scholarly journals Accidents with exposure to biological material treated at a hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arimatéia Portela Azevedo ◽  
Jéssica Francisca Souza Medeiros ◽  
Francisca Parente Medeiros ◽  
José Geraldo Santos De Araújo ◽  
Rosana Batista Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Work Accidents ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the occurrence and characteristics of accidents with biological material treated at the hospital of reference in Infectology for prophylactic treatment. Method: This is a quantitative, descriptive, retrospective study in the database of the hospital pharmacy. The completed notification forms were filled in appropriately. Results were presented in the form of tables and figures. Results: 529 cases of accidents involving exposure to biological material were reported; Of these, 496 (93.8%) required post-exposure prophylaxis and 43.3% had no information about the source person; As to gender identity, 351 (66.4%) claimed to be men, 173 (32.7%) claimed to be women and five (0.9%) claimed to be a transsexual man; were occupational accidents 397 (75%) occurrences, sexual exposure consented in 129 (24.4%) cases and victims sexual violence in three (0.6%). Conclusion: Any accident with exposure to biological material should be considered as a case of medical emergency, since, in order to be more effective, interventions for prophylaxis need to be initiated soon after the occurrence of the accident. Descriptors: Occupational Exposure; Biological Risks; Infectocontagious Disease; Work Accidents; Occupational Health; Infectology. RESUMOObjetivo: descrever a ocorrência e as características de acidentes com material biológico atendidos no hospital de referência em Infectologia para tratamento profilático. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, descritivo, retrospectivo, no banco de dados da farmácia hospitalar. Elegeram-se as fichas de notificação preenchidas de forma adequada. Apresentaram-se os resultados em forma de tabelas e figuras. Resultados: notificaram-se, 529 casos de acidentes envolvendo exposição a material biológico; destes, 496 (93,8%) necessitaram de profilaxia pós-exposição e 43,3% não tinham nenhuma informação sobre a pessoa-fonte; quanto à identidade de gênero, 351 (66,4%) afirmavam ser homens, 173 (32,7%) afirmavam ser mulheres e cinco (0,9%) afirmavam ser homem transexual; foram acidentes ocupacionais 397 (75%) ocorrências, exposição sexual consentida em 129 (24,4%) casos e vítimas violência sexual em três (0,6%). Conclusão: deve-se considerar qualquer acidente com exposição a material biológico como caso de emergência médica, uma vez que, para se obter maior eficácia, as intervenções para profilaxia necessitam ser iniciadas logo após a ocorrência do acidente. Descritores: Exposição Ocupacional; Riscos Biológicos; Doença Infectocontagiosa; Acidentes de Trabalho; Saúde Ocupacional; Infectologia.   RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la ocurrencia y las características de accidentes con material biológico atendidos en el hospital de referencia en Infectología para tratamiento profiláctico. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, retrospectivo, en el banco de datos de la farmacia hospitalaria. Se eligieron las fichas de notificación cumplimentadas adecuadamente. Se presentaron los resultados en forma de tablas y figuras. Resultados: se notificaron 529 casos de accidentes que involucra exposición a material biológico; de estos, 496 (93,8%) necesitaron de profilaxis post-exposición y el 43,3% no tenían ninguna información sobre la persona-fuente; en cuanto a la identidad de género, 351 (66,4%) afirmaban ser hombres, 173 (32,7%) afirmaban ser mujeres y cinco (0,9%) afirmaban ser hombre transexual; fueron accidentes ocupacionales 397 (75%) ocurrencias, exposición sexual consentida en 129 (24,4%) casos y víctimas de violencia sexual entres (0,6%). Conclusión: se debe considerar cualquier accidente con exposición a material biológico como caso de emergencia médica, ya que, para obtener mayor eficacia, las intervenciones para profilaxis necesitan ser iniciadas inmediatamente después de la ocurrencia del accidente. Descritores: Exposición Ocupacional; Contención de Riesgos Biológicos; Enfermedades Transmisibles; Accidentes de Trabajo; Salud Laboral; Infectología.

scholarly journals Human exposure to potential rabies virus transmitters in Olinda, State of Pernambuco, between 2002 and 2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Dantas-Torres ◽  
Edmilson Ferreira de Oliveira-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the data on human exposure to potential rabies virus transmitters in Olinda, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Data from 7,062 patients who underwent antirabies prophylactic treatment in Olinda between 2002 and 2006 were analyzed. As expected, dogs and cats were involved in most of the cases; i.e. 82.3 and 16.3%, respectively. Attacks by nonhuman primates, bats and other species (unspecified) were also reported. Among the 7,062 patients who underwent antirabies treatment, 582 patients abandoned the treatment, either by indication from the health unit (195) or by their own decision (387). In conclusion, this study has indicated that prophylaxis for human rabies in this urban area will require a multifaceted approach, including health education, post-exposure prophylaxis, systematic vaccination for dogs and cats, and possibly selective control over wild animals such as hematophagous bats.

scholarly journals Exposure to Biological Material Between Workers of the Health Area and Support Team of a Reference Institution of the State of Pará

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Valquiria De Jesus Silva ◽  
Caroline Macedo de Camargo ◽  
Liwcy Keller de Oliveira Lopes Lima ◽  
Nayza Dourado Arantes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Material ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Health Area ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Support Team ◽  
Work Accidents ◽  
Simple Average

Abstract: The present study had as objective to evaluate the accidents with exposure to Biological Material (BM) among workers who work directly and indirectly in health care in the municipality of Redenção - PA. This is an epidemiological, retrospective and descriptive study, with a quantitative approach and analysis, developed in a public hospital which all records of work accidents with BM of the injured healthcare works from professionals between the years 2007 to 2014 were analyzed. The data were collected by filling out a standardized form and analyzed by descriptive statistical was performed by simple average and the data were presented in table format. A total of 257 accidents with BM exposure were reported engage different professional categories, and the largest accident record was from nursing technician’s category with 173 (67.3%). The professionals from 18 to 29 years presented highest frequency of accidents occurred with 109 (42.4%), and female sex was predominant with 224 (87.2%). The most prevalent perforating material was needle 175 (68.1%). The data indicate that most of the professionals were using some type of PPE at the time of the accident 244 (94.9%), glove 221 (86%) being the most cited. Most percutaneous exposures were washed with soap and water 119 (46.3%) and the identification of the source patient were identified in 222 (86.4%) accidents, but in the records the serological status of those patients were as reported as unknown. Therefore, negligence and poor knowledge about the importance of these data were carefully identified, leaving gaps in the records of that important information which could describe the real situation of the accidents. It is concluded that it is of utmost importance to review the form of registration and to train the professionals who execute it in order to raise awareness of the importance of complete and reliable information. Keywords: Occupational Exposure. Exposure to Biological Agents. Occupational Accidents Registry. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Exposição a Material Biológico entre Trabalhadores da Área da Saúde e Equipe de Apoio de uma Instituição de Referência do Estado do Pará Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os acidentes com exposição a Material Biológico (MB) entre trabalhadores que atuam direta e indiretamente na assistência à saúde no município de Redenção-PA. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo e descritivo, com abordagem e análise quantitativa, desenvolvido em um hospital de referência. Foram analisadas todas as fichas de registro dos acidentes de trabalho com MB dos profissionais acidentados entre os anos de 2007 a 2014. Os dados foram coletados por meio do preenchimento de um formulário padronizado e analisados utilizando-se a estatística descritiva por meio de porcentagens e apresentados no formato de tabelas. Foram notificados 257 casos de acidentes com exposição a MB, entre diversas categorias profissionais, sendo a categoria de técnicos de enfermagem com maior registro de acidentes 173 (67,3%). A maior frequência de acidentes ocorreu entre profissionais com idade de 18 a 29 anos 109 (42,4%), com predominância do sexo feminino 224 (87,2%). O material perfurocortante de maior prevalência foi à agulha 175 (68,1%). Os dados indicam que a maioria dos profissionais estaria utilizando algum tipo de EPI no momento do acidente 244 (94,9%), sendo a luva 221 (86%) o mais citado. Na maioria das exposições percutâneas foram realizadas lavagem com água e sabão 119 (46,3%). E a maioria das ocorrências o paciente-fonte foi identificado 222 (86,4%), porém, nos registros o estado sorológico do paciente-fonte constava como desconhecidos. Portanto, observou-se negligência e conhecimento deficiente sobre a importância destes dados serem minuciosamente coletados, deixando lacunas nos registros de informações importantes para a identificação da real situação dos acidentes. Conclui-se que é de suma importância rever a forma de registro e capacitar os profissionais que a executam, a fim de conscientizá-los sobre a importância de informações completas e fidedignas. Palavras-chave: Exposição Ocupacional. Exposição a Agentes Biológicos. Notificação de Acidentes de Trabalho. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ■ Text in Portuguese

scholarly journals Aprotinin - a New Drug Candidate for The Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Ivashchenko ◽  
Andrey Svistunov ◽  
Tatiana Khorobryh ◽  
Vladimir Loginov ◽  
Ruben Karapetian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Health Care Personnel ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

The efficacy of Aprotinin as prophylactic treatment of Covid-19 was studied in the hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 and in the health care personnel working with Covid-19 patients in hospital. High efficacy of Aprotinin in pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Occupational accidents involving biological material among public health workers

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Bonagamba Chiodi ◽  
Maria Helena Palucci Marziale ◽  
Maria Lúcia do Carmo Cruz Robazzi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Public Health Workers ◽  
Work Accident ◽  
Work Accidents

This descriptive research aimed to recognize the occurrence of work accidents (WA) involving exposure to biological material among health workers at Public Health Units in Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil. A quantitative approach was adopted. In 2004, 155 accidents were notified by means of the Work Accident Communication (WAC). Sixty-two accidents (40%) involved exposure to biological material that could cause infections like Hepatitis and Aids. The highest number of victims (42 accidents) came from the category of nursing aids and technicians. Needles were responsible for 80.6% of accidents and blood was the biological material involved in a majority of occupational exposure cases. This subject needs greater attention, so that prevention measures can be implemented, which consider the peculiarities of the activities carried out by the different professional categories.

Low awareness and use of post-exposure prophylaxis among adolescents and young adults in South Africa: implications for the prevention of new HIV infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi ◽  
Mohammed Sanusi Yusuf ◽  
Elmon Mudefi ◽  
Oladele Vincent Adeniyi ◽  
Ntombana Rala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Study of sharp injuries and blood splash exposures among healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in Bangalore

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Sivananjiah Pradeep ◽  
Suman Gadicherla Raghu ◽  
Prathab A G ◽  
Banashankari G Rudresh ◽  
Radhika Kunnavil
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Sharps Injury ◽  
Sharps Injuries

The working environment of healthcare workers (HCW) exposes them to sharp injuries. This communication attempts to examine the injury registers, incidence of sharps injuries and blood splash exposures, and the post-exposure prophylaxis status of employees in a tertiary care hospital. Analysis included records form 54 locations of two units of a tertiary hospital attached to a Medical College. Maintenance of the injury register overall was highly satisfactory in both units. Two hundred and nine injuries were recorded from both units of the hospital. The majority of injuries (60.5%) occurred in the age group of 20-30 years with 70% among females. Waste handlers were at increased risk during waste management procedures. Thirty two percent of sharps injury injuries occurred in wards. Of the ward nursing staff, 25.3% received sharps injuries. Post-exposure prophylaxis for Hepatitis B (primary dose) was given to 25 HCWs; 11 received booster doses. The basic regimen for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis was given to 4 HCWs. Awareness about records maintenance, regular documentation, awareness and training, and implementation of appropriate preventive measures can reduce the incidence of injuries. Key words: Sharps, injury register, Health care workers (HCW),Post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

Efficacy of one-dose intramuscular rabies vaccine as pre-exposure prophylaxis in travellers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J Mills ◽  
Colleen L Lau ◽  
Christine Mills ◽  
Luis Furuya-Kanamori
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Alternative Schedule ◽  
Insufficient Time ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background Current guidelines for rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) recommend multiple vaccine doses. Travellers sometimes present for pre-travel consultation with insufficient time to complete standard PrEP schedules. We investigated the efficacy of one-dose intramuscular (IM) vaccine in priming the immune system (as PrEP) by measuring antibody response to simulated post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Methods A quasi-experimental pre–post intervention clinical trial was conducted at a specialist travel clinic in Australia. Adults (≥18 years) without a history of rabies vaccination were included. At Visit 1, seronegative status was confirmed and one dose of 0.5 ml IM rabies vaccine (Verorab®) administered. At Visit 2 (≥60 days after Visit 1), serology was repeated and a simulated PEP dose (0.5 ml IM) given on this day and again 3 days later (Visit 3). Serology was repeated at Visit 4 (7 days after Visit 2). Results A total of 94 antibody-negative participants were included (<50 years [n = 50]; ≥50 years [n = 44]). At Visit 2, 38.0 and 31.8% of participants aged <50 and ≥50 years were antibody-positive (≥0.5 EU/ml). At Visit 4, all participants were antibody-positive; 82.0 and 47.7% of participants aged <50 and ≥50 years had antibody levels >4 EU/ml, respectively. Conclusions One-dose IM vaccine was effective as PrEP for priming the immune system in both age groups, resulting in rapid development of antibodies 7 days after commencing simulated PEP. If there is insufficient time to complete a standard PrEP schedule, one-dose IM could be considered as an alternative schedule for short trips, rather than not offering travellers any doses at all. Clinical trials registration: ACTRN12619000946112.

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