Path Dependence Problem: The Evolution of Approaches

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Alexandr Auzan
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependence ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Board Of Trustees ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
Dependence Problem ◽  
Keynote Speech

On 27 September, 2014, the Faculty of Economics of Lomonosov MSU celebrated the 60th anniversary of the dean Alexander Auzan in the form of a scientific discussion. The subject matter of the symposium was “The institutional issues of the long-term socio-economic dynamics”. The symposium was attended by more than 400 people including I. Abankina, T. Abankina, A. Aksakov, L. Alexeyeva, A. Arkhangelsky, Y. Beletsky, A. Dolgin, R. Enikolopov, S. Glazyev, A. Gnedovsky, A. Isaykin, R. Kapelyushnikov, G. Kleiner, B. Lapidus, A. Levinson, P. Medvedev, A. Nechayev, R. Nureev, L. Ovcharova, V. Polterovich, K. Rogov, A. Savatyugin, S. Shapiguzov, B. Skvortsov, G. Tosunyan, K. Zimarin, D. Zimin, N. Zubarevich. Elvira Nabiullina, a graduate of the Faculty and the head of the Faculty’s Board of Trustees, opened the symposium. Alexander Auzan presented the keynote speech where he addressed such topics as path dependence, modernization as an issue and as a hypothesis, the role of informal institutions and universities. The discussion was moderated by Ilya Lomakin-Rumyantsev, the vice-president of the Faculty’s Development Council. The path dependence problem is presented in the article from an interdisciplinary perspective. First insights into this problem appeared in the writings of Russian philosophers of the late XIX - early XX century, long before the American economists received the Nobel Prize for framing of the problem. Later the problem was specified in quantitative studies, followed by some versions of explanations. The new political economy raises the question of what can be done to cope with the problem and why certain hypotheses have failed. Individual studies of the author and his colleagues are primarily related to the role of universities.

scholarly journals Fertility Development in the Baltic Countries Since 1990: a Transformation in the Context of Long-term Trends

2009 ◽  
pp. 7-32
Author(s):  
Kalev Katus ◽  
Allan Puur ◽  
Luule Sakkeus ◽  
Asta Poldma
Keyword(s):  
Path Dependence ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Parity Distribution ◽  
Cohabiting Couples ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The Baltic

The article addresses the transformation of fertility patterns in the Baltic countries since the turn of the 1990s, in the context of long-term trends. The purpose of the study is to compare the change in fertility level, parity distribution, timing of childbearing, and the connection between marriage and childbearing in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, and analyze the position of the Baltic countries in a broader European perspective. Our results indicate a salient role of tempo effects in the sharp decline of period fertility measures that occurred in the region in the 1990s. Tempo-adjusted measures indicate moderately low fertility levels of 1.6-1.7 children per woman in the region. In the recent years, fertility levels have been rising in all three countries with recuperation being more vigorous in Estonia and less so in Lithuania. Estonia and Latvia also appear more advanced in terms of the spread of childbearing among cohabiting couples, with the proportion of non-marital births comparable to Scandinavian countries. The article discusses the factors underlying the observed similarities and dissimilarities in fertility patterns, pointing to the plausible demographic path dependence.

scholarly journals Epidemiologists working together with anthropologists: lessons from a study to evaluate the epidemiological impact of a city-wide sanitation program

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Larrea-Killinger ◽  
Rita Franco Rego ◽  
Agostino Strina ◽  
Mauricio L. Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Epidemiological Impact

This paper discusses the role of qualitative approaches in epidemiological studies, beginning with a general discussion of epidemiological and anthropological methods. It focuses on a case study of the health impact of an environmental intervention carried out in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. Most of the precedent studies fields, based on primary date, use to devote little attention to the methodological and theorethical questions attached to long-term studies. Four specific aspects of this experience are highlighted: (a) drawing up epidemiological study; (b) construction of an observational instrument to measure hygiene habits; (c) an ethnographic study that was carried out before the epidemiological study; (d) observation of the effects of health intervention on health inequalities. Finally, the report details how the findings of qualitative and quantitative studies might be synthesized. It provides a critical overview of follow-up strategies, illustrated with proper examples whenever possible.

scholarly journals Building together digital archives for research in social sciences and humanities

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Habert ◽  
Claude Huc
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
Background Context

In order to help understand the possible interplay between transmission and digitization, a pilot project for the long-term preservation of research data in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) is presented by its two coordinators. The article provides some background context on transmission in digital form of past and present research in SSH. It shows the discrepancy between the increasing role of digital information and its fragility. It presents the standard abstract model for archival information systems and the way it was instantiated in the pilot project. It ends with some reflexive remarks on the factors that are bound to act upon the future of such projects: organizational behaviours, role of data and knowledge, communities of users, institutional issues and status of collective memory in SSH.

Developing awareness and use of compliments in the Chinese homestay: A longitudinal case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-Hsun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Qualitative Changes

AbstractThe study abroad homestay enjoys a widespread reputation as a key context for language learning. However, a homestay advantage has been difficult to prove in large-scale quantitative studies. Few qualitative studies examine the long-term developmental processes that can take place in homestays at the micro-ethnographic level. This paper focuses on how one participant, John, gradually developed awareness of the role of compliments and ability to use them for various purposes. Drawing on Vygotskian sociocultural theory, this study analyzes qualitative changes in John’s use of compliments from informal interaction in two homestays across a year. Over time, John learned to use compliments for an array of purposes: expressing appreciation for food, maintaining his hosts’ positive face, developing cordial relationships, and defusing potential conflict. Development in John’s case is evident as he internalized this speech act that he once grappled with, and used it to mediate the behavior of the others when confronted with interactionally and emotionally challenging situations. This process led to John’s ability to participate appropriately as a guest at the Chinese homestay dinner table and to appreciate the subtleties of interpersonal communication that includes unstated expressions of affection.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) outcome at long-term follow-up and the role of elective neurosurgical approach: A report of 22 cases

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Menegazzo ◽  
Melissa Rosa Rizzotto ◽  
Martina Bua ◽  
Luisa Pinello ◽  
Elisabetta Tono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Trauma ◽  
Abusive Head Trauma ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

The Second Start of Transformation in Ukraine?

2014 ◽  
pp. 30-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Grigoryev ◽  
E. Buryak ◽  
A. Golyashev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
Governance Quality ◽  
Political Turmoil

The Ukrainian socio-economic crisis has been developing for years and resulted in the open socio-political turmoil and armed conflict. The Ukrainian population didn’t meet objectives of the post-Soviet transformation, and people were disillusioned for years, losing trust in the state and the Future. The role of workers’ remittances in the Ukrainian economy is underestimated, since the personal consumption and stability depend strongly on them. Social inequality, oligarchic control of key national assets contributed to instability as well as regional disparity, aggravated by identity differences. Economic growth is slow due to a long-term underinvestment, and prospects of improvement are dependent on some difficult institutional reforms, macro stability, open external markets and the elites’ consensus. Recovering after socio-economic and political crisis will need not merely time, but also governance quality improvement, institutions reform, the investment climate revival - that can be attributed as the second transformation in Ukraine.

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

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