scholarly journals Topographic changes due to the 2004 Chuetsu thrusting earthquake in low mountain region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhikun Ren ◽  
Takashi Oguchi ◽  
Peizhen Zhang ◽  
Shoichiro Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Volume Estimate ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Landslide Volume ◽  
Seismically Induced Landslides ◽  
Seismic Landslide ◽  
Topographic Evolution

Abstract. The co-seismic landslide volume information is critical to understanding the role of strong earthquake in topographic evolution. However, the co-seismic landslide volumes are mainly obtained using statistical scaling laws, which are not accurate enough for quantitative studies of the spatial pattern of co-seismically induced erosion and the topographic changes caused by the earthquakes. The availability of both pre- and post- earthquake high-resolution DEMs provide us the opportunity to try new approach to get robust landslide volume information. Here, we propose a new method in landslide volume estimate and tested it in Chuetsu region, where a Mw 6.6 earthquake occurred in 2004. Firstly, we align the DEMs by reconstructing the horizontal difference, then we quantitatively obtained the landslide volume in the epicentral area by differencing the pre- and post-earthquake DEMs. We convert the landslide volume into the distribution of average catchment-scale seismically induced denudation. Our results indicate the preserved topography is not only due to the uplifting caused by fault-related folding on the hangwall of Muikamachi fault, but also undergone erosion caused by the seismically induced landslides. Our findings reveal that Chuetsu earthquake mainly roughens the topography in the Chuetsu region of low elevation. This study also reveal that the differential DEM method is a valuable approach in analyzing landslide volume, as well as quantitative geomorphic analysis.

scholarly journals Topographic Evolution Involving Co-Seismic Landslide, Deformation, Long-Term Folding and Isostatic Rebound: A Case Study on the 2004 Chuetsu Earthquake

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Jinghao Lei ◽  
Zhikun Ren ◽  
Takashi Oguchi ◽  
Peizhen Zhang ◽  
Shoichiro Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Landslide Volume ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Geological Evolution ◽  
Seismically Induced Landslides ◽  
Seismic Landslide

Co-seismic landslide volume information is critical to understanding the role of strong earthquakes in topographic and geological evolution. The availability of both pre- and post-earthquake high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) provides us with the opportunity to develop a new approach to obtain robust landslide volume information. Here, we propose a method for landslide volume estimation and test it in the Chuetsu region, where a Mw 6.6 earthquake occurred in 2004. First, we align the DEMs by reconstructing the horizontal difference. Then, we quantitatively obtain the landslide volume in the epicentral area by differencing the pre- and post-earthquake DEMs. We convert the landslide volume into the distribution of average catchment-scale denudation and the resulting long-term crustal rebound. Our findings reveal that the Chuetsu earthquake mainly roughens the topography in the low-elevation Chuetsu region. Our results indicate that the preserved topography not only is due to the uplift caused by fault-related folding on the hanging wall of the Muikamachi fault but also undergoes erosion caused by seismically induced landslides and crustal rebound also modifies the topography in the long term. This study confirms that the differential DEM method is a valuable approach for quantitative analysis of topographic and geological evolution.

scholarly journals The Role of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake in Topographic Evolution: Seismically Induced Landslides and the Associated Isostatic Response

Tectonics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 2748-2757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhikun Ren ◽  
Zhuqi Zhang ◽  
Huiping Zhang ◽  
Wenjun Zheng ◽  
Peizhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wenchuan Earthquake ◽  
Seismically Induced Landslides ◽  
Topographic Evolution

Managing multichannel coordination in retail banking: the influence of customer participation

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Plé
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Design ◽  
Retail Banking ◽  
Customer Participation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Retail Banks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore the combining of marketing and organizational literature. This paper seeks to evaluate the relationships between multichannel coordination and customer participation, as seen through the lens of potential customer opportunism. It aims at showing the impact of this opportunism on the organizational design of multiple channels structures.Design/methodology/approachThe research reports on an exploratory case study in a French retail bank. A total of 25 in‐depth interviews were conducted, and the use of other sources enabled data triangulation.FindingsThe results show first that an increase in the number of distribution channels is liable to favor customer opportunistic behavior. To counter this, the bank mainly relies on impersonal coordination modes. An emerging result highlights the role of the customer as a “perceptual filter” between the different channels of employees.Research limitations/implicationsCustomer opportunism is studied via channels employees perceptions. An investigation using a customer survey may help to better understand this construct, e.g. to identify its antecedents, and to measure it precisely. Moreover, further qualitative and/or quantitative studies with larger sample sizes are needed to try and generalize these results.Practical implicationsIt is recommended not to forget that customers can facilitate or hinder multichannel coordination. Retail banks have the power to use them conveniently, provided that they are fully conscious of the scope of the “partial employee” role played by the customer.Originality/valueThis paper broadens understanding of how multichannel distribution structures are coordinated, and in a way belies traditional organizational design literature. The emerging result gives birth to the concept of “reversed interactive marketing”, which has interesting theoretical and practical repercussions.

Is Co-working Increase Survivability? Study on how Collaborating and Networking Facilitates Open Innovation Process for Startups

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Elissa Dwi Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Community Manager

Startups, as they are bounded to their liabilities of newness and smallness, need to collaborate extensively with their external partners through the open innovation process. This study aims to depict Co-working space's pivotal role in building up a working innovation ecosystem that facilitates open innovation for startups. To get a more deep understanding of the phenomena, this study used an exploratory study based on three case studies of Co-working spaces operated in the Jakarta region. The study shows that the open innovation process among startups is not naturally existed, but instead, it is purposefully designed by the role of a community manager who acts as the ecosystem catalyst. The community manager becomes the ecosystem enablers that facilitate the networking process by connecting members. As a result, these activities will help the emerging of mutual connection and collaboration processes among members that empower open innovation among startups members. The multiple-case design makes the study conclusions might be difficult to generalize. Future research, including quantitative studies, will help the conclusions examination and the knowledge enrichment of start-ups' open innovation process. This paper will enrich the knowledge concerning how Co-working spaces member seizing opportunities that lead to the open innovation process.

Eco-hydrology interactions between trees, soil and water in terrestrial and wetland areas: The effect of tree planting on water flow dynamics in Wairarapa Wetlands, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tapuwa Marapara
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Forested Wetlands ◽  
High Water ◽  
Flood Mitigation ◽  
Forested Wetland ◽  
Soil Hydrology ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Soil And Water

<p>During the last two decades there has been increasing interest in the role of forests and wetlands as flood mitigating tools due to growing concerns regarding the sustainability of many traditional engineering flood defences such as dykes, sea walls and dams. In forests, the role is facilitated by the interaction between trees, soil and water. Specifically trees reduce surface runoff and prevent flooding through increased evapotranspiration and canopy interception and enhance physical and hydraulic properties of soil that are critical for the absorption and retention of flood waters by the soil. It is increasingly realised that the answer to flood mitigation is not a blanket recommendation to “plant trees”. This is because the role of trees varies spatially and temporally as a function of climate, topography, rainfall properties, soil type and condition, catchment scale and geology, among others. For example, where trees are present in wetlands, particularly forested wetlands, the mechanisms by which trees interact with soil and water are similar to that in forests but because of a high water table, the impact of trees may be reduced. Therefore, the mere presence of forests and forested wetlands will not necessarily deliver flood risk management.  The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of trees as flood mitigating tools under various bio-geo climatic factors in forests and forested wetland environments. Three forms of investigation were followed to fulfil this purpose.  A detailed literature review was carried out to assess the role of trees and forests as flood mitigation tools under changing climate, topography, species type, rainfall properties, soil type and condition, catchment scale and geology. A field experiment was carried out to collect data and analyse the effect of trees on soil physical and hydraulic properties that include bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil organic carbon, soil moisture content, matric potential and soil moisture retention in a previously forested wetland undergoing restoration in New Zealand. A spatially explicit decision support tool, the Land Use Capability Indicator (LUCI) was then used to determine appropriate areas where intervention can be targeted to optimise the role of trees as flood mitigating tools in previously forested wetlands undergoing restoration.  The detailed review identified a major data gap in the role of trees under hydric conditions (high water table), along with uncertainties on their effectiveness in large catchments (>˜40 km²) and in extreme rainfall events. The field experiment provided the first set of soil hydrology data from an ephemeral wetland in New Zealand showing the benefits of newly established trees in improving hydraulic conductivity of soils. The soil hydrology data is a useful baseline for continuous monitoring of the forested wetlands undergoing restoration. The use of the Land Use Capability Indicator was its first application for the optimisation of flood mitigation in a forested wetland. Its suggested target areas are not necessarily conducive for survival of some tree species, although if suitable species are established, flood risk mitigation could be maximised. Further research on what native species are best for what conditions and in what combinations is recommended, to increase survival in the proposed target areas.</p>

Advances in benchmarking to improve water utility operations: a review of six IWA books

Water Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanford V. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Performance Patterns ◽  
Water Association ◽  
International Water ◽  
Sector Performance ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Key Indicators

Six recent publications by the International Water Association underscore the growing importance of quantitative studies of water utilities for identifying (1) performance patterns, (2) trends in key indicators and (3) best practice. Since each author takes a different approach to the problem of performance measurement and incentives for improvement, the books provide different perspectives on the decision-relevance of empirical analysis and cases for managers and policymakers. Key lessons from the volumes include the use of benchmarking as a tool for establishing better internal incentives, the importance of data collection and auditing and the role of transparency in helping stakeholders become more informed about utility operations. Analysts need to help stakeholders understand sector complexities, where hydrology, topology, historical developments outside current management's control, population income levels and the amount of skilled labor differ widely across and even within nations. The six books taken together underscore the value of quantifying relative performance and improving our awareness of production processes and the institutional arrangements that support strong water sector performance.

scholarly journals Scaling laws for step bunching on vicinal surfaces: Role of the dynamical and chemical effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Benoit–Maréchal ◽  
M. E. Jabbour ◽  
N. Triantafyllidis
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Vicinal Surfaces ◽  
Step Bunching ◽  
Chemical Effects

Path Dependence Problem: The Evolution of Approaches

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Alexandr Auzan
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependence ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Board Of Trustees ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
Dependence Problem ◽  
Keynote Speech

On 27 September, 2014, the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov MSU celebrated the 60th anniversary of the dean Alexander Auzan in the form of a scientific discussion. The subject matter of the symposium was “The institutional issues of the long-term socio-economic dynamics”. The symposium was attended by more than 400 people including I. Abankina, T. Abankina, A. Aksakov, L. Alexeyeva, A. Arkhangelsky, Y. Beletsky, A. Dolgin, R. Enikolopov, S. Glazyev, A. Gnedovsky, A. Isaykin, R. Kapelyushnikov, G. Kleiner, B. Lapidus, A. Levinson, P. Medvedev, A. Nechayev, R. Nureev, L. Ovcharova, V. Polterovich, K. Rogov, A. Savatyugin, S. Shapiguzov, B. Skvortsov, G. Tosunyan, K. Zimarin, D. Zimin, N. Zubarevich. Elvira Nabiullina, a graduate of the Faculty and the head of the Faculty’s Board of Trustees, opened the symposium. Alexander Auzan presented the keynote speech where he addressed such topics as path dependence, modernization as an issue and as a hypothesis, the role of informal institutions and universities. The discussion was moderated by Ilya Lomakin-Rumyantsev, the vice-president of the Faculty’s Development Council. The path dependence problem is presented in the article from an interdisciplinary perspective. First insights into this problem appeared in the writings of Russian philosophers of the late XIX - early XX century, long before the American economists received the Nobel Prize for framing of the problem. Later the problem was specified in quantitative studies, followed by some versions of explanations. The new political economy raises the question of what can be done to cope with the problem and why certain hypotheses have failed. Individual studies of the author and his colleagues are primarily related to the role of universities.

scholarly journals Reversibility of acidification: soils and surface waters

1990 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 169-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Wright ◽  
Michael Hauhs
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
Nitrogen Saturation ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Water Acidification ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Empirical Relationships

SynopsisAs empirical relationships between acidic deposition and its effects on soils and surface waters have become increasingly understood, the focus of attention has shifted to the reversal of acidification in response to decreased amounts of acidic deposition.Recent decreases in acidic deposition, in both North America and parts of Europe, have initiated the reversal of acidification and the recovery of impacted ecosystems. Reversal has also been investigated in large-scale experiments with whole ecosystems. Predictive models can account for much of this empirical and experimental data, at least at the catchment scale, over periods of years.Discrepancies between observed and predicted effects are attributable in part to the increasingly important role of nitrogen in soil and water acidification. ‘Nitrogen saturation’ threatens to offset the incipient recovery following decreases in SO2 emissions. Future climate change might further exacerbate the problem by increasing the rate of mineralisation of soil organic matter and releasing stored nitrogen.

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