scholarly journals Modeling inundation of seasonally flooded wetlands at McCarran Ranch on Truckee River, USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 3711-3740 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Chen ◽  
L. Chen ◽  
J. Zhao ◽  
Z. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Flux Ratio ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Truckee River ◽  
Inundation Area ◽  
Overbank Flow ◽  
Floodplain Inundation ◽  
Channel Constriction

Abstract. This paper among the first presents the application and validation of a hydrodynamic model (Adaptive Hydraulics model, AdH) of the McCarran ranch. We use the AdH model with topographic data by combining the DEM data from USGS seamless server and the ESRI tin data from United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to predict floodplain inundation for a river reach of ~10 km located at lower Truckee River in Nevada state. We tested the mesh independence, sensitivity of input parameters and time steps, and then compared the modeling results to the existing gauged data (both the discharge and water stage heights). Results show that the accuracy of prediction from AdH model can decline slightly at higher discharge and water levels. The modeling results are much sensitive to the roughness coefficient of main channel, suggesting the model calibration should give priority to the main channel roughness. The simulation results suggest that large flood events could lead to a significantly higher proportion of total flow that routed through the floodplains. During peak discharge, a river channel constriction diverted as much as 65% of the river's 512.3 m3s−1 discharge into the floodplain. During the overbank flow, the transboundary flux ratio is about 5–45% of the total river discharge. Results also showed that both the relation of inundation area and volume between the discharge exhibit an apparent looped curve form.

scholarly journals Modeling the hydrodynamic interactions between the main channel and the floodplain at McCarran Ranch in the lower Truckee River, Nevada

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2161-2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Chen ◽  
L. Chen ◽  
J. Zhao ◽  
Z. Yu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Flux Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Routing ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Truckee River ◽  
Overbank Flow

Abstract. This study applied the two-dimensional AdH (adaptive hydraulics) hydrodynamic model to a river reach to analyze flood hydraulics on complex floodplains. Using the AdH model combined with bathymetry and topographic data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) seamless server and the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), we intended to examine the interactions between the channel and floodplain of a 10 km stretch at McCarran Ranch, which is located at the lower Truckee River in Nevada. After calibrating the model, we tested the dependence of the modeling results on mesh density, input parameters, and time steps and compared the modeling results to the existing gauged data (both the discharge and water stage heights). Results show that the accuracy of prediction from the AdH model may decline slightly at higher discharges and water levels. The modeling results are more sensitive to the roughness coefficient of the main channel, which suggests that the model calibration should give priority to the main channel roughness. A detailed analysis of the floodwater dynamics was then conducted using the modeling approach to examine the hydraulic linkage between the main channel and floodplains. We found that large flood events could lead to a significantly higher proportion of total flow being routed through the floodplains. During peak discharges, a river channel diverted as much as 65 % of the total discharge into the floodplain. During the periods of overbank flow, the transboundary flux ratio was approximately 5 to 45 % of the total river discharge, which indicates substantial exchange between the main channel and floodplains. The results also showed that both the relations of the inundation area and volume versus the discharge exhibit an apparent looped curve form, which suggests that flood routing has an areal hysteresis effect on floodplains.

scholarly journals Discharge and location dependency of calibrated main channel roughness: Case study on the River Waal

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 06038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyan C.A. Domhof ◽  
Koen D. Berends ◽  
Aukje Spruyt ◽  
Jord J. Warmink ◽  
Suzanne J.M.H. Hulscher
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Bed Sediment ◽  
Hydraulic Roughness ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Bed Roughness ◽  
River Models

To accurately predict water levels, river models require an appropriate description of the hydraulic roughness. The bed roughness increases as river dunes grow with increasing discharge and the roughness depends on differences in channel width, bed level and bed sediment. Therefore, we hypothesize that the calibrated main channel roughness coefficient is most sensitive to the discharge and location in longitudinal direction of the river. The roughness is determined by calibrating the Manning coefficient of the main channel in a 1D hydrodynamic model. The River Waal in the Netherlands is used as a case study. Results show that the calibrated roughness is mainly sensitive to discharge. Especially the transition from bankfull to flood stage and effects of floodplain compartmentation are important features to consider in the calibration as these produce more accurate water level predictions. Moreover, the downstream boundary condition also has a large effect on the calibrated roughness values near the boundary.

scholarly journals Flood Inundation Assessment in the Low-Lying River Basin Considering Extreme Rainfall Impacts and Topographic Vulnerability

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Thanh Thu Nguyen ◽  
Makoto Nakatsugawa ◽  
Tomohito J. Yamada ◽  
Tsuyoshi Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Inundation Area ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Inundation Duration ◽  
Short Time

This study aims to evaluate the change in flood inundation in the Chitose River basin (CRB), a tributary of the Ishikari River, considering the extreme rainfall impacts and topographic vulnerability. The changing impacts were assessed using a large-ensemble rainfall dataset with a high resolution of 5 km (d4PDF) as input data for the rainfall–runoff–inundation (RRI) model. Additionally, the prediction of time differences between the peak discharge in the Chitose River and peak water levels at the confluence point intersecting the Ishikari River were improved compared to the previous study. Results indicate that due to climatic changes, extreme river floods are expected to increase by 21–24% in the Ishikari River basin (IRB), while flood inundation is expected to be severe and higher in the CRB, with increases of 24.5, 46.5, and 13.8% for the inundation area, inundation volume, and peak inundation depth, respectively. Flood inundation is likely to occur in the CRB downstream area with a frequency of 90–100%. Additionally, the inundation duration is expected to increase by 5–10 h here. Moreover, the short time difference (0–10 h) is predicted to increase significantly in the CRB. This study provides useful information for policymakers to mitigate flood damage in vulnerable areas.

Application of a rainfall-runoff model for regional-scale flood inundation mapping for the Langat River Basin

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-383
Author(s):  
Majid Mirzaei ◽  
Mina Faghih ◽  
Tan Pei Ying ◽  
Ahmed El-Shafie ◽  
Yuk Feng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Peak Flows ◽  
Langat River ◽  
Maximum Flows

Rapid growth in recent decades has changed engineering concepts about the approach to controlling storm water in cities. Over the past years flood events have occurred more frequently in several countries in the tropics. In this study the behavior of Langat River in Malaysia was analyzed using the hydrodynamic modeling software (HEC-RAS) developed by the ‘Hydrologic Engineering Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’, to simulate different water levels and flow rates corresponding to different return periods from the available database. The aim was to forecast peak flows, based on rainfall data and the maximum rate of precipitation in different return periods in storms of different duration. The maximum flows were obtained from the Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment tool for the different return periods, and the peak flows from extreme rainfall were applied to HEC-RAS to simulate different water levels and flow rates corresponding to different return periods. The water level along the river and its tributaries could then be analyzed for different flow conditions.

The role of coastal wetlands in reducing back bay flooding: New Jersey Back Bays case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Slusarczyk ◽  
Mary Cialone
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Bay Area

<p>This paper will provide an analysis of the numerical modeled water levels in the vicinity of New Jersey Back Bays (NJBB) coastal wetlands in response to wave and surge forcing. The main focus of the analysis is to evaluate the contribution of the wetlands to reduce storm and flood risk, resist and recover from storms, and mitigate for degradation of the NJBB shorelines.  In order to provide information that addresses these needs, the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) evaluated a set of “high” ranked Engineering with Nature (EWN)/ Natural and Nature Based Features (NNBF) measures through an application of the predictive numerical models ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) and STeady-state spectral WAVE (STWAVE) coupled via the Coastal Storm Modeling System (CSTORM-MS).</p><p>The ERDC modeling team developed a priority list of wetland configurations to evaluate, grouped into four categories: 1) Base Option designed to determine the maximum feasible benefits from a subset of NNBF measures, 2) Option 1 designed to determine how the benefits scale with NNBF size, 3) Option 2 designed to determine how the current marsh extent contributes to flood risk, 4) Option 3 designed to determine the interaction of waves with proposed NNBF measures predominantly in the Barnegat Bay area.</p><p>The above configurations were subject to wind forcing composed of a statistically-selected subset of synthetic tropical cyclones that were part of North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study (NACCS) storm suite. An analysis of the effectiveness of the wetland configurations was performed with respect to the following criteria: maximum surge envelopes, water level time series, and characteristics of tropical storm forcing conditions.</p>

Reconstructing a hydraulic model for historic flood levels in the city of Bath, United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna Stamataki ◽  
Thomas Kjeldsen
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The City

<p>Assessing the risk of future flood events and the implications for flood risk in cities is an economically and socially costly problem. In this research, we assess the utility of documentary evidence of past flood events for contemporary flood risk assessments to reduce the uncertainty in flood frequency estimation due to the interpolation from short annual maximum series (AMS) records.</p><p>The historical city of Bath, United Kingdom, developed in close relation to the River Avon, and evidence of flooding in the city of Bath can be traced back to Roman occupation. For this research a particularly rich record of historical evidence was chosen occurring from the 19<sup>th</sup> century onwards with flood marks on buildings through-out the city as well as documentary evidence in contemporary newspapers and technical reports. The earliest flood mark found in the city of Bath dates to 1823 with 15 more extreme floods after that marked as well. The extensive flooding in 1947 initiated work on what eventually became the present-day Bath flood protection scheme (BFS) which was implemented after the 1960 catalyst flood event.</p><p>Using an existing one-dimensional hydraulic model representing the current hydraulic system of the River Avon in Bath, a historical survey of how the river and its management has changed over time was conducted. The model was developed using historical evidence (e.g. maps, flood marks, photographs, newspaper articles etc), surveyed river cross sections, recorded and design hydrographs from National datasets.</p><p>The 1960 flood is reconstructed numerically using all available data, from flood marks to old surveyed river cross sections.  The resulting hydraulic model is used to investigate the effect of the Bath Flood Defence Scheme. Sensitivity studies with different values for the roughness coefficient are also presented in order to assess the uncertainty on water levels during extreme events. Finally, the numerically reconstructed historical peak flood discharge is compared with the results obtained using a simple Manning equation approach to assess the two methods. This paper demonstrates how hydraulic modelling can be applied to historical data and offers considerable potential to further investigations in the improvement of design flood flows.</p>

scholarly journals Tailings-flow runout analysis: Examining the applicability of a semi-physical area–volume relationship using a novel database

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negar Ghahramani ◽  
Andrew Mitchell ◽  
Nahyan M. Rana ◽  
Scott McDougall ◽  
Stephen G. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Inundation Area ◽  
Tailings Dams ◽  
Volume Relationship ◽  
Significant Life ◽  
Volcanic Debris ◽  
Critical Components

Abstract. Tailings-flows result from the breach of tailings dams. Large-scale tailings-flows can travel over substantial distances with high velocities and cause significant life loss, environmental damage and economic costs. Runout modelling and inundation mapping are critical components of risk assessment for tailings dams. In an attempt to develop consistency in reporting tailings data, we established a new tailings-flow runout classification system. Our data analysis applies to the zone corresponding to the extent of the main solid tailings deposit, which is characterized by visible or field-confirmed sedimentation, above typical surface water levels if extending into downstream water bodies. We introduced a new database of 33 tailings dam breaches by independently estimating the planimetric inundation area for each event using remote sensing data. This paper examines the applicability of a semi-physical area–volume relationship using the new database. Our results indicate that the equation A = cV2/3, which has been used previously to characterize the mobility of other types of mass movements, is a statistically-justifiable choice for the relationship between total released volume and planimetric inundation area. Our analysis suggests that, for a given volume, tailings-flows are, on average, less mobile than lahars but more mobile than non-volcanic debris flows, rock avalanches and waste dump failures.

scholarly journals Identification of Scouring Zones in Ungauged River by Simulation: The Case of Galal Badrah River, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Kareem Abd Ali Kareem ◽  
Hayder A.K. AL-Thamiry
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Maximum Discharge ◽  
The Right ◽  
Seasonally Flooded ◽  
And Storage ◽  
River Cross Section

Galal Badrah River is one of Iraqi-Iranian border crossing rivers. This river is usually seasonally flooded during any time started from January to May. Its maximum discharge is 2200 m3/s which was recorded during 1985. During floods, banks of this river at many locations need protection against scour problem during floods. A small dam was constructed on this river in 2010 for the purposes of flood control and storage of water.  The weir of the dam has a design discharge of 1250 m3/s. Sediments started to accumulate in the reservoir of the dam that reduce its design capacity to 10% during 2017. The flow of Galal Badrah River was simulated by using HEC-RAS 5.0.3 models. were used to simulate by using. Two hydrographs were used at upstream side of the river, one with a maximum discharge of 1250 m3/s and the other is of 2200 m3/s. A normal flow depth is used as a downstream boundary condition. Results of the simulation showed that the velocities to be higher than allowable velocity of scouring. The protection of Galal Badrah river by stack boulders is suggested to be used to avoid the scour at the river bank. The protection will increase Manning’s roughness coefficient from 0.028 to 0.10. The percentage of reduction in velocities after the river protection for the discharges of 1250 and 2200 m3/s were found to be 65.23% and 60.55%, respectively. The reduction in velocity caused increase in the river water levels. As a result, a flood embankment is required to be constructed on the right bank of the river with a height ranges from 2.5 to 5.6 m depending on the water depth at river cross section.

scholarly journals Hydrologiczne uwarunkowania morfogenezy wybranych erozyjnych form rzeźby równi zalewowej na przykładzie doliny Bugu

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Piotr Ostrowski ◽  
Marta Utratna
Keyword(s):  
Flow Direction ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Oxbow Lakes ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Ice Storms ◽  
Overbank Flow ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between hydrological conditions and morphogenesis of erosional landforms on the floodplain of the Bug river valley. It was found that forms such as side arms and oxbow lakes as a result of cyclical floods are subject to secondary erosion. The main reason for this phenomenon is the fact that they combine strings of overbank flow direction. In the case of ice storms, these forms take on the role of the main channel limiting the effects of floods.

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