scholarly journals A case of molar-incisor hypomineralization with genetic and environmental influences

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Kello
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Maternal Grandmother ◽  
Male Sibling ◽  
Dental Pathology ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽  
Maxillary Incisors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Practical Implications

Background: Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a common childhood dental pathology. This paper describes a case with familial involvement and environmental risk factors. Case Description: A 35-year old female has yellowish-brown opacities present on central and lateral maxillary incisors, right and left maxillary canines, right and left maxillary first molars, and right and left maxillary second molars. A 33-year old male sibling has yellowish-brown opacities on the right and left central and lateral maxillary incisors. The male sibling’s fraternal twin does not have evidence of MIH. A maternal grandmother also had evidence of MIH, though involved teeth are not known. Practical Implications: MIH is a condition with both genetic and environmental components. Practitioners should consider both etiologies when patients present with the condition. 

Knowledge sufficiency: when institutional distance is insufficient

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willie Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Market Risk ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Host ◽  
Knowledge Component ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – For firms entering a foreign market for the first time, institutional distance can be thought of as being insufficient in the sense that knowledge gap issues associated with large distances are not easily resolved. The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of knowledge sufficiency and the implications that this concept holds for assuaging these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The concept of knowledge sufficiency is developed into a practical framework. The framework is comprised of the knowledge that firms accumulate about potential host countries. This accumulated knowledge is disaggregated into components that provide the basic structure of the knowledge sufficiency framework and facilitate a systematic assessment of accumulated knowledge. Findings – Accumulated knowledge about foreign market risk factors that exist in potential host countries is disaggregated into three components. The breadth of knowledge component is designed to help answer the question: what do firms know about foreign market risk factors in potential host countries? The depth of knowledge component is designed to help answer the question: how much do firms know about foreign market risk factors in potential host countries. The quality of knowledge component is designed to answer the question: are firms confident in what they know about foreign market risk factors in potential host countries? Research limitations/implications – There is a tendency for strategic decision makers in firms to feel that they have “deep” knowledge of foreign market risk factors when they may actually have only “surface” knowledge of these factors. The result is likely to be an unwarranted lowering of the risk they perceive to exist in potential host countries. Consequently, the host country selected for entry may not be optimal and the mode of entry may be inappropriate. The issue to be resolved is how to ascertain how much knowledge firms actually possess about these foreign market risk factors. Practical implications – Selecting the “right” foreign market and entering that market in the “right” way is unquestionably one of the most important topics in the international literature and has been extensively studied. However, there is no central repository of finding from these studies that will help firms going international for the first time to systematically assess whether their choice of market and entry mode is optimal. Utilization of the knowledge sufficiency framework will significantly improve firms’ chances of entering the “right” foreign markets in the “right” way, which holds practical implications for their initial and long-term performance in these markets. Originality/value – For firms entering a foreign market for the first time, answers to two questions are essential: what foreign market should we enter? How should we enter that foreign market? The extant literature does not provide a framework that allows firms to systematically search for answers to these questions such that, when satisfactorily found, will boost confidence that answers to these two questions are optimized. In addition to filling an important gap in the extant literature, the framework's usefulness as an aid for making internationalization decisions also makes an important contribution to practice.

Self-Control As a Moderator for Environmental Risk Factors

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Wills ◽  
Pallav Pokhrel ◽  
Frederick X. Gibbons ◽  
James D. Sargent ◽  
Mike Stoolmiller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Self Control

Environmental Risk Factors in Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pugliatti ◽  
I. Casetta ◽  
J. Drulovic ◽  
E. Granieri ◽  
T. Holmøy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors

Correlation of Metabolic Risk Factors with Sessile Serrated Lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Melania Macarie ◽  
Simona Bataga ◽  
Simona Mocan ◽  
Monica Pantea ◽  
Razvan Opaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Interval Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Right Colon ◽  
Serrated Lesions ◽  
The Right

Background and Aims: The importance of sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma has been recently established. These are supposed to cause the so-called “interval cancer”, having a rapidly progressive growth and being difficult to detect and to obtain an endoscopic complete resection. We aimed to establish the most important metabolic risk factors for sessile serrated lesions. Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study, on a series of 2918 consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy in Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Târgu-Mureș, Romania between 1 st of January 2015-31 th of December 2017. In order to evaluate the metabolic risk factors for polyps’ development, enrolled participants were stratified in two groups, a study group, 33 patients with SSLs lesions, and a control group, 138 patients with adenomatous polyps, selected by systematic sampling for age and anatomical site. Independent variables investigated were: gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, nonalcoholic liver disease. Results: For SSLs the most common encountered localization was the right colon in 30.55% of cases. By comparative bivariate analysis between SSLs group and control group, it was observed that hypertension (p=0.03, OR 2.33, 95 %CI 1.03-5.24), obesity (p=0.03, OR 2.61, 95 %CI 1.08-6.30), hyperuricemia (p=0.04, OR 2.72, 95 %CI 1.28-7.55), high cholesterol (p=0.002, OR 3.42; 95 %CI 1.48-7.87), and high triglycerides level (p=0.0006, OR 5.75; 95 %CI 1.92-17.2) were statistically associated with SSLs development. By multivariate analysis hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia retained statistical significance. Conclusions: Our study showed that the highest prevalence of SSLs was in the right colon and hypertension and increased triglycerides levels were associated with the risk of SSLs development. These risk factors are easy to detect in clinical practice and may help identifying groups with high risk for colorectal cancer, where screening is recommended.

Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Alcoholism: A 16-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Chao Liu ◽  
Shu-Fen Liao ◽  
Lawrence Shih-Hsin ◽  
Susan Shur-Fen Gau ◽  
Wen-Chung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort

The Role and Perceptions of Independent Audit Partners in the Governmental Audit Market

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne H. Lowensohn ◽  
Frank Collins
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Audit Firm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Audit Market ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Independent Audit

Audits are the primary means of monitoring that public funds are appropriately spent by governmental entities. Currently, independent auditors (rather than governmental auditors) are the primary suppliers of governmental audit services, despite the fact that many of them view governmental audits as “secondary” (AICPA 1987). Furthermore, nongovernmental auditors are believed to be less “independent” and more prone to lose sight of the programmatic demand to safeguard the public trust (Power 1997) than governmental auditors. To better understand the supply of governmental audit services, this study investigates independent audit firm partner opinions of governmental audits and their motivation to pursue these engagements. Multiple regression results of our data reveal that partners are more likely to pursue governmental audits if they believe that desirable intrinsic and extrinsic rewards are attainable through performing these audits. Furthermore, environmental risk factors—an active political climate and authoritative changes—reduce partner motivation to pursue governmental audits. It is suggested that environmental risk factors disrupt the comfortable principal/agent relationship of the auditor and auditee because the relationships have become decoupled (abstracted) from the audit's programmatic mission.

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