scholarly journals Role of Early Brief Psychological Interventions in Substance Use Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Muhammad Siddique Kakar ◽  
Shehzad Rauf ◽  
Muhammad Waleed Iqbal ◽  
Azaan Qureshi ◽  
Saad Nabeel
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Package Program ◽  
Screening Question ◽  
One Year ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

Objective: To assess the effects of early brief psychological interventions in patients of substance use disorders. Study Design and Setting: This descriptive prospective study was conducted at main reception centre filter clinic/ Emergency Department of PNS Shifa hospital from 1st July 2020 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: Total n=78 patients were identified after a simple screening question regarding substance abuse which was how many times the patient had used an illegal drug in the last one year. An answer of more than 1 was considered as a positive response and further screening was done with Drug and Alcohol screening test (DAST). Patients who showed low scores on DAST were recommended for brief interventions which were given as weekly sessions for 6 weeks and reassessment was done at 3rd month. The SPSS 20 package program was used for statistical analysis. The descriptive statistics were analyzed for all the variables evaluated in the study. Results: This study revealed that that after 3 months of brief psychological interventions, 43(55.1%) patients remained abstinent from drugs. 18(23%) patients did not report for follow up. 9(11.5%) had reduced their use while 8(10.2%) were still using drugs regularly. Conclusion: This study showed that brief psychological interventions at the level of filter clinics/Emergency departments can help patients of substance use seek early care who fear going to a psychiatric clinic.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Self-Help Groups and Psychotherapy: Self-Assessment of Patients With Substance Use Disorders

Medicina ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Velga Sudraba ◽  
Inga Millere ◽  
Elmars Rancans
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Group Psychotherapy ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Psychosocial Model ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

Background and Objective. The basis of substance use disorders (SUD) is formed with regard to biopsychosocial aspects. By following the SUD biological model exclusively, the effectiveness of treatment is limited since all the formation aspects of SUD are not taken into account. By using the psychosocial model, however, the understanding and treatment of a substance use illness becomes enhanced and is more effective. A key role in this model is played by self-help groups and psychotherapy. The aim of this study was to determine the viewpoint of patients with substance use disorders in terms of the number of visits, duration of treatment, efficacy of self-help groups, and individual and group psychotherapy in different treatment methods. Material and Methods. The participants were approached by researchers at two drug and alcohol services in Latvia. In total, 587 patients received questionnaires developed by the authors of the study. Results. All the 587 questionnaires of both outpatient respondents (n=200, 34.1%) and inpatient respondents (n=387, 65.9%) were analyzed. Of all the outpatient department respondents, 41.5% (n=83) attended self-help groups, 28.5% (n=57) individual psychotherapy, and 14.5% (n=29) group psychotherapy; the inpatient department respondents were 2 to 4 times less often involved in the measures. Conclusions. The outpatient respondents were more frequently employed. They attended selfhelp groups and psychotherapy and obtained longer remission comparing with inpatient respondents. This study has shown that patients had a greater success rate in staying in remission, maintaining outpatient care and shedding the need of inpatient care.

Brain Development and the Risk for Substance Abuse

2013 ◽  
pp. 706-715
Author(s):  
Kristina Caudle ◽  
B.J. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Substance Abuse Problem ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Drug And Alcohol ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Developmental Window

Drug and alcohol dependence affects millions each year. Adolescence is a period of increased risk for substance use disorders. Understanding how the brain is changing during this developmental window relative to childhood and adulthood and how these changes vary across individuals is critical for predicting risk of later substance abuse and dependence. This chapter provides an overview of recent human imaging and animal studies of brain development focusing on changes in corticostriatal circuitry that has been implicated in addiction. Behavioral, clinical, and neurobiological evidence is provided to help elucidate who may be most at risk for developing a substance abuse problem and whenthey may be most vulnerable.

scholarly journals Medications for Substance Use Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Dennis C. Daley ◽  
Antoine Douaihy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Medication Assisted Treatment ◽  
The Us ◽  
Behavioral Therapies ◽  
Drug And Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Disorder ◽  
Drug And Alcohol ◽  
Client Needs

Medications can help clients safely and comfortably withdraw from substances such as alcohol, opiates, or sedatives if they have a physical addiction. The medicines used will depend on the drug or drugs on which they are dependent. Medication-assisted treatment is the use of medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, in combination with counseling and behavioral therapies, to provide a whole-client approach to the treatment of opioid, alcohol, or tobacco use disorders. The goals of this chapter are to learn about types of medication that aid recovery from a substance use disorder, to understand the reasons why some people may have problems with medication, to learn about withdrawal symptoms and medications that help, to understand the effects of drug and alcohol use on psychiatric medications, and to determine whether or not a client needs medication to help with his or her substance disorder.

Distress Tolerance and Impulsivity Are Associated With Drug and Alcohol Use Consequences in an Online Community Sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren P. Greenberg ◽  
Sarah L. Martindale ◽  
Laura R. Fils-Aimé ◽  
Sara L. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Distress Tolerance ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Substance Use Problems ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Drug And Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug And Alcohol ◽  
The Relationship

Impulsivity and distress tolerance (DT) have been implicated as key features in development and maintenance of substance use disorders. This study expanded on previous research by exploring the four factors of DT (Absorption, Appraisal, Regulation, Tolerance) and their interaction with impulsivity in relation to substance use. Participants were 105 men and 150 women who completed measures of impulsivity, DT, and substance use. Results indicated that Appraisal DT was a better predictor of substance use problems over and above overall DT or other DT factors. Mediation analysis indicated that Appraisal partially mediated the relationship between impulsivity and DT. Results suggest that DT, particularly Appraisal, plays a role in substance use problems, specifically in the relationship between impulsivity and substance use problems. Treatments emphasizing DT skills, particularly the appraisal of aversive emotions, may be useful to employ when attempting to reduce harmful drinking or drug use behaviors.

Attitude and Peer Cross Pressure: Adolescent Drug and Alcohol Use

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley S. Robin ◽  
Eric O. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Public School Districts ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Twelfth Graders ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
One Year ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

This research uses the concept of cross pressures, a concept created to explain political behavior, to predict the frequency of adolescent alcohol, cigarette, and drug use. Using a population of eighth, tenth, and twelfth graders from 207 Michigan public school districts, respondents reported their frequency of alcohol, cigarette, and drug use for thirty days and one year prior to the survey. They also reported their perception of friends' approval/disapproval of substance use, peer pressure to use, and their assessment of risk of use. Cross pressure patterns are created from these three variables and used to predict frequency of substance use. In addition to descriptive data and associations between independent and dependent variables, the findings show the patterns and extent of cross pressures to be highly predictive of frequency of substance use. The implications for understanding adolescent substance use and for educational programs are noted.

Potential Role for Acupuncture in the Treatment of Food Addiction and Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Aaron Chen ◽  
Justin Albert Chen ◽  
Sanghoon Lee ◽  
Gerard Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Alcohol Addiction ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

Addressing the global obesity epidemic requires innovative approaches that are also acceptable to affected individuals. There is growing evidence suggesting that food addiction, one contributor to obesity, bears many similarities to drug and alcohol addiction, presenting a potential role for addiction-focused acupuncture as a novel treatment modality. In this perspective article, we begin by briefly reviewing the evidence linking food and drug/alcohol addiction. We then describe the development of an acupuncture-based protocol for treating opioid addiction in Hong Kong in the 1970s and discuss the evidence base for acupuncture's efficacy in treating a range of substance use disorders. Next, we describe acupuncture's proposed mechanism of action in attenuating withdrawal and promoting abstinence. Finally, we note the dearth of studies specifically examining the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating food addiction and suggest that more research should focus in this area as part of the effort to combat rising rates of obesity worldwide.

scholarly journals Group versus individual treatment for substance use disorders: a study protocol for the COMDAT trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidsel Helena Karsberg ◽  
Mads Uffe Pedersen ◽  
Morten Hesse ◽  
Birgitte Thylstrup ◽  
Michael Mulbjerg Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

Abstract Background Alcohol and other drug use disorders contribute substantially to the global burden of illness. The majority of people with substance use disorders do not receive any treatment for their problems, and developing treatments that are attractive and effective to patients should be a priority. However, whether treatment is best delivered in a group format or an individual format has only been studied to a very limited degree. The COMDAT (Combined Drug and Alcohol Treatment) trial evaluates the feasibility, acceptability, and cost effectiveness of MOVE group (MOVE-G) treatment versus MOVE individual (MOVE-I) treatment in four community-based outpatient treatment centres in Denmark. Methods A two-arm non-inferiority trial comparing MOVE-I (Pedersen et al., Drug Alcohol Depend 218:108363, 2020) with MOVE-G a combined group treatment for both alcohol use disorder and drug use disorder. The primary objective is to examine whether MOVE-G is non-inferior to MOVE-I in relation to abstinence from drug and/or alcohol, number of sessions received, and completion of treatment as planned. All participants will receive treatment based on cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing, vouchers for attendance and text reminders, as well as medication as needed (MOVE). Participants (n = 300) will be recruited over a one-year period at four public treatment centers in four Danish municipalities. A short screening will determine eligibility and randomization status. Hereafter, participants will be randomized to the two treatment arms. A thorough baseline assessment will be conducted approximately 1 week after randomization. Follow-up assessments will be conducted at 9 months post-randomization. In addition, patients’ use of drugs and alcohol, and patients’ wellbeing will be measured in all sessions. The main outcome measures are drug and alcohol intake at 9 months follow-up, number of sessions attended, and dropout from treatment. Discussion The present study will examine the potential and efficacy of combined groups (patients with alcohol and drug disorders in the same group) versus individually based treatment both based on the treatment method MOVE (Pedersen et al., Drug Alcohol Depend 218:108363, 2020). Trial registration ISRCTN88025085, registration date 30/06/2020.

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