Are interactions important in estimating flood damage  to economic entities? The case of wine-making in France

Abstract. Estimating flood damage, although crucial for assessing flood risk and for designing mitigation policies, continues to face numerous challenges, notably the assessment of indirect damage. It is widely accepted that damage other than direct damage can account for a significant proportion of total damage. Yet due to scarcer data sources and lack of knowledge on links within and between economic activities, indirect impacts have received less attention than direct impacts. Furthermore, attempts to grasp indirect damage through economic models have not gone below regional levels. Even though local communities can be devastated by flood events without this being reflected in regional accounts, few studies have been conducted from a microeconomic perspective at local level. What is more, the standard practices applied at this level of analysis tackle entities but ignore how they may be linked. This paper addresses these two challenges by building a novel agent-based model of a local agricultural production chain (a French cooperative wine-making system), utilized as a virtual laboratory for the ex ante estimation of flood impacts. We show how overlooking existing interactions between economic entities in production chains can result in either overestimation (double counting) or underestimation (wrong estimation of the consequences for the activity) of flood damage. Our results also reveal that considering interactions requires thorough characterization of their spatial configuration. Based on both the application of our method and the results obtained, we propose balanced recommendations for flood damage estimation at local level.

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Are interactions important in estimating flood damage to economic entities?

10.5194/nhess-2020-386 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

David Nortes Martínez ◽

Frédéric Grelot ◽

Pauline Brémond ◽

Stefano Farolfi ◽

Juliette Rouchier

Keyword(s):

Local Level ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Flood Damage ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Production Chain ◽

Agent Based ◽

Flood Impacts ◽

Flood Damage Estimation ◽

Standard Practices ◽

Indirect Impacts

Abstract. Estimating flood damage, although crucial for assessing flood risk and for designing mitigation policies, continues to face numerous challenges, notably the assessment of indirect damage. It is widely accepted that damage other than direct damage can account for a significant proportion of total damage. Yet due to more scarce data sources and lack of knowledge on links within and between economic activities, indirect impacts have received less attention than direct impacts. Furthermore, attempts to grasp indirect damage through economic models have not gone below regional levels. Even though local communities can be devastated by flood events without this being reflected in regional accounts, few studies have been conducted from a microeconomic perspective at local level. What is more, the standard practices applied at this level of analysis tackle entities but ignore how they may be linked. This paper addresses these two challenges by building a novel agent-based model of a local agricultural production chain (a cooperative winemaking system), which is then used as a virtual laboratory for the ex-ante estimation of flood impacts. We show how overlooking existing interactions between economic entities in production chains can result in either overestimation (double counting) or underestimation (wrong estimation of the consequences for the activity) of flood damage. Our results also reveal that considering interactions requires thorough characterization of their spatial configuration.Based on both the application of our method and the results obtained, we propose balanced recommendations for flood damage estimation at local level.

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The object-specific flood damage database HOWAS21

10.5194/nhess-2019-420 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patric Kellermann ◽

Kai Schröter ◽

Annegret H. Thieken ◽

Sören-Nils Haubrock ◽

Heidi Kreibich

Keyword(s):

Flood Damage ◽

Damage Estimation ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Flood Impacts ◽

Large Potential ◽

Damage Data ◽

Flood Analysis ◽

Flood Damage Estimation ◽

Estimation Models

Abstract. The Flood Damage Database HOWAS21 contains object-speciﬁc ﬂood damage data resulting from fluvial, pluvial and groundwater flooding in Germany. The datasets incorporate various pieces of information about ﬂood impacts, exposure, vulnerability, and direct tangible damage at properties from several economic sectors. The main purpose of development and design of HOWAS21 is to support forensic flood analysis and the derivation of flood damage estimation models. This paper highlights exemplary analyses to demonstrate the use of HOWAS21 flood damage data in these two application areas. The data applications indicate a large potential of the database for fostering a better understanding and estimation of the consequences of flooding. HOWAS21 recently enlarged its scope and is now also open for international flood damage data.

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An analysis of Italian damage data to economic activities

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10086 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marta Galliani ◽

Francesca Carisi ◽

Alessio Domeneghetti ◽

Giovanni Menduni ◽

Daniela Molinari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Critical Role ◽

Flood Damage ◽

Flood Events ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Commercial Activities ◽

Flood Impacts ◽

Damage Modelling ◽

Damage Data ◽

Observed Damage

<p>The study of flood impacts on the different sectors that compose the built environment and the society is crucial to implement actions of prevention, mitigation, and cautious planning. In such a context, the sector of businesses assumes a critical role, both for its importance for the wellbeing of the society and because of the high losses it suffers in case of inundations. Nevertheless, flood damage modelling to businesses is still a challenging task: the large number of different commercial activities, their specific geographical and economic contexts and the few observed damage data are just some of the reasons for that. In Italy, for example, a shared methodology to assess damage to enterprises is not present; building knowledge about types and dimensions of impacts of flood events to economic activities is then even more impelling. This contribution presents the analysis of about a thousand observed damage records regarding industrial and commercial activities, collected by four research groups after different flood events in Italy: the inundation occurred in the town of Lodi (Lombardia Region) in 2002, the one in Sardegna Region in 2013, and the floods caused in the Emilia-Romagna Region by Secchia (2014) and Enza (2017) Rivers. Data retrieved from the local and regional authorities responsible for damage compensation present different levels of detail and aggregation, according to the case study investigated. In all cases, they refer to the direct damage only and, for each case study, they have been first organised according to the activity types (e.g. trade, manufacturing, construction, finance) and per affected components: i.e. structure, equipment and stock. Data analysis has been led by some questions, we identified as key to start developing knowledge for damage modelling:&#160; are there similarities in the different case studies? Which are the more affected business sectors in case of flood? Which component suffers the highest damage among structure, equipment, and stock? Is there an empirical trend of damage with hazard parameters? Results were first compared with the socio-economic context of the affected area, to have a first confirmation of data quality and reliability; then, the analysis focused on searching information and relationships between damage and activity type, activity dimension and water level. Results support the identification of the more vulnerable elements within the business sector, orienting modellers&#8217; and decision-makers&#8217; choices.</p>

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Orthodox arrangement of the Pochaiv Lavra in the second third of the XIX century.

Ukrainian Religious Studies ◽

10.32420/2020.92.2149 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 13-41

Author(s):

Ella Volodymyrivna Bystrytska

Keyword(s):

Local Level ◽

The Political ◽

Special Role ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Government Officials ◽

Political Motivation ◽

Archival Documents ◽

The Status ◽

The Russian Empire ◽

Xix Century

Abstract: A series of imperial decrees of the 1820s ordering the establishment of a Greco-Uniate Theological Collegium and appropriate consistories contributed to the spread of the autocratic synodal system of government and the establishment of control over Greek Uniate church institutions in the annexed territories of Right-Bank Ukraine. As a result, the Greco-Uniate Church was put on hold in favor of the government's favorable grounds for the rapid localization of its activities. Basilian accusations of supporting the Polish November Uprising of 1830-1831 made it possible to liquidate the OSBM and most monasteries. The transfer of the Pochaiv Monastery to the ownership of the Orthodox clergy in 1831 was a milestone in the liquidation of the Greco-Uniate Church and the establishment of a Russian-style Orthodox mono-confessionalism. On the basis of archival documents, the political motivation of the emperor's decree to confiscate the Pochayiv Monastery from the Basilians with all its property and capital was confirmed. The transfer to the category of monasteries of the 1st class and the granting of the status of a lavra indicated its special role in strengthening the position of the autocracy in the western region of the Russian Empire. The orders of the Holy Synod outline the key tasks of ensuring the viability of the Lavra as an Orthodox religious center: the introduction of continuous worship, strengthening the personal composition of the population, delimitation of spiritual responsibilities, clarifying the affiliation of the printing house. However, maintaining the rhythm of worship and financial and economic activities established by the Basilians proved to be a difficult task, the solution of which required ten years of hard work. In order to make quick changes in the monastery, decisions were made by the emperor and senior government officials, and government agencies were involved at the local level, which required the coordination of actions of all parties to the process.

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Lecturas posibles sobre la construcción del actor económico

Revista Temas Sociológicos ◽

10.29344/07196458.10.197 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

Nicolás Gómez Núñez

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Public Policies ◽

Local Level ◽

Endogenous Development ◽

Economic Activities ◽

The Public ◽

Basic Ideas

En tres breves capítulos, el artículo pone a disposición las ideas básicas que cruzan la reflexión sobre las actividades económicas que las personas realizan en condiciones de pobreza, destacándose la preocupación sobre si estos desempeños pueden constituirse en alternativas de crecimiento económico a nivel local o si ellas son actores que inciden en las políticas públicas que organizan los supuestos del desarrollo.Palabras clave Actividades Económicas Autogestionadas / Autonomía / Capacitación / Desarrollo Endógeno.Abstract:In three brief chapters, the article displays the basic ideas that intersect the reflection on the economic activities that people perform in conditions of poverty, standing out the concern whether these performances can constitute in alternatives of economic growth at the local level or whether they are activities that affect the public policies which organize the theories of development.Key words Self-managed economic activities / Autonomy / Training / Endogenous Development

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Ex post damage assessment: an Italian experience

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-14-901-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 901-916 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

D. Molinari ◽

S. Menoni ◽

G. T. Aronica ◽

F. Ballio ◽

N. Berni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Damage Assessment ◽

Local Level ◽

Data Gathering ◽

Recovery Phase ◽

Flood Damage ◽

Local Authorities ◽

Damage Models ◽

Ex Post ◽

And Storage

Abstract. In recent years, awareness of a need for more effective disaster data collection, storage, and sharing of analyses has developed in many parts of the world. In line with this advance, Italian local authorities have expressed the need for enhanced methods and procedures for post-event damage assessment in order to obtain data that can serve numerous purposes: to create a reliable and consistent database on the basis of which damage models can be defined or validated; and to supply a comprehensive scenario of flooding impacts according to which priorities can be identified during the emergency and recovery phase, and the compensation due to citizens from insurers or local authorities can be established. This paper studies this context, and describes ongoing activities in the Umbria and Sicily regions of Italy intended to identifying new tools and procedures for flood damage data surveys and storage in the aftermath of floods. In the first part of the paper, the current procedures for data gathering in Italy are analysed. The analysis shows that the available knowledge does not enable the definition or validation of damage curves, as information is poor, fragmented, and inconsistent. A new procedure for data collection and storage is therefore proposed. The entire analysis was carried out at a local level for the residential and commercial sectors only. The objective of the next steps for the research in the short term will be (i) to extend the procedure to other types of damage, and (ii) to make the procedure operational with the Italian Civil Protection system. The long-term aim is to develop specific depth–damage curves for Italian contexts.

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Flood Damage Estimation and Flood Risk Mapping

Advances in Urban Flood Management ◽

10.1201/9780203945988.ch10 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 213-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Andreas Kron

Keyword(s):

Flood Risk ◽

Flood Damage ◽

Risk Mapping ◽

Damage Estimation ◽

Flood Damage Estimation ◽

Flood Risk Mapping

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Urban efflorescences of the global and the local: An analysis of the territory of Gipuzkoa (Spain)

Proceedings 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age ◽

10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6077 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Madalen Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Spatial Patterns ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Local Level ◽

Urban Morphology ◽

Urban Structure ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Science And Technology Parks ◽

Rural Environments ◽

San Sebastian ◽

Urban Concentration

Urban efflorescences of the global and the local: An analysis of the territory of Gipuzkoa (Spain).Madalen González Bereziartua¹ ¹ Área de Urbanismo, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de San Sebastián, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV-EHU). Plaza Oñati, 2. 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel. Num: 943015907 Keywords (3-5): Urban centrality, global exposure, territory of Gipuzkoa, spatial patterns Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology, territorial scale The present study deals with the changes generated in the last decades by the increasing globalization in order to discern its influence on the urban structure of Gipuzkoa. The incidence of globalization in the processes of urban transformation is perceived, on the one hand, in the tendency towards the concentration of economic activities and, on the other, in the stimulus received by the local level and by the specialization, as generators of urban concentration. The urban forms that have arisen in this territory as a result of the global exposure present a varied typology as a consequence of the multiple scopes and scales in which they have been developed. Far from pretending to cover them all, the present study analyses a sample of urban processes and effects that have taken place in the territory of Gipuzkoa in the last decades, such as: science and technology parks, specialized networks around local products, processes of museification of industrial and rural environments, or expansion of the tourism services network. The study of these processes will attend both to their particular urban manifestation and to their territorial incidence, through the use of diverse sources and techniques to obtain a map in which they can be studied together. The resulting map of the sum of the different indicators will reveal characteristic spatial patterns of this centrality associated to the effect exercised by the sphere of the global over the local. References (100 words) Ascher, F. (2001), Los Nuevos Principios del Urbanismo (Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2004). Castells, M. and Hall, P. (1994), Tecnópolis del mundo: la formación de los complejos industriales del siglo XXI (Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2001). Ramos Truchero, G. (2013), “Alimentación e identidad territorial en la producción de queso Idiazabal”, Lurralde: investigación y espacio 36, 15-30. Sassen, S. (1991), La ciudad global: Nueva York, Londres, Tokio (Eudeba, Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1999). Valenzuela Rubio, M. (2003), “Turismo y Patrimonio Utilitario. El discreto encanto de las actividades decadentes”, in Valenzuela Rubio, M. (ed.) Un mundo por descubrir en el siglo XXI, (Real Sociedad Geográfica, Madrid) 401-437.

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