scholarly journals Urban efflorescences of the global and the local: An analysis of the territory of Gipuzkoa (Spain)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalen Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Science And Technology Parks ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
San Sebastian ◽  
Urban Concentration

Urban efflorescences of the global and the local: An analysis of the territory of Gipuzkoa (Spain).Madalen González Bereziartua¹ ¹ Área de Urbanismo, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de San Sebastián, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV-EHU). Plaza Oñati, 2. 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián.   E-mail: [email protected]. Tel. Num: 943015907 Keywords (3-5): Urban centrality, global exposure, territory of Gipuzkoa, spatial patterns Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology, territorial scale     The present study deals with the changes generated in the last decades by the increasing globalization in order to discern its influence on the urban structure of Gipuzkoa. The incidence of globalization in the processes of urban transformation is perceived, on the one hand, in the tendency towards the concentration of economic activities and, on the other, in the stimulus received by the local level and by the specialization, as generators of urban concentration. The urban forms that have arisen in this territory as a result of the global exposure present a varied typology as a consequence of the multiple scopes and scales in which they have been developed. Far from pretending to cover them all, the present study analyses a sample of urban processes and effects that have taken place in the territory of Gipuzkoa in the last decades, such as: science and technology parks, specialized networks around local products, processes of museification of industrial and rural environments, or expansion of the tourism services network. The study of these processes will attend both to their particular urban manifestation and to their territorial incidence, through the use of diverse sources and techniques to obtain a map in which they can be studied together. The resulting map of the sum of the different indicators will reveal characteristic spatial patterns of this centrality associated to the effect exercised by the sphere of the global over the local.   References (100 words) Ascher, F. (2001), Los Nuevos Principios del Urbanismo (Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2004). Castells, M. and Hall, P. (1994), Tecnópolis del mundo: la formación de los complejos industriales del siglo XXI (Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2001). Ramos Truchero, G. (2013), “Alimentación e identidad territorial en la producción de queso Idiazabal”, Lurralde: investigación y espacio 36, 15-30. Sassen, S. (1991), La ciudad global: Nueva York, Londres, Tokio (Eudeba, Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1999). Valenzuela Rubio, M. (2003), “Turismo y Patrimonio Utilitario. El discreto encanto de las actividades decadentes”, in Valenzuela Rubio, M. (ed.) Un mundo por descubrir en el siglo XXI, (Real Sociedad Geográfica, Madrid) 401-437.

scholarly journals Changes in the spatial patterns of industrial innovativeness in Dolnośląskie Voivodeship (Poland) in 2009–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Brezdeń ◽  
Dominik Sikorski
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Spatial Diversification

This article aims to identify changes in the industry’s patterns in innovativeness and show its spatial diversity based on the example of the largest urban centres in Dolnośląskie Voivodeship. An assessment of the level of concentration of industrial activity was used as the basis for identifying these processes. The range of issues used for analysis depended on data availability, especially at the local level. The analysis of industrial activities’ location was carried out based on entities registered in Section C (Manufacturing) of the Polish Classification of Economic Activities. The spatial patterns of industrial innovativeness were presented using the classification of manufacturing according to R&D levels. The research results indicate significant changes between 2009 and 2019 in the spatial patterns for both the voivodeship and its urban areas regarding the industry’s concentration and specialisation. At the same time, this was accompanied by a decrease in industrial production. Dolnośląskie Voivodeship shows a significant spatial diversification in such concentration and specialisation. The patterns identified indicate the growing role of the area surrounding Wrocław as one of intensive infiltration of industrial activities from the main centre. These processes are also found in smaller urban centres of the voivodeship; however, this infiltration is selective.

Orthodox arrangement of the Pochaiv Lavra in the second third of the XIX century.

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-41
Author(s):  
Ella Volodymyrivna Bystrytska
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Motivation ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

Abstract: A series of imperial decrees of the 1820s ordering the establishment of a Greco-Uniate Theological Collegium and appropriate consistories contributed to the spread of the autocratic synodal system of government and the establishment of control over Greek Uniate church institutions in the annexed territories of Right-Bank Ukraine. As a result, the Greco-Uniate Church was put on hold in favor of the government's favorable grounds for the rapid localization of its activities. Basilian accusations of supporting the Polish November Uprising of 1830-1831 made it possible to liquidate the OSBM and most monasteries. The transfer of the Pochaiv Monastery to the ownership of the Orthodox clergy in 1831 was a milestone in the liquidation of the Greco-Uniate Church and the establishment of a Russian-style Orthodox mono-confessionalism. On the basis of archival documents, the political motivation of the emperor's decree to confiscate the Pochayiv Monastery from the Basilians with all its property and capital was confirmed. The transfer to the category of monasteries of the 1st class and the granting of the status of a lavra indicated its special role in strengthening the position of the autocracy in the western region of the Russian Empire. The orders of the Holy Synod outline the key tasks of ensuring the viability of the Lavra as an Orthodox religious center: the introduction of continuous worship, strengthening the personal composition of the population, delimitation of spiritual responsibilities, clarifying the affiliation of the printing house. However, maintaining the rhythm of worship and financial and economic activities established by the Basilians proved to be a difficult task, the solution of which required ten years of hard work. In order to make quick changes in the monastery, decisions were made by the emperor and senior government officials, and government agencies were involved at the local level, which required the coordination of actions of all parties to the process.

Lecturas posibles sobre la construcción del actor económico

2017 ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nicolás Gómez Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Basic Ideas

En tres breves capítulos, el artículo pone a disposición las ideas básicas que cruzan la reflexión sobre las actividades económicas que las personas realizan en condiciones de pobreza, destacándose la preocupación sobre si estos desempeños pueden constituirse en alternativas de crecimiento económico a nivel local o si ellas son actores que inciden en las políticas públicas que organizan los supuestos del desarrollo.Palabras clave Actividades Económicas Autogestionadas / Autonomía / Capacitación / Desarrollo Endógeno.Abstract:In three brief chapters, the article displays the basic ideas that intersect the reflection on the economic activities that people perform in conditions of poverty, standing out the concern whether these performances can constitute in alternatives of economic growth at the local level or whether they are activities that affect the public policies which organize the theories of development.Key words Self-managed economic activities / Autonomy / Training / Endogenous Development

scholarly journals Water Footprint and Virtual Water Trade of Maize in the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1769
Author(s):  
Maria Macarena Arrien ◽  
Maite M. Aldaya ◽  
Corina Iris Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Water Volumes ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
First Time

Agriculture is the largest fresh water consuming sector, and maize is the most produced and consumed crop worldwide. The water footprint (WF) methodology quantifies and evaluates the water volumes consumed and polluted by a given crop, as well as its impacts. In this work, we quantified for the first time the green WF (soil water from precipitation that is evapotranspired) and the green virtual water exports of maize from Buenos Aires province, Argentina, during 2016–2017, due to the relevance of this region in the world maize trade. Furthermore, at local level, we quantified the green, blue (evapotranspired irrigation), and grey (volume of water needed to assimilate a pollution load) WF of maize in a pilot basin. The green WF of maize in the province of Buenos Aires ranged between 170 and 730 m3/ton, with the highest values in the south following a pattern of yields. The contribution of this province in terms of green virtual water to the international maize trade reached 2213 hm3/year, allowing some water-scarce nations to ensure water and water-dependent food security and avoid further environmental impacts related to water. At the Napaleofú basin scale, the total WF of rainfed maize was 358 m3/ton (89% green and 11% grey) and 388 m3/ton (58% green, 25% blue, and 17% grey) for the irrigated crop, showing that there is not only a green WF behind the exported maize, but also a Nitrogen-related grey WF.

SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF KAUNAS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SECURITY IN PUBLIC SPACES AND GREEN RECREATIONAL AREAS / KAUNO MIESTO ERDVINĖS STRUKTŪROS ĮTAKA SAUGUMUI VIEŠOSIOSE ERDVĖSE IR ŽALIOSIOSE REKREACINĖSE TERITORIJOSE

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kęstutis Zaleckis ◽  
Irina Matijošaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Syntax Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Space Syntax Analysis ◽  
Crime Risks

In the article the influence of spatial structure on the safety of citizens in the public spaces is analyzed from the perspective of spatial determinism. The safety in green recreational areas is also discussed. Kaunas is chosen as the research polygon. Axial map of Kaunas was prepared while using both traditional method of space syntax and model of continuity lines. Method of overlapping layers was employed to combine the following data: space syntax analysis, crime, density of population, borders of the neighbourhoods, urban morphotypes, etc. The regularities of relations between spatial structure of Kaunas and higher crime risks were identified. Important conclusion is that the above mentioned regularities are stronger at the local level of urban structure. Santrauka Straipsnyje, žvelgiant iš erdvinio determinizmo pozicijų, analizuojama miesto erdvinės struktūros įtaka gyventojų saugumui viešosiose erdvėse, atskirai skiriant dėmesio ir saugumui žaliosiose rekreacinėse teritorijose. Pasirinkus Kauną kaip tyrimų poligoną, parengtas jo ašinis žemėlapis, taikant tradicinį ir tęstines linijas modeliuojantį erdvės sintaksės metodą. Taikant sluoksnių perdengimų metodą, sugretinus erdvės sintaksės tyrimų rezultatus, informaciją apie nusikalstamumą, gyventojų tankumo žemėlapį, teritorinių miesto vienetų ribas ir užstatymo morfotipus, išryškinti dėsningumai, susiejantys erdvinės miesto struktūros charakteristikas ir didesnę nusikalstamumo riziką. Nustatyti dėsningumai ryškesni kaimynysčių lygmenyje ir ne tokie ryškūs viso miesto lygmenyje.

scholarly journals The Nine Forms of the French Riviera: Classifying Urban Fabrics from the Pedestrian Perspective.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Araldi ◽  
Giovanni Fusco
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
French Riviera

The Nine Forms of the French Riviera: Classifying Urban Fabrics from the Pedestrian Perspective. Giovanni Fusco, Alessandro Araldi ¹Université Côte-Azur, CNRS, ESPACE - Bd. Eduard Herriot 98. 06200 Nice E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: French Riviera, Urban Fabrics, Urban Form Recognition, Geoprocessing Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology     Recent metropolitan growth produces new kinds of urban fabric, revealing different logics in the organization of urban space, but coexisting with more traditional urban fabrics in central cities and older suburbs. Having an overall view of the spatial patterns of urban fabrics in a vast metropolitan area is paramount for understanding the emerging spatial organization of the contemporary metropolis. The French Riviera is a polycentric metropolitan area of more than 1200 km2 structured around the old coastal cities of Nice, Cannes, Antibes and Monaco. XIX century and early XX century urban growth is now complemented by modern developments and more recent suburban areas. A large-scale analysis of urban fabrics can only be carried out through a new geoprocessing protocol, combining indicators of spatial relations within urban fabrics, geo-statistical analysis and Bayesian data-mining. Applied to the French Riviera, nine families of urban fabrics are identified and correlated to the historical periods of their production. Central cities are thus characterized by the combination of different families of pre-modern, dense, continuous built-up fabrics, as well as by modern discontinuous forms. More interestingly, fringe-belts in Nice and Cannes, as well as the techno-park of Sophia-Antipolis, combine a spinal cord of connective artificial fabrics having sparse specialized buildings, with the already mentioned discontinuous fabrics of modern urbanism. Further forms are identified in the suburban and “rurban” spaces around central cities. The proposed geoprocessing procedure is not intended to supersede traditional expert-base analysis of urban fabric. Rather, it should be considered as a complementary tool for large urban space analysis and as an input for studying urban form relation to socioeconomic phenomena. References   Conzen, M.R.G (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland : A Study in Town-Planning Analysis. (London, George Philip). Conzen, M.P. (2009) “How cities internalize their former urban fringe. A cross-cultural comparison”. Urban Morphology, 13, 29-54. Graff, P. (2014) Une ville d’exception. Nice, dans l'effervescence du 20° siècle. (Serre, Nice). Yamada I., Thill J.C. (2010) “Local indicators of network-constrained clusters in spatial patterns represented by a link attribute.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 100(2), 269-285. Levy, A. (1999) “Urban morphology and the problem of modern urban fabric : some questions for research”, Urban Morphology, 3(2), 79-85. Okabe, A. Sugihara, K. (2012) Spatial Analysis along Networks: Statistical and Computational Methods. (John Wiley and sons, UK).

scholarly journals Revising the position of a city block within the morphological frame of a traditional city: Contemporary perspectives

Spatium ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Nikovic ◽  
Vladan Djokic ◽  
Igor Maric
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
City Block ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The City ◽  
Synthetic Models ◽  
Contemporary Context

This paper investigates the basic theoretical concepts of urban morphology related to the phenomena of a traditional city and its constitutive elements, including the city block. The traditional city is not considered an absolute model, but a subject of morphological analysis, by which its characteristics are detected, classified and described, becoming a base for new synthetic models in the context of contemporary designing and planning. The paper provides theoretical support to further studies dealing with the practical application of theoretical knowledge and concepts of urban morphology in designing and planning. It points out that the key characteristics of a traditional city identified by morphological analysis are contained within the architectural and urban entity of a city block, which can, therefore, be considered a generative element of its urban structure. Given that the scale of a city block allows for morphological analysis, as well as providing recommendations for future urban development, these research results can be applied to the contemporary context of designing and planning. The paper fits into contemporary studies that link the fields of urban morphology and urban design.

Urban Transition in West Bengal, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 1258-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debarshi Guin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Governance ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Economic Base ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Urban Transition ◽  
History Of

Contemporary urbanization in India is in transition and this, along with the continuation of a ‘top heavy’ urban structure and gradual deindustrialization, is characterized by faster growth of informal employment, a declining trend of urban-ward migration of males, the slow down in the growth of cities and towns and the emergence of new urban centres. Given this immediate backdrop, this paper examines the contemporary processes and emerging forms of urban transition in West Bengal, with its longstanding history of ‘mono-centric’ urbanization. It reveals that urbanization in the state is no longer confined to a few pockets, as many new urban centres have emerged away from them and small towns are growing at relatively faster rates compared to the cities. But the underlying factors of this transition are not associated with the dispersal of economic activities and employment opportunities away from the metropolises. Furthermore, the study is sceptical about the significance of this emerging form of urbanization fuelled by the growth of small cities and towns which have a weak economic base, a crisis of urban governance and inadequate access to basic amenities.

Transportation and Urbanization in Caracas, 1891-1936

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jeffrey Stann
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The City

Urban morphology and growth have been studied by sociologists and others in the United States for half a century. A question raised in some recent studies is: To what extent are urban forms and growth processes universal? Sargent (1972) has proposed a universal model of urban dynamics intended “to relate processes to the spatial development,” particularly residential development, of the city. Sargent uses Buenos Aires between 1870 and 1930 as a case study. This article applies his model to another Latin American capital, Caracas, during approximately the same time period in order to demonstrate imperfections in the model as it relates to the way in which transportation systems expand, the forces which influence their expansion, and the manner in which they affect city growth.

scholarly journals Women's Voices in Civil Society Organizations: Evidence from a Civil Society Mapping Project in Mali

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Bleck ◽  
Jessica Gottlieb ◽  
Katrina Kosec
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Organizational Capacity ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
The State ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
Technical Capacity

How does women's engagement in civil society organizations (CSOs) differ from that of men, and what factors predict women's willingness to hold the state accountable? We analyze these questions in the context of rural and urban Mali, leveraging face-to-face data collected as part of a civil society mapping project during February -- March 2020 and December 2020, and an in-depth survey conducted with leaders from a randomly-selected subset of these CSOs during January -- March 2021. First, we explore the characteristics of women's groups compared to other CSOs. Second, we explore their likelihood of sanctioning a hypothetical corrupt mayor. We use an embedded survey experiment to try to understand these groups' willingness to report on the mayor as well as the payments they expect to receive from the mayor in order to not share information about the mayor's corruption. We find that women in Mali are often highly organized at the local level---frequently in self-help groups or organizations related to gendered economic activities. However, these more economically-focused groupings of Malian women frequently do not translate into civic activity. They are not typically recognized by outside actors as viable CSOs that could incentivize better governance; their strong networks and group infrastructure represent untapped social capital. We also find that CSOs comprised of women have lower informational and technical capacity, especially due to lower levels of political knowledge, and incur a higher cost of sanctioning public officials---though they have greater mobilization capacity. Women's engagement in decision-making in the home also predicts one's CSO being more hierarchical and having greater technical capacity, as well as having higher expected transfers from the mayor---findings that do not vary with respondent or CSO gender. Turning to the extent to which women involved in CSOs are willing to sanction the state, we find that they are generally less willing than men to sanction, but become more likely when their CSO is less hierarchical, when their technical capacity is higher, and when their political knowledge is greater. However, priming their importance as a CSO (by telling them they were identified by well-connected citizens as being influential) actually reduces sanctioning---perhaps by making them fear that those recommending them will engage in reprisals. Overall, our findings provide useful evidence on the organizational capacity of women and how it is likely to affect the state.

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