scholarly journals ‘South-South’ Borrowing: Lessons from the Caribbean and implications for post 2015 agenda

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Lam
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Education For All ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Foreign Ideas ◽  
Cross National

This article aims to draw attention to complexities of ‘education borrowing’ and outline considerations for setting education goals beyond 2015, the projected expiry date for Education for All goals. While policies from multilateral agencies advocate sharing best practices between developing nations to support improvements to quality education, qualitative research in Barbados and Trinidad & Tobago indicates that best practices are not shared nor implemented. At best, foreign ideas from industrialized countries are used to legitimize local policies. It appears that directives aimed at fostering ‘South-South’ cooperation do not account for cultural differences. Findings also suggest a lack of cross-national attraction as developing nations are more concerned about ‘international standards’. Policy development considerations for 2015 include a stronger emphasis on identifying locally driven approaches and goals in place of ‘South-South’ borrowing rhetoric. Abandonment of a common realm of values is not necessary; however the reduction of interventions by multilateral agencies may be a worthwhile goal for post 2015.

Banking reform in China: International standards and Chinese specifics

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-426
Author(s):  
Z. Kudrna
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
International Standards ◽  
State Control ◽  
Banking Reform ◽  
Reform Strategy ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Bank Governance ◽  
Credit Boom

This paper reviews the progress of banking reforms in China. Since 2002, the reform strategy has relied on publicly-financed bailouts, implementation of international best practices in bank governance and regulation, and listing of major banks in Hong Kong. The three largest banks have been stabilised, but we find little reason to expect this to be sustainable. Prudential indicators are comparable to international averages, but this is an outcome of bailouts and ongoing credit boom. Reforms of bank governance and regulatory frameworks that would alter banker’s incentives are implemented in a selective manner; principles that concentrate key powers in the centre are implemented vigorously, whereas those that require independent boards and regulators are ignored. Selectiveness of institutional reform means that the largest banks remain under state control and can be used as means of development policy for the better or the worse.

scholarly journals Sustainable Transportation and Policy Development: A Study for Impact Analysis of Mobility Patterns and Neighborhood Assessment of Walking Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1871
Author(s):  
Gustavo de Siqueira ◽  
Ahmad Adeel ◽  
Petrit Pasha ◽  
Amal Al Balushi ◽  
Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Residential Density ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Environmental Attributes ◽  
Pedestrian Infrastructure ◽  
Global Threat

Since rapid growth and car-oriented patterns became a global threat and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) levels are advancing, strategies to redesign the built environment into healthier spaces have gained importance. Walkability plays a central role in this context. However, the literature is dominated by studies from western industrialized countries. In this paper, we employed structural equational modeling to analyze perceptual data collected from different neighborhoods of Muscat. We compared the responses regarding environmental attributes to the frequency of walking for transport. We found that land use mix combined with low residential density are the factors that have the highest impact on pedestrian activity. Conversely, the estimates of the pedestrian infrastructure were surprisingly low, suggesting that, in car dominant societies, walking perceptions are affected by drivers’ perspectives.

scholarly journals IUCN Guidelines for gathering of fishers’ knowledge for policy development and applied use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winston Cowie ◽  
Shaikha Al Dhaheri ◽  
Ahmed Al Hashmi ◽  
Vivienne Solis-Rivera ◽  
Claudio Baigun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Traditional Fishing

Small-scale fisheries provide food security, livelihoods and income to millions of people but their management still presents a challenge to managers and other stakeholders due to problems in gathering suitable information and its incorporation in fisheries policy. Fishers are a key source of knowledge for assessment of both extractive capacity and value in small-scale fisheries, in addition to providing a broad array of cultural knowledge. The increasing recognition of the value of incorporating traditional fishing knowledge in freshwater, riverine, lacustrine and coastal and marine fisheries management is now evident in international conventions and published literature. The purpose of these guidelines is to make it easier for users to recognise and include fishers’ knowledge as an important data stream in resource management. The report includes details on the breadth of knowledge that can be gathered, how it can be gathered, and how this information can be applied to support sustainable fisheries policy and broader applications in society. With case studies from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and the Pacific.

scholarly journals DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT OF BENEFICIAL REGIMES IT INDUSTRY TAXATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
Є. М. Найдьон ◽  
В. А. Сандул
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Standards ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Problems Of Practice ◽  
Taxation System

The relevance of the article is that tax benefits play a significant role in shaping a sustainable and developed economy because the system of benefits is a kind of guide for legal entities and individuals when choosing their field of activity, forms of income, benefits reduce tax pressure on taxpayers. The task of tax benefits is not only the equality of all in the field of taxation, but also to stimulate enterprises, including enterprises that use IT technologies, a tool to improve the economic situation in Ukraine. This issue becomes especially relevant in the context of the European integration process, when our country is increasingly entering the European economic arena. Accordingly, Ukraine needs to develop an effective tax system for providing benefits and advantages to progressive industries, including IT. The purpose of the article is to identify areas for improvement of the procedure for providing tax benefits to businesses operating in the field of IT, taking into account European standards. In the article the author considers the peculiarities of the purpose of tax benefits for the IT industry. Relevant issues of tax policy development related to the support and development of the IT industry have been identified. The normative legal acts in the field of taxation of the IT industry and the main directions of its improvement in accordance with international standards are studied. The need to create a preferential tax regime for companies operating in the IT industry has been established. It is concluded that the growth of the IT industry requires a stable fiscal policy, which would provide benefits and advantages to new progressive companies, thereby helping to fill the state treasury. However, today Ukraine is only taking the first steps to improve the taxation system of the IT industry, develops and improves legislation in this area, in accordance with the problems of practice, and therefore the issue of creating an effective preferential tax regime for IT industries remains open and needs further study. taking into account the experience of European and other developed countries, the taxation models of which can serve as a basis for the Ukrainian tax system and tax regimes.

Integrating Ideas into Policy-Making Analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1054-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Bleich
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Policy Frames ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
History Of Race ◽  
Cross National

This article argues that systematically integrating ideas into policy-making analysis greatly enhances our understanding of policy outcomes. Variables emphasized by other schools of thought—such as power, interests, institutions, and problems—often provide an inadequate explanation of policy choices. To demonstrate the contribution of ideas to policy-making analysis, this article examines the impact of policy frames, showing how they help actors define their interests, generate interpretations of pressing problems, and constrain actions. Retracing the history of race policy development in Britain and France reveals that each country's frames influenced domestic policy outcomes and thus played a vital role in explaining cross-national race policy differences.

Social Media Engagement

2018 ◽  
pp. 494-514
Author(s):  
Kathy-Ann P. Fletcher ◽  
Christiana M. Emmanuel-Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Generation Y ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Consumer Decision Process ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Developed World

Generation Y is at the forefront of the rise in consumer engagement with brands due to the participatory nature of social media. Social media is largely user generated and is instrumental in the information uprising facilitated by the internet (Kamel & Hussein, 2014). The platform of social media has changed how people interact with each other and even with brands as well as how they make consumption decisions. This transformation has led to research to determine the parameters of said influence on the consumer-decision process within the developed world. This chapter reviews this research and gives directions on future research to include developing nations within Latin America and the Caribbean. Research in this area is important due to the fact that there are limited studies addressing the developing world's use of social media to inform consumption decisions even though consumers within these markets are using these platforms similarly to their developed world counterparts.

Social Media Engagement

2017 ◽  
pp. 1070-1090
Author(s):  
Kathy-Ann P. Fletcher ◽  
Christiana M. Emmanuel-Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Generation Y ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Consumer Decision Process ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Developed World

Generation Y is at the forefront of the rise in consumer engagement with brands due to the participatory nature of social media. Social media is largely user generated and is instrumental in the information uprising facilitated by the internet (Kamel & Hussein, 2014). The platform of social media has changed how people interact with each other and even with brands as well as how they make consumption decisions. This transformation has led to research to determine the parameters of said influence on the consumer-decision process within the developed world. This chapter reviews this research and gives directions on future research to include developing nations within Latin America and the Caribbean. Research in this area is important due to the fact that there are limited studies addressing the developing world's use of social media to inform consumption decisions even though consumers within these markets are using these platforms similarly to their developed world counterparts.

Transparency Issues in E-Governance and Civic Engagement

2012 ◽  
pp. 44-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherri Greenberg ◽  
Angela Newell
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Civic Engagement ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Citizen Engagement ◽  
President Obama ◽  
Political Policy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

Today, people regularly debate the meaning of the term transparency relative to government. President Obama has made transparency a prominent issue in the federal government with his directive to use online resources to promote transparency. However, transparency is important at all levels of government, particularly transitioning from e-government to e-governance. This chapter discusses the definition of transparency related to e-governance and the implementation of transparency initiatives. The mission is to set the standards for government transparency and citizen engagement with an online presence. The standards and roadmap for achieving transparency in e-governance involve politics, policy, and technology. This chapter outlines the necessary political, policy, technology, and transparency issues in e-governance. The discussion and recommendations covers issues such as political will, insufficient knowledge, and fear. Also, recommendations address best practices in policy development and implementation. The current applications and data recommendations cover technology developments.

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