scholarly journals Analytical and numerical study of the salinity intrusion in the Sebou river estuary (Morocco) – effect of the “Super Blood Moon” (total lunar eclipse) of 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 3923-3945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soufiane Haddout ◽  
Mohammed Igouzal ◽  
Abdellatif Maslouhi
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Event ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Lunar Eclipse ◽  
Salinity Intrusion ◽  
Salt Intrusion ◽  
Salinity Transport ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The longitudinal variation of salinity and the maximum salinity intrusion length in an alluvial estuary are important environmental concerns for policy makers and managers since they influence water quality, water utilization and agricultural development in estuarine environments and the potential use of water resources in general. The supermoon total lunar eclipse is a rare event. According to NASA, they have only occurred 5 times in the 1900s – in 1910, 1928, 1946, 1964 and 1982. After the 28 September 2015 total lunar eclipse, a Super Blood Moon eclipse will not recur before 8 October 2033. In this paper, for the first time, the impact of the combination of a supermoon and a total lunar eclipse on the salinity intrusion along an estuary is studied. The 28 September 2015 supermoon total lunar eclipse is the focus of this study and the Sebou river estuary (Morocco) is used as an application area. The Sebou estuary is an area with high agricultural potential, is becoming one of the most important industrial zones in Morocco and it is experiencing a salt intrusion problem. Hydrodynamic equations for tidal wave propagation coupled with the Savenije theory and a numerical salinity transport model (HEC-RAS software "Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System") are applied to study the impact of the supermoon total lunar eclipse on the salinity intrusion. Intensive salinity measurements during this extreme event were recorded along the Sebou estuary. Measurements showed a modification of the shape of axial salinity profiles and a notable water elevation rise, compared with normal situations. The two optimization parameters (Van der Burgh's and dispersion coefficients) of the analytical model are estimated based on the Levenberg–Marquardt's algorithm (i.e., solving nonlinear least-squares problems). The salinity transport model was calibrated and validated using field data. The results show that the two models described very well the salt intrusion during the supermoon total lunar eclipse day. A good fit between computed salinity and measurements is obtained, as verified by statistical performance tests. These two models can give a rapid assessment of salinity distribution and consequently help to ensure the safety of the water supply, even during such infrequent astronomical phenomenon.

scholarly journals Analytical and numerical study of the salinity intrusion in the Sebou river estuary (Morocco). Effect of the "Super Blood Moon" (total lunar eclipse) of 2015

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soufiane Haddout ◽  
Mohammed Igouzal ◽  
Abdellatif Maslouhi
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Event ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Lunar Eclipse ◽  
Salinity Intrusion ◽  
Salt Intrusion ◽  
Salinity Transport ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The longitudinal variation of salinity and the maximum salinity intrusion length in an alluvial estuary are important environmental concerns for policy makers and managers since they influence water quality, water utilization and agricultural development in estuarine environments and the potential use of water resources in general. Total eclipses of Super-Moons are rare. According to NASA, they have only occurred five times in the 1900s – in 1910, 1928, 1946, 1964 and 1982. After the 28 September 2015 Total lunar eclipse, a Super-Bloodmoon eclipse will not recur before 8 October 2033. In this paper, for the first time, the impact of the total lunar eclipse (Super Blood Moon) on the salinity intrusion along an estuary is studied. The 28 September 2015 total lunar eclipse is focused by the study and the Sebou river estuary (Morocco) is taking as an application area. The Sebou estuary is an area with high agricultural potential, is becoming one of the most important industrial zones in Morocco and it is experiencing a salt intrusion problem. Hydrodynamic equations for tidal wave propagation coupled with (Savenije theory), and a numerical salinity transport model (HEC-RAS) are applied to study the impact of the total lunar eclipse on the salinity intrusion. Intensive salinity measurements during this extreme event were recorded along the Sebou estuary. Measurements showed a modification of the shape of axial salinity profiles and a notable water elevation rise, compared with normal situations. The two optimization parameters (Van Der Burgh's and dispersion coefficients) of the analytical model are estimated based on the Levenberg–Marquardt's algorithm (i.e. solving non-linear least squares problems). The salinity transport model was calibrated and validated using field data. The results show that the two models described very well salt intrusion during the total lunar eclipse day. A good-fit between computed salinity and measurements is obtained, as verified by statistical performance tests. These two models can give a rapid assessment of salinity distribution and consequently help to ensure the safety of water supply, even during such infrequent astronomical phenomenon.

scholarly journals Numerical study of hydrodynamic and salinity transport processes in the Pink Beach wetlands of the Liao River estuary, China

Ocean Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiting Qiao ◽  
Mingliang Zhang ◽  
Hengzhi Jiang ◽  
Tianping Xu ◽  
Hongxing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Interaction Studies ◽  
Salinity Transport ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Interaction studies of vegetation within flow environments are essential for the determination of bank protection, morphological characteristics and ecological conditions for wetlands. This paper uses the MIKE 21 hydrodynamic and salinity model to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics and salinity transport processes in the Pink Beach wetlands of the Liao River estuary. The effect of wetland plants on tidal flow in wetland areas is represented by a varying Manning coefficient in the bottom friction term. Acquisition of the vegetation distribution is based on Landsat TM satellites by remote sensing techniques. Detailed comparisons between field observation and simulated results of water depth, salinity and tidal currents are presented in the vegetated domain of the Pink Beach wetlands. Satisfactory results were obtained from simulations of both flow characteristics and salinity concentration, with or without vegetation. A numerical experiment was conducted based on variations in vegetation density, and compared with the tidal currents in non-vegetated areas; the computed current speed decreased remarkably with an increase in vegetation density. The impact of vegetation on water depth and salinity was simulated, and the findings revealed that wetland vegetation has an insignificant effect on the water depth and salinity in this wetland domain. Several stations (from upstream to downstream) in the Pink Beach wetlands were selected to estimate the longitudinal variation of salinity under different river runoff conditions; the results showed that salinity concentration decreases with an increase in river runoff. This study can consequently help increase the understanding of favourable salinity conditions for particular vegetation growth in the Pink Beach wetlands of the Liao River estuary. The results also provide crucial guidance for related interaction studies of vegetation, flow and salinity in other wetland systems.

Numerical Study of Corrugated Metal Panels Subjected to Windborne Debris Impacts

2014 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Wen Su Chen ◽  
Hong Hao ◽  
Hao Du
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Event ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Wind Loading ◽  
Windborne Debris ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Metal Panels ◽  
Corrugated Metal

Hurricane, typhoon and cyclone take place more and more often around the world with changing climate. Such nature disasters cause tremendous economic loss and casualty. Various kinds of windborne debris such as compact-like, plate-like and rod-like objects driven by hurricane usually imposes localized impact loading on the structure envelopes such as cladding, wall or roof, etc. The dominant opening in the envelope might cause serious damage to the structures, even collapse. To withstand the impact of such extreme event, the requirements on panel capacity to resist windborne debris impact has been presented in the Australian Wind Loading Code (2011) [1]. Corrugated metal panels are widely used as building envelop. In a previous study, laboratory tests have been carried out to investigate the performance of corrugated metal panels subjected to a 4kg wooden projectile by considering various impact locations, impact velocities and boundary conditions. In this study, numerical models were developed to simulate the responses of the corrugated metal panels subjected to wooden debris impacts by using commercial software LS-DYNA. The predicted data from the numerical simulations were compared with the experimental results. The validated numerical model can be used to conduct intensive numerical simulation to study the failure probabilities of corrugated structural panels subjected to windborne debris impacts.

scholarly journals Numerical study of hydrodynamic and salinity transport process in Pink Beach wetlands of Liao River Estuary, China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiting Qiao ◽  
Mingliang Zhang ◽  
Hengzhi Jiang ◽  
Tianping Xu ◽  
Hongxing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Transport Process ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Spring Tide ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Salinity Transport ◽  
Friction Term

Abstract. The interaction study of vegetation with the flow environment is essential for the determination of the bank protection, morphological characteristics and ecological conditions for the wetlands. This paper uses MIKE 21 hydrodynamic and salinity model to simulate the hydrodynamic characteristics and salinity transport process in Pink Beach wetlands of Liao River estuary. The effect of wetland plant on tidal flow in areas of wetland waters is represented by a varying Manning's coefficient in the bottom friction term. Acquisition of vegetation distribution is based on Landsat TM satellites through remote sensing techniques. The detailed comparisons between field observation and simulated result of water depth, salinity and tidal currents at neap tide and spring tide are presented in vegetated domain of Pink Beach. Satisfactory results are obtained in simulating both flow characteristic and salinity concentration with or without vegetation. Several stations from upstream to downstream in the Pink Beach are selected to estimate the longitudinal variation of salinity under different river runoffs and the results show that the salinity concentration decreases with an increase of river runoff. This study can help to increase understanding of the favorable salinity conditions for the special vegetation growth in the Pink Beach wetlands of Liao River estuary. The results provide crucial guidance for related interaction studies among vegetation, flow and salinity in other wetland waters.

Field and numerical study of solute transport under evaporation in a subtropical tidal wetland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Liu ◽  
Chenming Zhang ◽  
Xiaocheng Liu ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Alexander Scheuermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solute Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Tidal Wetland ◽  
Wetland Ecology ◽  
Salt Distribution ◽  
The Impact

<p>Tidal wetlands are critical intertidal ecosystem which accommodates a large range of flora and fauna species. The intertidal subsurface environment is subjected to continuous groundwater-seawater mixing which results in dynamic solute transport in the aquifer and to the ocean. Salt distribution and transport play a vital role in the wetland ecology and near-shore biogeochemical activities. While many field and simulation studies have been presented to characterize the salt distribution in the intertidal beach aquifer under the influence of tidal inundation, salt distribution in the tidal wetland subsurface system yet requires more investigation. Moreover, the impact of evaporation on porewater salt distribution could be essential in subtropical areas with numerous coastal wetlands as evaporation extracts porewater from the soil surface and leaves salt in the surface and wetland root zone. However, this parameter was commonly ignored by previous studies.</p><p>In this study, field monitoring was carried out to map the groundwater level and spatial salt distribution in a subtropical wetland located in Southeastern Queensland, Australia. Two dimensional, variable-density, saturated-unsaturated groundwater flow and solute transport model was used to examine the pore water flow and salt distribution patterns in a cross-shore section of the field site under the influences of the spring-neap tide and evaporation. Field and simulation results consistently showed that salinity is greatly impacted by evaporation and showed different distributions from the saline seawater intrusion patterns displayed by most of the former studies. </p>

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