scholarly journals Gestantes hiv positivas e os fatores de risco relacionados à transmissão vertical do hiv

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Bruna Lígia Ferreira Almeida Barbosa ◽  
Janaina Valadares Guimarães ◽  
Ana Karina Maqrques Salge

RESUMOObjetivo: determinar as características sociodemográficas de gestantes infectadas pelo HIV relacionadas ao risco de transmissão vertical do HIV. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo, em que foram analisados 323 prontuários de gestantes HIV positivo que realizaram o parto em uma maternidade pública. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa eletrônico SigmaStat®, versão 2.0. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados descritivamente a partir de distribuição de frequências, médias e desvio padrão. As proporções foram comparadas pelo teste do c2, acompanhado do teste exato de Fisher. Foram consideradas estatisticamente significantes as diferenças em que p foi menor que 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: verificaram-se situações que contrariam as recomendações do Ministério da Saúde: 54,5% das gestantes realizaram menos de seis consultas pré-natal; 87% praticaram sexo desprotegido durante a gestação; 71,2% realizaram a primeira consulta pré-natal somente após o primeiro trimestre. Conclusão: foi obtido o diagnóstico quantitativo acerca dos riscos de exposição sofrido pelas gestantes, facilitando um planejamento assertivo em relação aos aspectos que ainda são falhos e que aumentam as chances da transmissão vertical do HIV. Descritores:  HIV; Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas; Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis; Gestantes.ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of pregnant women infected with HIV related to the risk of vertical HIV transmission. Method: a descriptive and quantitative study, in which 323 records of HIV positive pregnant women who were delivered at a public maternity hospital were analyzed. The data was analyzed by the electronic program, SigmaStat®, version 2.0. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively from frequency distribution, means and standard deviation. The proportions were compared by the c2 test, accompanied by Fisher's exact test. Statistically significant differences were found in which p was less than 5% (p <0.05). Results: there were situations that contradicted the recommendations of the Ministry of Health: 54.5% of the pregnant women performed less than six prenatal consultations; 87% had unprotected sex during pregnancy; 71.2% performed the first prenatal visit only after the first trimester. Conclusion: a quantitative diagnosis was obtained about the risks of exposure experienced by pregnant women, facilitating assertive planning in relation to aspects that are still flawed and that increase the chances of vertical HIV transmission. Descriptors: HIV; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Communicable Disease Control; Pregnant Women.in relation to aspects that are still flawed and that increase the chances of vertical HIV transmission. Descriptors: HIV; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Communicable Disease Control; Pregnant Women.RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar las características sociodemográficas de las mujeres embarazadas infectadas por el VIH relacionandas al riesgo de transmisión vertical del VIH. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, en que fueron analizados 323 prontuarios de las mujeres embarazadas VIH positivo, que realizaron el parto en una maternidad pública. Los datos fueron analizados por el programa electrónico SigmaStat®, versión 2.0. Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron de forma descriptiva a partir de la distribución de frecuencias, medias y desviaciones padronizadas. Las proporciones fueron comparadas por la prueba del c2, acompañado de la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se consideraron estadísticamente significativas las diferencias en que p fue menor que 5% (p <0,05). Resultados: se verificaron situaciones que contrarresta las recomendaciones del Ministerio de Salud: 54,5% de las mujeres embarazadas realizaron menos de seis consultas prenatales, el 87% practicaron sexo desprotegido durante la gestación; el 71,2% realizaron la primera consulta prenatal sólo después del primer trimestre. Conclusión: se obtuvo el diagnóstico cuantitativo acerca de los riesgos de exposición sufridos por las mujeres embarazadas, facilitando una planificación asertiva en relación a los aspectos que aún son fallidos y que aumentan las posibilidades de la transmisión vertical del VIH. Descriptores: VIH; Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa; Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles; Mujeres Embarazadas.

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Moran-Thomas

Long-accepted models of causality cast diseases into the binary of either “contagious” or “non-communicable,” typically with institutional resources focused primarily on interrupting infectious disease transmission. But in southern Belize, as in much of the world today, epidemic diabetes has become a leading cause of death and a notorious contributor to organ failure and amputated limbs. This ethnographic essay follows caregivers’ and families’ work to survive in-between public health categories, and asks what responses a bifurcated model of infectious versus non-communicable disease structures or incapacitates in practice. It proposes an alternative focus on diabetes as a “para-communicable” condition—materially transmitted as bodies and ecologies intimately shape each other over time, with unequal and compounding effects for historically situated groups of people. The article closes by querying how communicability relates to community, and why it matters to reframe narratives about contributing causalities in relation to struggles for treatment access.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria Cadavid Restrepo ◽  
Luis Furuya-Kanamori ◽  
Helen Mayfield ◽  
Eric J. Nilles ◽  
Colleen L. Lau

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. WATERS ◽  
H. S. SIDHU ◽  
G. N. MERCER

AbstractPatchy or divided populations can be important to infectious disease transmission. We first show that Lloyd’s mean crowding index, an index of patchiness from ecology, appears as a term in simple deterministic epidemic models of the SIR type. Using these models, we demonstrate that the rate of movement between patches is crucial for epidemic dynamics. In particular, there is a relationship between epidemic final size and epidemic duration in patchy habitats: controlling inter-patch movement will reduce epidemic duration, but also final size. This suggests that a strategy of quarantining infected areas during the initial phases of a virulent epidemic might reduce epidemic duration, but leave the population vulnerable to future epidemics by inhibiting the development of herd immunity.


2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Aurelia Florea ◽  
Cristian Lăzureanu

In this paper we consider a three-dimensional nonlinear system which models the dynamics of a population during an epidemic disease. The considered model is a SIS-type system in which a recovered individual automatically becomes a susceptible one. We take into account the births and deaths, and we also consider that susceptible individuals are divided into two groups: non-vaccinated and vaccinated. In addition, we assume a medical scenario in which vaccinated people take a special measure to quarantine their newborns. We study the stability of the considered system. Numerical simulations point out the behavior of the considered population.


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