are rich in calcium, magnesium and iron, as well as that those are acidic waters due to the presence of free carbon dioxide. In the samples from Kozluk and Kiseljak No. 2 springs oxygen-sulphide is present as well. The ideal ratio of the minerals in these waters is suitable for therapeutical purposes.

scholarly journals Water Quality Index for the Assessment of Selected Borehole Water Quality in Rivers State

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinwendu Emeka ◽  
Bright Nweke ◽  
Jecinta Osere ◽  
Chimaobi K. Ihunwo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Rivers State

Water quality of different locations in River state, Nigeria was evaluated using Water Quality Index (WQI) approach to assess the suitability of water from three local government areas in Rivers State. The study revealed that WQI was determined by the following parameters: pH, Temp, EC, BOD, Chloride, Sulphate, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate, Total Hardness, Nitrate, Pb Calcium, Cd, Cu, and Fe. The result obtained indicated that the water quality index of borehole water exceeded the status of water quality in all sampling locations due to groundwater contamination, making the water unsafe for human and animal consumption. Residents within the State should be enlightened on the adverse effect of drinking polluted water and the need for water treatment before consumption.

scholarly journals Water quality profile of fresh water wetland of Atpadi in Sangli District, Maharashtra (India)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Alaka A. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Quality Profile ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Health Organization

This paper presents a study on influence on environmental parameters on water quality at wetland of Atpadi in Atpadi tehsil of Sangli district on the basis of water quality index (WQI). WQI was determined on the basis of various parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chlorides, total dissolved solids and biological oxygen demand for which no earlier reports are available on these water bodies. During this investigation, it was observed that some parameters are within the range prescribed by World Health Organization, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bureau of Indian Standard etc. But some parameters are beyond the permissible limit.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality in parts of Jalna district of Maharashtra, India using Water Quality Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish M. Deshpande ◽  
Ulhas S. Bhagwat ◽  
Kailash R. Aher
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Rock Water Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Type Water

In the present study, fifty-five groundwater samples were collected from the parts of the Jalna district of Maharashtra, India. The water samples were analyzed to determine various physic-chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. The groundwater’s geochemical control and hydrogeochemistry were evaluated using the Piper plots and water quality index (WQI). The hydrochemical analysis reveals that the groundwater is predominantly of CaNaHCO3 type, Water quality index (WQI) indicates that 33% and 2% of groundwater samples fall in poor and very poor categories for drinking purposes. This study reveals that groundwater quality is unfit for drinking purposes at a few places. The effective leaching, dissolution process and rock-water interaction process are the main sources for degrading the groundwater quality.

scholarly journals Assessment of Water Quality and Parameters Leading to Eutrophication in an Urban Water Body

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 846-849
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Channel System ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
The Status ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

This study has been carried out to assess surface water quality and the status of eutrophication in the UkkadamPeriyakulam lake which is a part of the Coimbatore Anicut channel system. The lake is fed by the canals of NoyyalRiver, it has a waterspreadarea of 320 acres and a storage capacity of 70 mcft. The water samples for assessment were collected during post monsoon period of the year 2018-19. The physiochemical parameters such as pH, Total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, chlorides, nitrates, sulphates, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, total hardness; bio-chemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, lead and chromium were quantified. The various parameters are used to understand the spatial distribution. The suitability of water for drinking and irrigation purposes based on the results from Water quality index, Residual Sodium Carbonate Index, Sodium Adsorption is being discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Mineralization of Drinking Water as Indicator of Water Quality and Factor of the Influence to the Human Health

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Water Mineralization ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Purpose. The hygienic aspect of drinking water safety and quality can be defined by the indices of epidemic safety, sanitary, chemical and radiation indices, as well as the optimal content of mineral substances, i.e. a mineral composition adequate to the physiological need of a human body: total hardness, total alkalinity, the content of iodine, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, fluorine and solid residual (mineralization) Assessment of drinking water mineralization as indicator of water quality. Possible impact of mineralization level to the health of population in urbanized territories of Ukraine. Methods. Assessment of drinking water mineralization level is based on water supply organizations providing the investigations in the different urbanized territories of Ukraine. Results. The estimation of drinking water mineralization from surface and underground sources for water supply of local urbanized territories of Ukraine had been done. Also the analysis of water quality indicator in this content and possible influence on human health had been presented. Conclusions. Fluctuations of mineralization and indicators of the physiological usefulness of the mineral composition compared with the range of optimum had been marked as a distinguishing. After clearing underground waters in pumped-out complexes, their mineralization is usually reduced to an optimal value, but also significantly reduces the concentration of calcium, magnesium and other essential elements. Numerous literary indications indicate a connection between the level of mineralization (composition) of drinking water and the state of health of the population. There is a correlation between the level of mineralization (balance of mineral composition) of drinking water and human health. Long-term consumption of drinking water with an imbalance of essential mineral components can be one of the negative impacts on public health.

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