Perfil epidemiológico mundial do adenocarcinoma prostático

ABSTRACTObjectives: to realize a literature systematic review on the incidence of cancer in the world. Methodology: it was conducted a search in the database of the PUBMED with the descriptors epidemiology, prostate, cancer. We selected articles published from 2002 to 2007. It was used as a criterion for exclusion searches that are not directly addressing the incidence of prostate cancer in the population. They were collected the following variables: author(s), year, purpose, methodology and conclusions. Results: 10 articles were reported. Conclusions: it was possible to verify that in the world, the distribution of prostate cancer varies with ethnicity, genetic susceptibility and environmental factors such as diet. With regard to ethnicity, black men have greater susceptibility to tumor that white men of similar age. In the case of genetic, changes in alleles of genes that control the metabolism of androgens influence the incidence of tumor. As for nutrition, research confirms the influence of foods such as meat, fats and oils, ice cream, margarine and vegetable fat. Descriptors: neoplasms; prostate; epidemiology.RESUMO Objetivo: realizar revisão sistemática de literatura sobre a incidência dessa neoplasia no mundo. Metodologia: foi realizada busca na base de dados do PUBMED com os descritores epidemiology, prostate, câncer. Foram selecionados artigos publicados entre 2002 a 2007. Utilizou-se como critério de exclusão, pesquisas que não se tratavam diretamente da incidência do câncer de próstata na população. Foram coletadas as seguintes variáveis: autor(es), ano, objetivo, metodologia e conclusões. Resultados: foram relatados 10 artigos. Conclusões: foi possível verificar que, no mundo, a distribuição do câncer de próstata varia com a etnia, susceptibilidade genética e fatores ambientais, tais como dieta. Com relação à etnia pode-se perceber que homens negros possuem maior susceptibilidade ao tumor que homens brancos de mesma idade. Tratando-se de genética, as variações em alelos de genes que controlam o metabolismo de andrógenos influenciam na incidência do tumor. Quanto à nutrição, pesquisas confirmam a influência de alimentos como: carne, gorduras e óleos, sorvetes, margarina e gordura vegetal. Descritores: neoplasias; próstata; epidemiologia.RESUMENObjetivos: realizar una revisión sistemática de datos epidemiológicos sobre la incidencia de cáncer en el mundo. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos de PUBMED con los descriptores epidemiología, próstata, cáncer. Fueran seleccionados los artículos publicados entre 2002 y 2007. Se utilizó como criterio de exclusión búsquedas que no abordaban directamente la incidencia del cáncer de próstata en la población. Fueran recogidos las siguientes variables: autor (s), año, objetivo, metodología y conclusiones. Resultados: fueran elegidos 10 artículos. Conclusiones: es posible verificar que en el mundo, la distribución de cáncer de próstata varía con el origen étnico, la susceptibilidad genética y factores ambientales como la dieta. Con respecto al origen étnico estudios muestran que los hombres negros tienen una mayor susceptibilidad a cáncer de próstata que hombres blancos de edad similar. En el caso de la genética, los cambios en los alelos de los genes que controlan el metabolismo de los andrógenos influyen en la incidencia del tumor. En cuanto a la nutrición, la investigación confirma la influencia de los alimentos como la carne, aceites, helados, margarinas y las grasas. Descriptores: neoplasias; próstata; epidemiologia.

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The prevalence of prostate cancer in Brazil is higher in Black men than in White men: systematic review and meta-analysis

International braz j urol ◽

10.1590/s1677-55382012000400002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 440-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Frederico R. Romero ◽

Antonio W. Romero ◽

Rui Manuel S. de Almeida ◽

Renato Tambara Filho

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Black Men ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

White Men

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A review of new hormonal therapies for prostate cancer in black men: is there enough data?

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-020-07780-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matthias E. Meunier ◽

Pascal Blanchet ◽

Yann Neuzillet ◽

Thierry Lebret ◽

Laurent Brureau

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Androgen Receptor ◽

Black Men ◽

White Men ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Black Patients ◽

First Results ◽

Black Populations ◽

Hormonal Therapies

Abstract Background Prostate cancer among black men is known to have specific molecular characteristics, especially the androgen receptor or enzymes related to the androgen metabolism. These targets are keys to the action of new hormonal therapies. Nevertheless, literature has a lack of data regarding black men. We aimed to gather the available literature data on new hormonal therapies among black populations. Methods We conducted a literature review from the PubMed / MEDLINE database until October 2020. All clinical studies of new hormonal therapies and black populations, regardless of methodology, were included. Results Four studies provided data on new hormonal therapies in black populations. Three studies reported a PSA decline in black patients treated with Abiraterone, higher in black men than in white men. Overall survival also appears to be higher in black patients treated with Abiraterone only or first. Conclusion Few articles have evaluated the effectiveness and safety of use of these treatments among black populations. The first results seem to show that Abiraterone can provide a benefit in overall survival in black populations. Prospective studies are needed to answer these questions in the future.

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Comorbidities and the Risk of Late-Stage Prostate Cancer

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2006.383 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 2460-2470 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Steven T. Fleming ◽

Kathleen McDavid ◽

Kevin Pearce ◽

Dmitri Pavlov

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Black Men ◽

Late Stage ◽

White Men ◽

Cardiac Conduction ◽

Conduction Disorders ◽

Stage Disease ◽

Severe Renal Disease ◽

Artery Disease

The degree to which comorbidities affect the diagnosis of prostate cancer is not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine how comorbidities affect the stage at which prostate cancer is diagnosed in elderly white and black men. We obtained data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of the National Cancer Institute merged with Medicare claims data. For each patient, we estimated associations between stage of disease at diagnosis and each of the 27 comorbidities. The sample included 2,489 black and 2,587 white men with staged prostate cancer. Coronary artery disease, benign hypertension, and dyslipidemia reduced the odds of late-stage prostate cancer. A prior diagnosis of peripheral vascular disease, severe renal disease, or substance abuse increased the odds of being diagnosed with late-stage disease. The study shows some effect modification by race, particularly among white men with substance abuse, cardiac conduction disorders, and other neurologic conditions. The strongest predictors of late-stage prostate cancer diagnosis for both white and black men were age at diagnosis of at least 80 years and lack of PSA screening. Comorbidities do affect stage at diagnosis, although in different ways. Four hypotheses are discussed to explain these findings.

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Black men in England are twice as likely to get prostate cancer as white men, study shows:

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.h4138 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. h4138

Author(s):

Susan Mayor

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Black Men ◽

White Men

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Overall Survival of Black and White Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Docetaxel

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.18.01279 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 403-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Susan Halabi ◽

Sandipan Dutta ◽

Catherine M. Tangen ◽

Mark Rosenthal ◽

Daniel P. Petrylak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Black Men ◽

Performance Status ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

White Men ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽

Black And White ◽

Castration Resistant

Purpose Several studies have reported that among patients with localized prostate cancer, black men have a shorter overall survival (OS) time than white men, but few data exist for men with advanced prostate cancer. The primary goal of this analysis was to compare the OS in black and white men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who were treated in phase III clinical trials with docetaxel plus prednisone (DP) or a DP-containing regimen. Methods Individual participant data from 8,820 men with mCRPC randomly assigned in nine phase III trials to DP or a DP-containing regimen were combined. Race was based on self-report. The primary end point was OS. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the prognostic importance of race (black v white) adjusted for established risk factors common across the trials (age, prostate-specific antigen, performance status, alkaline phosphatase, hemoglobin, and sites of metastases). Results Of 8,820 men, 7,528 (85%) were white, 500 (6%) were black, 424 (5%) were Asian, and 368 (4%) were of unknown race. Black men were younger and had worse performance status, higher testosterone and prostate-specific antigen, and lower hemoglobin than white men. Despite these differences, the median OS was 21.0 months (95% CI, 19.4 to 22.5 months) versus 21.2 months (95% CI, 20.8 to 21.7 months) in black and white men, respectively. The pooled multivariable hazard ratio of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.72 to 0.91) demonstrates that overall, black men have a statistically significant decreased risk of death compared with white men ( P < .001). Conclusion When adjusted for known prognostic factors, we observed a statistically significant increased OS in black versus white men with mCRPC who were enrolled in these clinical trials. The mechanism for these differences is not known.

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Prostate-Specific Antigen as Predictor of Prostate Cancer in Black Men and White Men

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute ◽

10.1093/jnci/87.5.354 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 87 (5) ◽

pp. 354-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

A. S. Whittemore ◽

C. Lele ◽

G. D. Friedman ◽

T. Stamey ◽

J. H. Vogelman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Prostate Specific Antigen ◽

Black Men ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

White Men

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GSTP1 positive prostatic adenocarcinomas are more common in Black than White men in the United States

10.1101/2020.08.28.20183954 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Igor Vidal ◽

Qizhi Zheng ◽

Jessica L. Hicks ◽

Jiayu Chen ◽

Elizabeth A. Platz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Black Men ◽

Cpg Island ◽

Molecular Subtype ◽

White Men ◽

The United States ◽

Dna Hypermethylation ◽

Black Patients ◽

Prostate Cancers ◽

White Patients

GSTP1 is a member of the Glutathione-S-transferase (GSTS) family silenced by CpG island DNA hypermethylation in 90-95% of prostate cancers. However, prostate cancers expressing GSTP1 have not been well characterized. We used immunohistochemistry against GSTP1 to examine 1673 primary prostatic adenocarcinomas on TMAs with redundant sampling from the index tumor from prostatectomies. GSTP1 protein was positive in at least one TMA core in 7.7% of cases and in all TMA cores in 4.4% of cases. The percentage of adenocarcinomas from Black patients who had any GSTP1 positive TMA cores was 14.9%, which was 2.5 times higher than the percentage from White patients (5.9%; P < 0.001). Further, the percentages of tumors from Black patients who had all TMA spots positive for GSTP1 (9.5%) was 3-fold higher than the percentage from White patients (3.2%; P<0.001). The increased percentage of GSTP1 positive cases in Black men was present only in ERG positive cases. By in situ hybridization, GSTP1 mRNA expression was concordant with protein staining, supporting the lack of silencing of at least some GSTP1 alleles in GSTP1-positive tumor cells. This is the first report revealing that the GSTP1-positive prostate cancer subset is substantially over-represented among prostate cancers from Black compared to White men. This observation should prompt additional studies to determine whether GSTP1 positive cases represent a distinct molecular subtype of prostate cancer and whether GSTP1 expression could provide a biological underpinning for the observed disparate outcomes for Black men.

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Differences in Toxicity and Outcomes in Clinical Trial Participants From Minority Populations

American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book ◽

10.1200/edbk_319899 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Matthew Labriola ◽

Daniel J. George

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Adverse Event ◽

Racial Disparities ◽

Black Men ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽

White Men ◽

Androgen Deprivation ◽

The Impact

Black men have a higher prevalence of and mortality rate from prostate cancer compared with White men and have been shown to present with more aggressive and later-stage disease. How prostate cancer treatment affects these racial disparities is still unclear. Several studies have shown that Black men who receive treatment have a more pronounced decrease in prostate cancer–specific death; however, there remains a large disparity in all-cause mortality. This disparity may be in part related to a higher risk of death resulting from comorbidities, given the higher rates of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Black men, both of which are complicated by the use of androgen-deprivation therapy. To further understand these disparities, it is important that we analyze the racial differences in adverse event rates and severity. Increasing the percentage of Black men in clinical trials will improve the understanding of the biologic drivers of racial disparities in prostate cancer. To evaluate the potential differences in adverse event reporting and demonstrate the feasibility of enrolling equal numbers of Black and White men in trials, we performed a prospective, multicenter study of abiraterone plus prednisone with androgen-deprivation therapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, stratified by race. Racial differences in prostate-specific antigen kinetics and toxicity profile were demonstrated. Higher rates and severity of adverse events related to adrenal hormone suppression, including hypertension, hypokalemia, and hypomagnesemia, were seen in the Black cohort, not previously reported. Increased enrollment of Black men in prostate cancer clinical trials is imperative to further understand the impact of race on clinical outcomes and treatment tolerability.

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Racial differences in bone mineral density and fractures in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.212 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (7_suppl) ◽

pp. 212-212

Author(s):

A. K. Morgans ◽

M. L. Hancock ◽

G. Barnette ◽

M. S. Steiner ◽

R. A. Morton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Black Men ◽

Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Vertebral Fractures ◽

White Men ◽

Percentage Change ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Black And White

212 Background: In the general population, black men have higher bone mineral density (BMD) and lower fracture rates than white men. Whether race influences bone loss and fracture risk during androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer is unknown. Using data from a recently completed prospective, randomized, clinical trial we compared BMD and fracture rates of black and white men receiving ADT for prostate cancer. Methods: Subjects in these analyses (n=516) were members of the placebo group of a two-year randomized controlled trial of toremifene to prevent fractures in men receiving ADT for prostate cancer. All subjects resided in United States and reported their race as either black (n=68) or white (n=448). We compared baseline characteristics, including BMD and prevalent vertebral fractures, between black (n=68) and white men (n=448). We also compared changes in BMD and rates of new vertebral fractures over the two year study period. Results: Black men had higher baseline hip BMD than white men (0.98 ± 0.15 g/m2 and 0.91 ± 0.15 g/m2, respectively; p=0.001). Black men had similar BMD of the spine (1.09 ± 0.22 g/m2 and 1.11 ± 0.22 g/m2 in black and white men, respectively; p=0.51), but fewer prevalent vertebral fractures (7.4% versus 15.0%; p=0.13). Changes in BMD from baseline to 24 months were similar between black and white men (total hip percentage change −2.54 ± 0.26 in white men and −2.09 ± 0.60 in black men; p=0.55; lumbar spine percentage change −1.30 ± 0.33 in white men and −1.67 ± 0.71 in black men; p<0.71). Rates of new vertebral fractures trended towards being lower in black men (1.15% of black men versus 4.83% of white men; relative risk 0.24; p<0.12). Conclusions: Among men receiving ADT for prostate cancer, black men had higher baseline BMD at the hip and fewer prevalent vertebral fractures. Changes in BMD during ongoing ADT were similar for black and white men. Consistent with lower baseline risk for fracture, however, black men had fewer new vertebral fractures than white men. [Table: see text]

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Racial Differences in Prostate Cancer Treatment: The Role of Socioeconomic Status

Ethnicity & Disease ◽

10.18865/ed.27.3.201 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 201 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Megan Watson ◽

David Grande ◽

Archana Radhakrishnan ◽

Nandita Mitra ◽

Katelyn R. Ward ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Black Men ◽

Racial Differences ◽

Employment Status ◽

White Men ◽

Definitive Treatment ◽

Prostate Cancer Treatment ◽

To Receive ◽

Neighborhood Ses

Objective: This study examines whether socioeconomic status (SES), measured at both the individual and neighborhood levels, is associated with receipt of definitive treatment for localized prostate cancer and whether these associations mediate racial differences in treatment between non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black men. Design: The Philadelphia Area Prostate Cancer Access Study (P2 Access) is a mailed, cross-sectional survey of men sampled from the Pennsylvania Cancer Registry, combined with neighborhood Census data. Setting: Eight counties in southeastern Pennsylvania. Participants: 2,386 men with prostate adenocarcinoma. Main Measures: Receipt of definitive treatment, race, self-reported income, education, employment status, and neighborhood SES. Results: Overall, Black and White men were equally likely to receive definitive treatment. Men living in neighborhoods with higher SES were more likely to receive definitive treatment (OR 1.57, 95%CI 1.01, 2.42). Among men who received definitive treatment, Black men were significantly less likely to receive radical prostatectomy compared with White men (OR .71, 95% CI .52, .98), as were men with some college education compared with those with a high school education or less (OR .66, 95% CI .47, .94). SES does not mediate racial differences in receipt of definitive treatment or the type of definitive treatment received, and associations with income or employment status were not significant. Conclusions: These results stress the importance of examining racial disparities within geographic areas and highlight the unique associations that different measures of SES, particularly neighborhood SES and education, may have with prostate cancer treatment.Ethn Dis. 2017;27(3):201-208; doi:10.18865/ed.27.3.201.

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