Reconstructing a hydraulic model for historic flood levels in the city of Bath, United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna Stamataki ◽  
Thomas Kjeldsen
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The City

<p>Assessing the risk of future flood events and the implications for flood risk in cities is an economically and socially costly problem. In this research, we assess the utility of documentary evidence of past flood events for contemporary flood risk assessments to reduce the uncertainty in flood frequency estimation due to the interpolation from short annual maximum series (AMS) records.</p><p>The historical city of Bath, United Kingdom, developed in close relation to the River Avon, and evidence of flooding in the city of Bath can be traced back to Roman occupation. For this research a particularly rich record of historical evidence was chosen occurring from the 19<sup>th</sup> century onwards with flood marks on buildings through-out the city as well as documentary evidence in contemporary newspapers and technical reports. The earliest flood mark found in the city of Bath dates to 1823 with 15 more extreme floods after that marked as well. The extensive flooding in 1947 initiated work on what eventually became the present-day Bath flood protection scheme (BFS) which was implemented after the 1960 catalyst flood event.</p><p>Using an existing one-dimensional hydraulic model representing the current hydraulic system of the River Avon in Bath, a historical survey of how the river and its management has changed over time was conducted. The model was developed using historical evidence (e.g. maps, flood marks, photographs, newspaper articles etc), surveyed river cross sections, recorded and design hydrographs from National datasets.</p><p>The 1960 flood is reconstructed numerically using all available data, from flood marks to old surveyed river cross sections.  The resulting hydraulic model is used to investigate the effect of the Bath Flood Defence Scheme. Sensitivity studies with different values for the roughness coefficient are also presented in order to assess the uncertainty on water levels during extreme events. Finally, the numerically reconstructed historical peak flood discharge is compared with the results obtained using a simple Manning equation approach to assess the two methods. This paper demonstrates how hydraulic modelling can be applied to historical data and offers considerable potential to further investigations in the improvement of design flood flows.</p>

scholarly journals Modelisation Hydraulique Mono Dimensionnel Par HEC RAS, Application Sur L’oued Aggay (Ville De Sefrou)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meriam Lahsaini ◽  
Hassan Tabyaoui
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Hydrological Study ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
The City

The city of Sefrou, because of its geographical position, its cultural heritage and urban planning, than economically, is classified as one of the sites with a vulnerability particular to floods. Oued Aggay, the subject of this study, constitutes a danger potential because of the violence of its floods. In this perspective that comes this study that part of the creation and management of a spatial database on flood risk in the Sebou basin. It aims to spatialize the extent of the floods of Oued Aggay and propose solutions to protection the city of Sefrou against floods. The chosen approach goes through a hydrological study, the choice of profiles and the construction of onedimensional model from HEC RAS hydrology software. This study allowed us to simulate floods by statistical methods, identify flood zones and determine the different water levels in the flooded area for the Oued Aggay watershed.

scholarly journals Flood forecasting using a coupled hydrological and hydraulic model (based on FVM) and highresolution meteorological model

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 06028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Sanz-Ramos ◽  
Arnau Amengual ◽  
Ernest Bladé ◽  
Romu Romero ◽  
Hélène Roux
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Risk Assessment ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

A forecasting systems based on the coupling of meteorological, hydrologic, hydraulic and risk models is used to minimize the risks associated to water scarcity and flooding. The fulfilment of such complex forecasting chains can allow obtaining information of the most plausible scenarios of water and risk management up to 96 hours ahead. In the present work, flood forecasting was carried out for different events in the upper La Muga basin (including the reservoir), within the European project “Flood Risk Assessment and Management in the Pyrenees” (http://pgriepm. eu/). The main purpose of the project was to develop a method to optimize the management of flood scenarios in order to minimize the flood risk while maximizing the water resources. The good fit of all the models, obtaining the forecasting rainfall and converting the overland flow in water levels in the reservoir, can give tools and important information to the authorities or dam managers for suitable management during the extreme rainfall and flood events.

scholarly journals Assimilating SAR-derived water level data into a hydraulic model: a case study

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2103-2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Giustarini ◽  
P. Matgen ◽  
R. Hostache ◽  
M. Montanari ◽  
D. Plaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Filter ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Hydraulic Models ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Water Level Data ◽  
Assimilation Scheme

Abstract. Satellite-based active microwave sensors not only provide synoptic overviews of flooded areas, but also offer an effective way to estimate spatially distributed river water levels. If rapidly produced and processed, these data can be used for updating hydraulic models in near real-time. The usefulness of such approaches with real event data sets provided by currently existing sensors has yet to be demonstrated. In this case study, a Particle Filter-based assimilation scheme is used to integrate ERS-2 SAR and ENVISAT ASAR-derived water level data into a one-dimensional (1-D) hydraulic model of the Alzette River. Two variants of the Particle Filter assimilation scheme are proposed with a global and local particle weighting procedure. The first option finds the best water stage line across all cross sections, while the second option finds the best solution at individual cross sections. The variant that is to be preferred depends on the level of confidence that is attributed to the observations or to the model. The results show that the Particle Filter-based assimilation of remote sensing-derived water elevation data provides a significant reduction to the model forecast uncertainty. Moreover, it is shown that the periodical updating of hydraulic models through the proposed assimilation scheme leads to an improvement of model predictions over several time steps. However, the performance of the assimilation depends on the skill of the hydraulic model and the quality of the observation data.

Design and construction of a 3 km (2 mi) long shoreline protection system for the City of Luna Pier

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-309
Author(s):  
N. K. Becker ◽  
H. R. Patterson ◽  
J. A. McCorquodale
Keyword(s):  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Concrete Wall ◽  
Longshore Transport ◽  
Final Design ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

In 1982, N.K. Becker & Associates Ltd. designed a precast concrete flood protection and beach restoration system for the 3 km (2 mi) long Lake Erie shoreline of the City of Luna Pier, Michigan. The construction of these works, which included beach sills, shorewalls, and a marina basin, was completed in 1984.The shorewall system is unique in that it was designed of interconnected, open-ended, earth-filled, thin-walled precast concrete cylinders, placed on-end and in-line to form a continuous wall. This seawall design was selected by the City of Luna Pier over alternative systems because it was estimated to cost 50% less than conventional steel sheet piling or cast-in-place concrete systems.During the final design, hydraulic model tests were carried out at both the University of Michigan and the University of Windsor to study the uprush, scour, longshore transport, and wave pressure characteristics of the proposed system. The methods used to design this economical and functional flood protection system are presented along with an analysis of its performance to date. Key words: beach, beach sill, flushing, hydraulic model testing, ice, longshore drift, overtopping, precast cellular concrete wall system, scour, shorewall, uprush, water levels, waves, wave deflector.

scholarly journals Discharge estimation combining flow routing and occasional measurements of velocity

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2979-2994 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Corato ◽  
T. Moramarco ◽  
T. Tucciarelli
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Maximum Surface ◽  
Manning’S Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Discharge Estimation

Abstract. A new procedure is proposed for estimating river discharge hydrographs during flood events, using only water level data at a single gauged site, as well as 1-D shallow water modelling and occasional maximum surface flow velocity measurements. One-dimensional diffusive hydraulic model is used for routing the recorded stage hydrograph in the channel reach considering zero-diffusion downstream boundary condition. Based on synthetic tests concerning a broad prismatic channel, the "suitable" reach length is chosen in order to minimize the effect of the approximated downstream boundary condition on the estimation of the upstream discharge hydrograph. The Manning's roughness coefficient is calibrated by using occasional instantaneous surface velocity measurements during the rising limb of flood that are used to estimate instantaneous discharges by adopting, in the flow area, a two-dimensional velocity distribution model. Several historical events recorded in three gauged sites along the upper Tiber River, wherein reliable rating curves are available, have been used for the validation. The outcomes of the analysis can be summarized as follows: (1) the criterion adopted for selecting the "suitable" channel length based on synthetic test studies has proved to be reliable for field applications to three gauged sites. Indeed, for each event a downstream reach length not more than 500 m is found to be sufficient, for a good performances of the hydraulic model, thereby enabling the drastic reduction of river cross-sections data; (2) the procedure for Manning's roughness coefficient calibration allowed for high performance in discharge estimation just considering the observed water levels and occasional measurements of maximum surface flow velocity during the rising limb of flood. Indeed, errors in the peak discharge magnitude, for the optimal calibration, were found not exceeding 5% for all events observed in the three investigated gauged sections, while the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency was, on average, greater than 0.95. Therefore, the proposed procedure well lend itself to be applied for: (1) the extrapolation of rating curve over the field of velocity measurements (2) discharge estimations in different cross sections during the same flood event using occasional surface flow velocity measures carried out, for instance, by hand-held radar sensors.

scholarly journals Assimilating SAR-derived water level data into a hydraulic model: a case study

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2349-2365 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Giustarini ◽  
P. Matgen ◽  
R. Hostache ◽  
M. Montanari ◽  
D. Plaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Filter ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Hydraulic Model ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Hydraulic Models ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Water Level Data ◽  
Assimilation Scheme

Abstract. Satellite-based active microwave sensors not only provide synoptic overviews of flooded areas, but also offer an effective way to estimate spatially distributed river water levels. If rapidly produced and processed, these data can be used for updating hydraulic models in near real-time. The usefulness of such approaches with real event data sets provided by currently existing sensors has yet to be demonstrated. In this case study, a Particle Filter-based assimilation scheme is used to integrate ERS-2 SAR and ENVISAT ASAR-derived water level data into a one-dimensional (1-D) hydraulic model of the Alzette River. Two variants of the Particle Filter assimilation scheme are proposed with a global and local particle weighting procedure. The first option finds the best water stage line across all cross sections, while the second option finds the best solution at individual cross sections. The variant that is to be preferred depends on the level of confidence that is attributed to the observations or to the model. The results show that the Particle Filter-based assimilation of remote sensing-derived water elevation data provides a significant reduction in the uncertainty at the analysis step. Moreover, it is shown that the periodical updating of hydraulic models through the proposed assimilation scheme leads to an improvement of model predictions over several time steps. However, the performance of the assimilation depends on the skill of the hydraulic model and the quality of the observation data.

Flood Risk for Power Plant using the Hydraulic Model and Adaptation Strategy

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-295
Author(s):  
Thanh Tuu Nguyen ◽  
Seungdo Kim ◽  
Pham Dang Tri Van ◽  
Jeejae Lim ◽  
Beomsik Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Hydraulic Model

Forecasting the fl ood situation using space images in the city of Tavda Sverdlovsk region

2018 ◽  
Vol 934 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
A.S. Bruskova ◽  
T.I. Levitskaya ◽  
D.M. Haydukova
Keyword(s):  
Water Levels ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Geoinformation System ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Geoinformation Systems ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
The City

Flooding is a dangerous phenomenon, causing emergency situations and causing material damage, capable of damaging health, and even death of people. To reduce the risk and economic damage from flooding, it is necessary to forecast flooding areas. An effective method of forecasting emergency situations due to flooding is the method of remote sensing of the Earth with integration into geoinformation systems. With the help of satellite imagery, a model of flooding was determined based on the example of Tavda, the Sverdlovsk Region. Space images are loaded into the geoinformation system and on their basis a series of thematic layers is created, which contains information about the zones of possible flooding at given water level marks. The determination of the area of flooding is based on the calculation of the availability of maximum water levels at hydrological stations. According to the calculated security data, for each hydrological post, flood zones are constructed by interpolation between pre-calculated flood zones of standard security. The results of the work can be used by the Main Directorate of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of Russia for the Sverdlovsk Region.

scholarly journals Flood Risk and Adaptation Strategies for Soybean Production Systems on the Flood-Prone Pampas under Climate Change

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187
Author(s):  
Wouter Julius Smolenaars ◽  
Spyridon Paparrizos ◽  
Saskia Werners ◽  
Fulco Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Drying Trend ◽  
Sowing Season

In recent decades, multiple flood events have had a devastating impact on soybean production in Argentina. Recent advances suggest that the frequency and intensity of destructive flood events on the Argentinian Pampas will increase under pressure from climate change. This paper provides bottom-up insight into the flood risk for soybean production systems under climate change and the suitability of adaptation strategies in two of the most flood-prone areas of the Pampas region. The flood risk perceptions of soybean producers were explored through interviews, translated into climatic indicators and then studied using a multi-model climate data analysis. Soybean producers perceived the present flood risk for rural accessibility to be of the highest concern, especially during the harvest and sowing seasons when heavy machinery needs to reach soybean lots. An analysis of climatic change projections found a rising trend in annual and harvest precipitation and a slight drying trend during the sowing season. This indicates that the flood risk for harvest accessibility may increase under climate change. Several adaptation strategies were identified that can systemically address flood risks, but these require collaborative action and cannot be undertaken by individual producers. The results suggest that if cooperative adaptation efforts are not made in the short term, the continued increase in flood risk may force soybean producers in the case study locations to shift away from soybean towards more robust land uses.

scholarly journals Upgrading a District Heating System by Means of the Integration of Modular Heat Pumps, Geothermal Waters, and PVs for Resilient and Sustainable Urban Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2347
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Hałaj ◽  
Jarosław Kotyza ◽  
Marek Hajto ◽  
Grzegorz Pełka ◽  
Wojciech Luboń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The City

Krakow has an extensive district heating network, which is approximately 900 km long. It is the second largest city in terms of the number of inhabitants in Poland, resulting in a high demand for energy—for both heating and cooling. The district heating of the city is based on coal. The paper presents the conception of using the available renewable sources to integrate them into the city’s heating system, increasing the flexibility of the system and its decentralization. An innovative solution of the use of hybrid, modular heat pumps with power dependent on the needs of customers in a given location and combining them with geothermal waters and photovoltaics is presented. The potential of deep geothermal waters is based on two reservoirs built of carbonate rocks, namely Devonian and Upper Jurassic, which mainly consist of dolomite and limestone. The theoretical potential of water intake equal to the nominal heating capacity of a geothermal installation is estimated at 3.3 and 2.0 MW, respectively. Shallow geothermal energy potential varies within the city, reflecting the complex geological structure of the city. Apart from typical borehole heat exchangers (BHEs), the shallower water levels may represent a significant potential source for both heating and cooling by means of water heat pumps. For the heating network, it has been proposed to use modular heat pumps with hybrid sources, which will allow for the flexible development of the network in places previously unavailable or unprofitable. In the case of balancing production and demand, a photovoltaic installation can be an effective and sufficient source of electricity that will cover the annual electricity demand generated by the heat pump installation, when it is used for both heating and cooling. The alternating demand of facilities for heating and cooling energy, caused by changes in the seasons, suggests potential for using seasonal cold and heat storage.

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