scholarly journals Human rights to the street: Ethical frameworks to guide planning, design, and engineering decisions toward livability, equity, and justice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Appleyard ◽  
William Riggs
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Functional Area ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Comprehensive Collection ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
Practice Literature

Recently, there has been a renewed interest in statements about people’s rights to our streets. Drawing broadly from the literature and from an examination of a comprehensive collection of these rights, this article works toward establishing a comprehensive ethical framework that can be used to guide planning, design and engineering decisions to support pedestrian rights for street and urban livability. To identify and propose these ethical principles and help achieve optimal livability for individuals, groups and society, we: (a) comprehensively examine the literature to clarify the various concepts of street livability and human rights to the street (as related to a collection of various pedestrian rights statements); (b) explore what is being said in these rights to better understand people’s needs and wants; and (c) provide a roadmap for planners, urban designers, and engineers to address these needs in practice. Building on the previous steps and incorporating business practice literature of Functional Area Ethics, relevant functional areas are identified to help professionals act in support of these pedestrian rights.

Towards Business Ethics as an Academic Discipline

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Enderle
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Teaching Business Ethics ◽  
Theoretical Understanding

AbstractRecalling several profound disagreements about business ethics as it is currently discussed in Western societies, I emphasize the need for business ethics as an academic discipline that constitutes the “backbone” for both teaching business ethics and improving business practice (section 1). Then I outline a conceptual framework of business ethics that promotes a “bottom-up” approach (section 2). This “problem-and action-oriented” conception appears to be fruitful in terms of both practical relevance and theoretical understanding. Finally, I argue for (section 3) the relevance of discussing goals at all levels of human action (i.e., individuals, organizations, systems) as well as the indispensability of human rights, and propose Amartya Sen's “goal-rights-system” approach as a normative-ethical framework for business ethics that integrates these two fundamental aspects.

scholarly journals Spare the Rod, Spoil the Society? The Moral Complexity of Caning in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Hannah Sorenson
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
International Human ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

You have the opportunity to decide whether or not a person gets caned, the only caveat is that they have committed a crime against you. What will you do? This essay explores the moral complexity of caning in Singapore through an exploration of corporal punishment, criminal justice, moral philosophy, and the Asian values debate; a dilemma that ultimately places concerns of society and the individual at odds. In doing so, the essay argues that the morality of caning changes on the basis of the ethical framework and modification of situation variables. Even so, the moral complexity of caning is not superficially evident. In order to thoroughly engage with all elements of this complexity, this essay begins by attempting to decipher the place of punishment within international human rights frameworks. From there, the essay explores the morality of punishment and its employ in colonial endeavors. This leads to a discussion of modernization, humanitarian ideologies, and control. By creating a framework for analyzing criminal justice in Singapore—including an outline of the intersections of criminal justice, development, and prosperity —this essay seeks to explore the balance between corporal punishment as a tool of prosperity and corporal punishment as a source of pain and degradation. When placed in consequentialist and virtue-based ethical frameworks caning in Singapore looks very different, forcing the moral actor to weigh societal concerns with concerns for individual pain, suffering, and liberties. Keywords: Caning, Morality, Society, Punishment.

Toward Ethically Grounded Conflict Interventions: Reevaluating Challenges in the 21st Century

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Inherent Worth

AbstractThis article explores the dimensions of ethics and accountability among conflict interveners, proposing an ethical framework that builds upon human rights and moral development. The framework consists of three ethical principles: inherent worth and dignity of individuals; community-defined common good; and authentic relationships. To apply these principles, the authors identify two embedded circles of accountability, which derive from the central parties in an intervention: the intervener and the participant. Dividing these groups into ``sending'' and ``receiving'' communities, this article reviews dimensions of accountability within the process of intervention that are related to each of the ethical principles. In operationalizing these principles, the authors suggest possible ethical responses to the challenges of intervention.

Ijtihad in Contemporary Shi`ism

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-52
Author(s):  
Hamid Mavani
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

The adoption of the Mu`tazili school of “rationalist” theology and the institution of ijtihad enabled Shi`i legal theory to exhibit vibrancy and made it adaptable to changing contingencies and circumstances. But because Shi`i jurists did not face the challenge of governing a state, their juridical focus and orientation remained fixated on resolving issues confronting the laity or their followers (muqallid) at a personal level and did not provide an ethical framework for the ijtihad process. The establishment of a Shi`i state in Iran in 1979, which forced them to tackle social, political, economic, educational, and cultural issues, demanded a change in orientation – away from the individual and toward society as the unit of analysis vis-à-vis ijtihad. They marshaled various methods, legal devices, and strategies to address contemporary social issues in order to provide pragmatic guidance to the citizens that would be in conformity with the moral and ethical principles laid out in the revelatory sources. This paper examines the writings of Ayatullahs Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, Muhammad Mahdi Shamsuddin, Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Fadlullah, and Ruhullah Musavi al-Khomeini and studies this phenomenon of change from individual-oriented ijtihad to society-oriented ijtihad.

How individual ethical frameworks shape physician trainees’ experiences providing end-of-life care: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-106690
Author(s):  
Sarah Rosenwohl-Mack ◽  
Daniel Dohan ◽  
Thea Matthews ◽  
Jason Neil Batten ◽  
Elizabeth Dzeng
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Ethical Frameworks

ObjectivesThe end of life is an ethically challenging time requiring complex decision-making. This study describes ethical frameworks among physician trainees, explores how these frameworks manifest and relates these frameworks to experiences delivering end-of-life care.DesignWe conducted semistructured in-depth exploratory qualitative interviews with physician trainees about experiences of end-of-life care and moral distress. We analysed the interviews using thematic analysis.SettingAcademic teaching hospitals in the United States and United Kingdom.ParticipantsWe interviewed 30 physician trainees. We purposefully sampled across three domains we expected to be associated with individual ethics (stage of training, gender and national healthcare context) in order to elicit a diversity of ethical and experiential perspectives.ResultsSome trainees subscribed to a best interest ethical framework, characterised by offering recommendations consistent with the patient’s goals and values, presenting only medically appropriate choices and supporting shared decision-making between the patient/family and medical team. Others endorsed an autonomy framework, characterised by presenting all technologically feasible choices, refraining from offering recommendations and prioritising the voice of patient/family as the decision-maker.ConclusionsThis study describes how physician trainees conceptualise their roles as being rooted in an autonomy or best interest framework. Physician trainees have limited clinical experience and decision-making autonomy and may have ethical frameworks that are dynamic and potentially highly influenced by experiences providing end-of-life care. A better understanding of how individual physicians’ ethical frameworks influences the care they give provides opportunities to improve patient communication and advance the role of shared decision-making to ensure goal-aligned end-of-life care.

Ethics and equity in rare disease research and healthcare

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Koromina ◽  
Vasileios Fanaras ◽  
Gareth Baynam ◽  
Christina Mitropoulou ◽  
George P Patrinos
Keyword(s):  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Rare Genetic Diseases ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Key Aspects

Rapid advances in next-generation sequencing technology, particularly whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing, have greatly affected our understanding of genetic variation underlying rare genetic diseases. Herein, we describe ethical principles of guiding consent and sharing of genomics research data. We also discuss ethical dilemmas in rare diseases research and patient recruitment policies and address bioethical and societal aspects influencing the ethical framework for genetic testing. Moreover, we focus on addressing ethical issues surrounding research in low- and middle-income countries. Overall, this perspective aims to address key aspects and issues for building proper ethical frameworks, when conducting research involving genomics data with a particular emphasis on rare diseases and genetics testing.

scholarly journals Developing robots: The need for an ethical framework

European View ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Leveringhaus
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Policy Level ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ethical Approaches ◽  
Robotic Technologies

This article discusses the need for an ethical framework for emerging robotic technologies. The temptation, arguably driven by sci-fi treatments of artificial intelligence, is to ask whether future robots should be considered quasi-humans. This article argues that such sci-fi scenarios have little relevance for current technological developments in robotics, nor for ethical approaches to the subject: for the foreseeable future robots will merely be useful tools. In response to emerging robotic technologies, this article proposes an ethical framework that makes a commitment to human rights, human dignity and responsibility a central priority for those developing robots. At a policy level, this entails (1) assessing whether the use of particular robots would result in human rights violations and (2) creating adequate institutions through which human individuals can be held responsible for what robots do.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS DURING GENOMIC RESEARCHES

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Екатерина Шипова
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
International Level ◽  
Aim Analysis ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
International Protection ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Normative Basis

International and regional human rights law offers a normative basis for researches conducted with human participation. Despite the fact that the goal of conducting medical researches, including genomic researches, is to obtain new knowledge, it should never prevail over human rights and freedoms. This principle goes through all international legal acts relating to bio-medical researches and the human genome. Aim: analysis of the existing regulatory and ethical framework for conducting genomic researches at the international level. Methods: empirical methods are used: comparison, analysis and synthesis, generalization, description; special methods: comparative legal, logical, systemic. Results: the study examines the basic regulatory and ethical framework for conducting genomic researches at the international level. The basic principles of the protection of human rights and freedoms during genomic research are formulated, which are enshrined in international regulatory and ethical acts.

scholarly journals Human Rights Anchored in Business: Practice and Challenges in the Palm Oil Sector in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Andika AB. Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Business And Human Rights ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Sustainability Standards ◽  
Direct Market ◽  
Market Pressure

The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights aims to address gaps in human rights governance by setting a standard and corporate culture of respecting human rights. In Malaysia, despite growing requirements for sustainable production, the palm oil sector has been implicated in various corporate human rights violations. This article discusses how do three public listed companies in the palm oil sector in Malaysia perform their obligation to respect human rights? This article argues that while large palm oil companies have shown modest progress in realizing their human rights obligation – the lack of regulatory framework, resources, direct market pressure and membership to sustainability standards continue to serve as critical challenges in compensating the gaps in human rights governance.

scholarly journals Humanitarian Communication Through the Lens of Feminist Ethics of Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
Houda Houbeish
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Ethics Of Care ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Feminist Ethics ◽  
Role Morality ◽  
Humanitarian Ethics ◽  
The Common

Ethics are the driving force of the humanitarian field, a domain that has been governed by general and universal ethical principles. Researchers have largely focused on studying the organizational commitment to these principles, paying less attention to the role-specific ethics of this field. Moreover, researchers who consider the humanitarian field from a media studies lens have often focused on media representation, while questions about communication as practice are sidelined. In this paper, I approach humanitarian ethics with a particular focus on role morality and communication practices. With a particular focus on the role of a humanitarian communications specialist, I argue, in this paper, that the feminist ethics of care is a useful ethical framework that can guide communication specialists to better practices when they are in the field of operation. I also answer the following research questions: What are the main ethical principles that humanitarian communication specialists are expected to observe as humanitarians? Why are these principles insufficient? How might feminist ethics of care fill the gap left by current humanitarian principles and what would be the added value of this framework for practicing humanitarian communication? To answer, I ground my approach in an experiential understanding built from my personal experience as a humanitarian communications specialist. Second, I offer a literature review to highlight the common ground between humanitarian ethics and the feminist ethics of care and the added value of the feminist ethics of care why applied by humanitarian communication specialists. Third, I provide some examples of communications practices that may follow the feminist ethics of care model.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document