scholarly journals Numerical study of hydrodynamic and salinity transport processes in the Pink Beach wetlands of the Liao River estuary, China

Ocean Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiting Qiao ◽  
Mingliang Zhang ◽  
Hengzhi Jiang ◽  
Tianping Xu ◽  
Hongxing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Interaction Studies ◽  
Salinity Transport ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Interaction studies of vegetation within flow environments are essential for the determination of bank protection, morphological characteristics and ecological conditions for wetlands. This paper uses the MIKE 21 hydrodynamic and salinity model to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics and salinity transport processes in the Pink Beach wetlands of the Liao River estuary. The effect of wetland plants on tidal flow in wetland areas is represented by a varying Manning coefficient in the bottom friction term. Acquisition of the vegetation distribution is based on Landsat TM satellites by remote sensing techniques. Detailed comparisons between field observation and simulated results of water depth, salinity and tidal currents are presented in the vegetated domain of the Pink Beach wetlands. Satisfactory results were obtained from simulations of both flow characteristics and salinity concentration, with or without vegetation. A numerical experiment was conducted based on variations in vegetation density, and compared with the tidal currents in non-vegetated areas; the computed current speed decreased remarkably with an increase in vegetation density. The impact of vegetation on water depth and salinity was simulated, and the findings revealed that wetland vegetation has an insignificant effect on the water depth and salinity in this wetland domain. Several stations (from upstream to downstream) in the Pink Beach wetlands were selected to estimate the longitudinal variation of salinity under different river runoff conditions; the results showed that salinity concentration decreases with an increase in river runoff. This study can consequently help increase the understanding of favourable salinity conditions for particular vegetation growth in the Pink Beach wetlands of the Liao River estuary. The results also provide crucial guidance for related interaction studies of vegetation, flow and salinity in other wetland systems.

scholarly journals Analytical and numerical study of the salinity intrusion in the Sebou river estuary (Morocco). Effect of the "Super Blood Moon" (total lunar eclipse) of 2015

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soufiane Haddout ◽  
Mohammed Igouzal ◽  
Abdellatif Maslouhi
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Event ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Lunar Eclipse ◽  
Salinity Intrusion ◽  
Salt Intrusion ◽  
Salinity Transport ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The longitudinal variation of salinity and the maximum salinity intrusion length in an alluvial estuary are important environmental concerns for policy makers and managers since they influence water quality, water utilization and agricultural development in estuarine environments and the potential use of water resources in general. Total eclipses of Super-Moons are rare. According to NASA, they have only occurred five times in the 1900s – in 1910, 1928, 1946, 1964 and 1982. After the 28 September 2015 Total lunar eclipse, a Super-Bloodmoon eclipse will not recur before 8 October 2033. In this paper, for the first time, the impact of the total lunar eclipse (Super Blood Moon) on the salinity intrusion along an estuary is studied. The 28 September 2015 total lunar eclipse is focused by the study and the Sebou river estuary (Morocco) is taking as an application area. The Sebou estuary is an area with high agricultural potential, is becoming one of the most important industrial zones in Morocco and it is experiencing a salt intrusion problem. Hydrodynamic equations for tidal wave propagation coupled with (Savenije theory), and a numerical salinity transport model (HEC-RAS) are applied to study the impact of the total lunar eclipse on the salinity intrusion. Intensive salinity measurements during this extreme event were recorded along the Sebou estuary. Measurements showed a modification of the shape of axial salinity profiles and a notable water elevation rise, compared with normal situations. The two optimization parameters (Van Der Burgh's and dispersion coefficients) of the analytical model are estimated based on the Levenberg–Marquardt's algorithm (i.e. solving non-linear least squares problems). The salinity transport model was calibrated and validated using field data. The results show that the two models described very well salt intrusion during the total lunar eclipse day. A good-fit between computed salinity and measurements is obtained, as verified by statistical performance tests. These two models can give a rapid assessment of salinity distribution and consequently help to ensure the safety of water supply, even during such infrequent astronomical phenomenon.

scholarly journals Analytical and numerical study of the salinity intrusion in the Sebou river estuary (Morocco) – effect of the “Super Blood Moon” (total lunar eclipse) of 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 3923-3945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soufiane Haddout ◽  
Mohammed Igouzal ◽  
Abdellatif Maslouhi
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Event ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Lunar Eclipse ◽  
Salinity Intrusion ◽  
Salt Intrusion ◽  
Salinity Transport ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The longitudinal variation of salinity and the maximum salinity intrusion length in an alluvial estuary are important environmental concerns for policy makers and managers since they influence water quality, water utilization and agricultural development in estuarine environments and the potential use of water resources in general. The supermoon total lunar eclipse is a rare event. According to NASA, they have only occurred 5 times in the 1900s – in 1910, 1928, 1946, 1964 and 1982. After the 28 September 2015 total lunar eclipse, a Super Blood Moon eclipse will not recur before 8 October 2033. In this paper, for the first time, the impact of the combination of a supermoon and a total lunar eclipse on the salinity intrusion along an estuary is studied. The 28 September 2015 supermoon total lunar eclipse is the focus of this study and the Sebou river estuary (Morocco) is used as an application area. The Sebou estuary is an area with high agricultural potential, is becoming one of the most important industrial zones in Morocco and it is experiencing a salt intrusion problem. Hydrodynamic equations for tidal wave propagation coupled with the Savenije theory and a numerical salinity transport model (HEC-RAS software "Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System") are applied to study the impact of the supermoon total lunar eclipse on the salinity intrusion. Intensive salinity measurements during this extreme event were recorded along the Sebou estuary. Measurements showed a modification of the shape of axial salinity profiles and a notable water elevation rise, compared with normal situations. The two optimization parameters (Van der Burgh's and dispersion coefficients) of the analytical model are estimated based on the Levenberg–Marquardt's algorithm (i.e., solving nonlinear least-squares problems). The salinity transport model was calibrated and validated using field data. The results show that the two models described very well the salt intrusion during the supermoon total lunar eclipse day. A good fit between computed salinity and measurements is obtained, as verified by statistical performance tests. These two models can give a rapid assessment of salinity distribution and consequently help to ensure the safety of the water supply, even during such infrequent astronomical phenomenon.

scholarly journals Numerical study of hydrodynamic and salinity transport process in Pink Beach wetlands of Liao River Estuary, China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiting Qiao ◽  
Mingliang Zhang ◽  
Hengzhi Jiang ◽  
Tianping Xu ◽  
Hongxing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transport Process ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Spring Tide ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Salinity Transport ◽  
Friction Term

Abstract. The interaction study of vegetation with the flow environment is essential for the determination of the bank protection, morphological characteristics and ecological conditions for the wetlands. This paper uses MIKE 21 hydrodynamic and salinity model to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics and salinity transport process in Pink Beach wetlands of Liao River estuary. The effect of wetland plant on tidal flow in areas of wetland waters is represented by a varying Manning's coefficient in the bottom friction term. Acquisition of vegetation distribution is based on Landsat TM satellites through remote sensing techniques. The detailed comparisons between field observation and simulated result of water depth, salinity and tidal currents at neap tide and spring tide are presented in vegetated domain of Pink Beach. Satisfactory results are obtained in simulating both flow characteristic and salinity concentration with or without vegetation. Several stations from upstream to downstream in the Pink Beach are selected to estimate the longitudinal variation of salinity under different river runoffs and the results show that the salinity concentration decreases with an increase of river runoff. This study can help to increase understanding of the favorable salinity conditions for the special vegetation growth in the Pink Beach wetlands of Liao River estuary. The results provide crucial guidance for related interaction studies among vegetation, flow and salinity in other wetland waters.

DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN THE YENISEI RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT WATER AREA OF THE KARA SEA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Savenko ◽  
Alla Savenko ◽  
Oleg Pokrovsky ◽  
Oleg Pokrovsky ◽  
Irina Streletskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Yenisei River ◽  
Adjacent Water ◽  
The Yenisei River

The distribution of dissolved chemical elements (major ions, nutrients, and trace elements) in the Yenisei River estuary and adjacent water area in 2009 and 2010 are presented. These results were compared to the data obtained during previous hydrochemical studies of this region. The transport of major cations (Na, K, Mg, Ca) and some trace elements (Rb, Cs, Sr, B, F, As, Mo, U) in the estuary follows conservative mixing. Alkalinity also belongs to conservative components, however this parameter exhibits substantial spatial heterogeneity caused by complex hydrological structure of the Yenisei Bay and adjoining part of the Kara Sea formed under the influence of several sources of desalination and salty waters inflow. Concentrations of Pmin, Si, and V in the desalinized waters of photic layer decrease seaward owing to uptake by phytoplankton. The losses of these elements reach 30–57, 30, and 9% of their supply by river runoff, respectively. The content of dissolved phosphates and vanadium in the intermediate and near-bottom layers of the Yenisei River estuary strongly increases with salinity due to regeneration of precipitated organic matter, whereas silica remineralization is much less pronounced. Barium is characterized by additional input of dissolved forms in the mixing zone in the quantity comparable to that carried out by river runoff. This may be caused by its desorption from river suspended matter due to ion exchange. The transport of dissolved Al and Mn in the estuarine zone is probably controlled by the coagulation and flocculation of organic and organomineral colloids, which is indicated by a decrease in the concentration of these elements at the beginning of the estuary (31 and 56%, respectively) followed by a stable concentration further seaward.

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