scholarly journals Control design, implementation, and evaluation for an in-field 500 kW wind turbine with a fixed-displacement hydraulic drivetrain

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiaan Paul Mulders ◽  
Niels Frederik Boudewijn Diepeveen ◽  
Jan-Willem van Wingerden
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Pelton Turbine ◽  
Torque Control Strategy ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Active Valve ◽  
Electrical Generator

Abstract. The business case for compact hydraulic wind turbine drivetrains is becoming ever stronger, as offshore wind turbines are getting larger in terms of size and power output. Hydraulic transmissions are generally employed in high-load systems and form an opportunity for application in multi-megawatt turbines. The Delft Offshore Turbine (DOT) is a hydraulic wind turbine concept replacing conventional drivetrain components with a single seawater pump. Pressurized seawater is directed to a combined Pelton turbine connected to an electrical generator on a central multi-megawatt electricity generation platform. This paper presents the control design, implementation, and evaluation for an intermediate version of the ideal DOT concept: an in-field 500 kW hydraulic wind turbine. It is shown that the overall drivetrain efficiency and controllability are increased by operating the rotor at maximum rotor torque in the below-rated region using a passive torque control strategy. An active valve control scheme is employed and evaluated in near-rated conditions.

scholarly journals Control design, implementation and evaluation for an in-field 500 kW wind turbine with a fixed-displacement hydraulic drivetrain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiaan Paul Mulders ◽  
Niels Frederik Boudewijn Diepeveen ◽  
Jan-Willem van Wingerden
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Torque Control Strategy ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Active Valve ◽  
Valve Control

Abstract. The business case for compact hydraulic wind turbine drivetrains is becoming ever stronger, as offshore wind turbines are getting larger in terms of size and power output. Hydraulic transmissions are generally employed in high load systems, and form an opportunity for application in multi-megawatt turbines. The Delft Offshore Turbine (DOT) is a hydraulic wind turbine concept replacing conventional drivetrain components with a single seawater pump. Pressurized seawater is directed to a combined Pelton-generator combination on a central multi-megawatt electricity generation platform. This paper presents the control design, implementation and evaluation for an intermediate version of the ideal DOT concept: an in-field 500 kW hydraulic wind turbine. It is shown that the overall drivetrain efficiency and controllability is increased by operating the rotor at maximum rotor torque in the below-rated region using a passive torque control strategy. An active valve control scheme is employed and evaluated in near-rated conditions.

PIR Regulator Using DTC for DFIG during Unbalanced Grid Voltage Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
A. Ramkumar ◽  
S. Durairaj ◽  
N. Arun
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Direct Torque Control ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Grid Voltage ◽  
Induction Generators ◽  
Torque Control Strategy ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Doubly Fed ◽  
Unbalanced Grid

This paper presents a PIR regulator using direct torque control strategy of grid connected wind turbine driven doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) when the grid voltage is unbalanced. Under the unbalanced grid voltage condition, the stator voltage and current quality is strongly affected due to the negative and distorted components. It will be reducing the performance of other normal loads connected to the DFIG. That control scheme consisting of indirect matrix converter using DTC. To verify the value of the proposed control strategy, simulation results with 500 MVA DFIG topology are presented and discussed in the paper. Finally,the simulation studies are carried out on a 500 MVA wind-turbine driven DFIG system under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. All the results are validated by using PSCAD simulation.

scholarly journals Resonance Avoidance Control Algorithm for Semi-Submersible Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4138
Author(s):  
Kwansu Kim ◽  
Hyunjong Kim ◽  
Hyungyu Kim ◽  
Jaehoon Son ◽  
Jungtae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Resonance Problem ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Avoidance Control

In this study, a resonance avoidance control algorithm was designed to address the tower resonance problem of a semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) and the dynamic performance of the wind turbine, floater platform, and mooring lines at two exclusion zone ranges were evaluated. The simulations were performed using Bladed, a commercial software for wind turbine analysis. The length of simulation for the analysis of the dynamic response of the six degrees of freedom (DoF) motion of the floater platform under a specific load case was 3600 s. The simulation results are presented in terms of the time domain, frequency domain, and using statistical analysis. As a result of applying the resonance avoidance control algorithm, when the exclusion zone range was ±0.5 rpm from the resonance rpm, the overall performance of the wind turbine was negatively affected, and when the range was sufficiently wide at ±1 rpm, the mean power was reduced by 0.04%, and the damage equivalent load of the tower base side–side bending moment was reduced by 14.02%. The tower resonance problem of the FOWT caused by practical limitations in design and cost issues can be resolved by changing the torque control algorithm.

scholarly journals Control of an Open-Loop Hydraulic Offshore Wind Turbine Using a Variable-Area Orifice

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Buhagiar ◽  
Tonio Sant ◽  
Marvin K. Bugeja
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Pelton Turbine ◽  
Hydroelectric Energy ◽  
Fixed Line

The viability of offshore wind turbines is presently affected by a number of technical issues pertaining to the gearbox and power electronic components. Current work is considering the possibility of replacing the generator, gearbox and electrical transmission with a hydraulic system. Efficiency of the hydraulic transmission is around 90% for the selected geometries, which is comparable to the 94% expected for conventional wind turbines. A rotor-driven pump pressurises seawater that is transmitted across a large pipeline to a centralised generator platform. Hydroelectric energy conversion takes place in Pelton turbine. However, unlike conventional hydro-energy plants, the head available at the nozzle entry is highly unsteady. Adequate active control at the nozzle is therefore crucial in maintaining a fixed line pressure and an optimum Pelton turbine operation at synchronous speed. This paper presents a novel control scheme that is based on the combination of proportional feedback control and feed forward compensation on a variable area nozzle. Transient domain simulation results are presented for a Pelton wheel supplied by sea water from an offshore wind turbine-driven pump across a 10 km pipeline.

Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a Spar Floating Offshore Wind Turbine With Consideration of the Rotor Speed Variations

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Khair Al-Solihat ◽  
Meyer Nahon ◽  
Kamran Behdinan
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Aerodynamic Load ◽  
Floating Platform ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbine Tower

This paper presents a rigid multibody dynamic model to simulate the dynamic response of a spar floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT). The system consists of a spar floating platform, the moorings, the wind turbine tower, nacelle, and the rotor. The spar platform is modeled as a six degrees-of-freedom (6DOFs) rigid body subject to buoyancy, hydrodynamic and moorings loads. The wind turbine tower supports rigid nacelle and rotor at the tip. The rigid rotor is modeled as a disk spinning around its axis and subject to the aerodynamic load. The generator torque control law is incorporated into the system dynamics to capture the rotor spinning speed response when the turbine is operating below the rated wind speed. The equations of motions are derived using Lagrange's equation in terms of the platform quasi-coordinates and rotor spin speed. The external loads due to hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, and aerodynamics are formulated and incorporated into the equations of motion. The dynamic simulations of the spar FOWT are performed for three load cases to examine the system eigen frequencies, free decay response, and response to a combined wave and wind load. The results obtained from the present model are validated against their counterparts obtained from other simulation tools, namely, FAST, HAWC2, and Bladed, with excellent agreement. Finally, the influence of the rotor gyroscopic moment on the system dynamics is investigated.

scholarly journals A Reference Open-Source Controller for Fixed and Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhar Abbas ◽  
Daniel Zalkind ◽  
Lucy Pao ◽  
Alan Wright
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines

Abstract. This paper describes the development of a new reference controller framework for fixed and floating offshore wind turbines that greatly facilitates controller tuning and represents standard industry practices. The reference wind turbine controllers that are most commonly cited in the literature have been developed to work with specific reference wind turbines. Although these controllers have provided standard control functionalities, they are often not easy to modify for use on other turbines, so it has been challenging for researchers to run representative, fully dynamic simulations of other wind turbine designs. The Reference Open-Source Controller (ROSCO) has been developed to provide a modular reference wind turbine controller that represents industry standards and performs comparably to or better than existing reference controllers. The formulation of the ROSCO controller logic and tuning processes is presented in this paper. Control capabilities such as tip-speed ratio tracking generator torque control, minimum pitch saturation, wind speed estimation, and a smoothing algorithm at near-rated operation are included to provide a controller that is comparable to industry standards. A floating offshore wind turbine feedback module is also included to facilitate growing research in the floating offshore arena. All the standard controller implementations and control modules are automatically tuned such that a non-controls engineer or automated optimization routine can easily improve the controller performance. This article provides the framework and theoretical basis for the ROSCO controller modules and generic tuning processes. Simulations of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5-MW reference wind turbine and International Energy Agency 15-MW reference turbine on the University of Maine semisubmersible platform are analyzed to demonstrate the controller's performance in both fixed and floating configurations, respectively. The simulation results demonstrate ROSCO's peak shaving routine to reduce maximum rotor thrusts by nearly 14 % compared to the NREL 5-MW reference wind turbine controller on the land-based turbine and to reduce maximum platform pitch angles by slightly more than 35 % when using the platform feedback routine instead of a more traditional low-bandwidth controller.

Technology Qualification of Offshore Wind Turbine Supporting Concrete Constructions: Mitigation of Future Catastrophic Incidents via Quantification of Unknown

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Samindi M. K. Samarakoon ◽  
R. M. Chandima Ratnayake
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Business Case ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Turbine Tower ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
High Level ◽  
Utility Scale

Understanding the uncertainty associated with the use of new technology and defining the risk of a particular new technology are crucial in its deployment. A systematic risk-based technology qualification (TQ) process enables technology developers to build confidence and systematically document the performance of new technology. The quantification of risk associated with a particular new technology is fulfilled by analysis, using computer-based models, testing, gathering operational data from the field and developing procedures. The TQ enables the potential unwanted events that could result in catastrophic incidents to be investigated, and it subsequently develops tests or analyses that are specific to the identified threats. A systematic approach to TQ provides the quantitative data necessary for making the business case to deploy the technology. This manuscript illustrates a methodology for the TQ of concrete components in offshore wind turbines. For instance, a typical utility-scale offshore wind turbine tower is made of steel tubes that are significantly efficient; the steel towers become rapidly more expensive beyond a certain height, as it is required meet the dynamic characteristic of the turbine to meet the necessary high level of standards for fatigue performance. Although the concrete towers allow more fabrication flexibility, as the design is less driven by fatigue and the use of concrete allows them to be partially or fully fabricated in the field, it is vital to develop risk based TQ methodology to quantify the unknowns.

scholarly journals Variable Structure Control of a Small Ducted Wind Turbine in the Whole Wind Speed Range Using a Luenberger Observer

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Calabrese ◽  
Gioacchino Tricarico ◽  
Elia Brescia ◽  
Giuseppe Leonardo Cascella ◽  
Vito Giuseppe Monopoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Variable Structure Control ◽  
Variable Structure ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Structure Control ◽  
Luenberger Observer ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Speed Range

This paper proposes a new variable structure control scheme for a variable-speed, fixed-pitch ducted wind turbine, equipped with an annular, brushless permanent-magnet synchronous generator, considering a back-to-back power converter topology. The purpose of this control scheme is to maximise the aerodynamic power over the entire wind speed range, considering the mechanical safety limits of the ducted wind turbine. The ideal power characteristics are achieved with the design of control laws aimed at performing the maximum power point tracking control in the low wind speeds region, and the constant speed, power, and torque control in the high wind speed region. The designed control laws utilize a Luenberger observer for the estimation of the aerodynamic torque and a shallow neural network for wind speed estimation. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through tests in a laboratory setup. Moreover, a comparison with other solutions from the literature allowed us to better evaluate the performances achieved and to highlight the originality of the proposed control scheme.

Comparison of Model Tests and Coupled Simulations for a Semi-Submersible Floating Wind Turbine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fons Huijs ◽  
Erik-Jan de Ridder ◽  
Feike Savenije
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Mooring System ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Blade Pitch Angle

The GustoMSC Tri-Floater is a slender and robust three-column semi-submersible supporting an offshore wind turbine. Model tests were performed for a Tri-Floater equipped with an operational wind turbine and mooring system exposed to wind and waves in the offshore basin at MARIN. A high quality wind setup and special low Reynolds number blades were used, aiming at delivering the Froude scaled thrust. The base scope of experiments was performed with fixed blade pitch angle and generator speed. Some of the experiments were repeated with active blade pitch and generator torque control using a dedicated algorithm developed by ECN. The experiments covered typical operational and survival design conditions. Numerical simulations for the same wave and wind conditions were performed using ANSYS-AQWA coupled with PHATAS. The paper describes the setup and results of both the model tests and the simulations. From the comparison of the numerical and experimental results, it is concluded that coupled aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulations can be used to predict the response of the floating offshore wind turbine to a sufficiently accurate level for design purposes. Furthermore, it is shown that the Tri-Floater motion response is very favorable and that the nacelle accelerations, air gap and mooring loads comply with the design requirements.

scholarly journals Variable Torque Control of Offshore Wind Turbine on Spar Floating Platform Using Advanced RBF Neural Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Shan Zuo ◽  
Y. D. Song ◽  
Zheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Rbf Neural Network ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Curve ◽  
Floating Platform

Offshore floating wind turbine (OFWT) has been a challenging research spot because of the high-quality wind power and complex load environment. This paper focuses on the research of variable torque control of offshore wind turbine on Spar floating platform. The control objective in below-rated wind speed region is to optimize the output power by tracking the optimal tip-speed ratio and ideal power curve. Aiming at the external disturbances and nonlinear uncertain dynamic systems of OFWT because of the proximity to load centers and strong wave coupling, this paper proposes an advanced radial basis function (RBF) neural network approach for torque control of OFWT system at speeds lower than rated wind speed. The robust RBF neural network weight adaptive rules are acquired based on the Lyapunov stability analysis. The proposed control approach is tested and compared with the NREL baseline controller using the “NREL offshore 5 MW wind turbine” model mounted on a Spar floating platform run on FAST and Matlab/Simulink, operating in the below-rated wind speed condition. The simulation results show a better performance in tracking the optimal output power curve, therefore, completing the maximum wind energy utilization.

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