scholarly journals Evaluation of influence of multilevel oxygen lance constructions on blowing efficiency of converter bath with post-combustion of waste gases

2018 ◽  
pp. 208-219
Author(s):  
L.S. Molchanov ◽  
A.G. Chernyatevich ◽  
V.V. Vakulchuk ◽  
P.O. Yushkevich ◽  
M.K. Chubin
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Converter Bath ◽  
Neutral Gas ◽  
Lower Heat ◽  
Classical Construction ◽  
Oxygen Tuyere ◽  
Converter Gas

The aim of the work is to carry out an economic assessment of the effect of various structures of multi-tiered oxygen lances and methods for flushing the converter bath with the afterburning of waste gases on the efficiency of the production of iron-carbon semi-products in a modern metallurgical plant. The study was conducted for the process of steel smelting in converters of combined blowing with supply of oxygen from above and neutral gas through the bottom in the conditions of using conventional and multi-tiered oxygen tuyeres. Studies on the afterburning of converter gas in the converter cavity showed that, in proportion to the increase in the proportion of CO2 in the exhaust gases, the costs of steel production are reduced. Compared with the use of tuyeres of classical construction, they amount to 3.23 US dollars / ton of steel for double-circuit, 6.81 US dollars / ton of steel for bunk, and 11.61 US dollars / ton of steel for three-tier. It was determined that when using the classic design of the upper oxygen tuyere, the lower heat of combustion of the converter gas is 10 MJ / m3. In comparison with the classical design, the two-tier, double-circuit and three-tier tuyeres ensure a reduction in the lower heat of combustion of the converter gas by 8,5; 4.4 and 27.1% (rel.), Respectively. On the basis of the data obtained, it is possible to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of using the technology of combined blowing of the converter bath with the afterburning of exhaust gases in the converter cavity.

Combined injection of oxygen and neutral gas in the converter bath

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Feiler ◽  
E. V. Protopopov ◽  
A. G. Chernyatevich
Keyword(s):  
Converter Bath ◽  
Neutral Gas

scholarly journals An Economic Model to Assess Profitable Scenarios of EAF-Based Steelmaking Plants under Uncertain Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7395
Author(s):  
Francesco Facchini ◽  
Giorgio Mossa ◽  
Giovanni Mummolo ◽  
Micaela Vitti
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Steel Scrap ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Economic Point

The steelmaking processes are considered extremely energy-intensive and carbon-dependent processes. In 2018, it was estimated that the emissions from global steel production represented 7–9% of direct emissions generated by fossil fuels. It was estimated that a specific emissions value of 1.8 tCO2 per ton of steel was produced due to the carbon-dependent nature of the traditional blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) route. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative solution to the BF-BOF route for steel production to counteract this negative trend, resulting in being sustainable from an environmental and economic point of view. To this concern, the objective of this work consists of developing a total cost function to assess the economic convenience of steelmaking processes considering the variability of specific market conditions (i.e., iron ore price, scraps price, energy cost, etc.). To this purpose, a direct reduction (DR) process fueled with natural gas (NG) to feed an electric arc furnace (EAF) using recycled steel scrap was considered. The approach introduced is totally new; it enables practitioners, managers, and experts to conduct a preliminary economic assessment of innovative steelmaking solutions under market uncertainty. A numerical simulation has been conducted to evaluate the profitability of the investment considering the economic and environmental costs. It emerged that the investment is profitable in any case from an economic perspective. On the contrary, considering the environmental costs, the profitability of the investment is not guaranteed under certain circumstances.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND ALGORITHM FOR CALCULATION OF THERMAL STATE OF A REGENERATOR ACCUMULATING CONVERTER GAS HEAT OF COMBUSTION AND HEATING AIR FOR A RECOVERY BOILER

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (102) ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
SERGEY V. LUKIN ◽  
DENIS V. PORODOVSKY ◽  
ANTON A. RAZINKOV ◽  
MAXIM A. BAHVALOV
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Oxygen Converter ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Converter Production ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Heated Air ◽  
Recovery Boiler ◽  
Converter Gas

The heat of combustion of the converter gas, which is periodically formed in the oxygen-converter production at the metallurgical plant, is proposed to be used for alternate heating of the checkerwork of two regenerators (such as сowpers), and their alternate cooling by a continuous flow of air heated to a high temperature, and directed to the recovery boiler to generate steam. A mathematical model is presented that allows evaluating the thermal state of the regenerator, the temperatures of the heating gases and the heated air in the modes of heating and cooling the regenerator checkerwork. An algorithm for numerical calculation of the temperature fields of the regenerator checkerwork, gases and air is presented.

Determination of the position of the oxygen tuyere relative to the level of the converter bath

Metallurgist ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 248-248
Author(s):  
V. S. Kocho ◽  
N. G. Braginets ◽  
A. E. Prikhozhenko ◽  
L. M. Pokushalov ◽  
E. F. Nemchenko
Keyword(s):  
Converter Bath ◽  
Oxygen Tuyere

scholarly journals Physical and chemical processes in the cavity of the oxygen converter when burning the bath with the afterburning of exhaust gases

2019 ◽  
pp. 116-128
Author(s):  
A.G. Chernyatevich ◽  
L.S. Molchanov ◽  
V.V. Vakulchuk ◽  
B.Y. Yushkevich
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Oxygen Converter ◽  
Slag Formation ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
High Carbon Content ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Converter Bath ◽  
Temperature Modeling

The aim of the study is to study the characteristics of physicochemical processes in the cavity of an oxygen converter when purging a bath through two-tier tuyeres of various designs. The analysis showed that the classical designs of oxygen tuyeres equipped with tips with Laval nozzles do not always satisfy the requirements of the technology. The article presents the results of laboratory high-temperature modeling of the process of purging the converter bath through two-tier tuyeres equipped with tips of various designs. The studies were carried out on a multipurpose installation mounted on the basis of a 150-kg induction furnace and a 60-kg converter manufactured at a scale of 1:18 relative to 160 tons of an industrial unit. It is shown that the use of a two-tier lance provides additional advantages for the smelting process. So, in the initial and main periods of purging the converter bath through a two-tier lance with a double-row tip, it was possible to accelerate the process of slag formation without the addition of fluorspar, to intensify the removal of phosphorus at a high carbon content. Upon completion of the initial purge period at a low metal temperature of 1300-1330 ° C and the corresponding basicity of liquid slag, the degree of dephosphorization of 73.3-79.1% is achieved. When used for blowing two-tier tuyeres with double-row tips, the efficiency of afterburning of CO exhaust gases to CO2 also increases at the same decarburization rate of the bath. Based on the data of high-temperature modeling, the rational design of the two-tier lance has been determined, which ensures: balance of the heat balance; yield increase; creating conditions for the removal of phosphorus at a high carbon content; exclusion of negative effects on the lining.

Ecological and economical measures for LD-steel production at the Linz Works. Dust recycling and converter gas recovery

1993 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-478
Author(s):  
K. Primas ◽  
K. Antlinger ◽  
J. Heiss ◽  
B. Fritz ◽  
G. Poteri
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
Converter Gas

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Assessment of Waste Heat Recovery Technologies for the Food Processing Industry

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6446
Author(s):  
Sanjay Mukherjee ◽  
Abhishek Asthana ◽  
Martin Howarth ◽  
Jahedul Islam Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Food Manufacturing ◽  
Exhaust Gases

The food manufacturing sector is one of the most dominant consumers of energy across the globe. Food processing methods such as drying, baking, frying, malting, roasting, etc. rely heavily on the heat released from burning fossil fuels, mainly natural gas or propane. Less than half of this heat contributes to the actual processing of the product and the remaining is released to the surroundings as waste heat, primarily through exhaust gases at 150 to 250 °C. Recovering this waste heat can deliver significant fuel, cost and CO2 savings. However, selecting an appropriate sink for this waste heat is challenging due to the relatively low source temperature. This study investigates a novel application of gas-to-air low temperature waste heat recovery technology for a confectionary manufacturing process, through a range of experiments. The recovered heat is used to preheat a baking oven’s combustion air at inlet before it enters the fuel-air mixture. The investigated technology is compared with other waste heat recovery schemes involving Regenerative Organic Rankine Cycles (RORC), Vapour Absorption Refrigeration (VAR) and hot water production. The findings indicate that utilising an oven’s exhaust gases to preheat combustion air can deliver up to 33% fuel savings, provided a sufficiently large heat sink in the form of oven combustion air is available. Due to a lower investment cost, the technology also offers a payback period of only 1.57 years, which makes it financially attractive when compared to others. The studied waste heat recovery technologies can deliver a CO2 savings of 28–356 tonnes per year from a single manufacturing site. The modelling and comparison methodology, observations and outcomes of this study can be extended to a variety of low temperature food manufacturing processes.

scholarly journals Development of energy efficient technology of combined blowing of converter bath by oxygen and neutral gases

2018 ◽  
pp. 182-207
Author(s):  
A.G. Chernyatevich ◽  
L.S. Molchanov ◽  
P.O. Yushkevich ◽  
V.V. Vakulchuk
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Converter Bath ◽  
Neutral Gas ◽  
Temperature Modeling ◽  
Saving Effect

The aim of the work is the development of a new technology of combined purging of the converter bath with oxygen and neutral gas, which allows to achieve a significant resource and energy saving effect. The proposed technological scheme of combined purging is based on the use of a new design of a three-tiered tuyere and a system for supplying two regulated oxygen flows to it. It is possible to completely replace oxygen with nitrogen at certain periods of melting, which allows us to significantly expand the technological capabilities of the combined purge of the converter bath. The design of a three-tiered tuyere, which eliminates the disadvantages of two-tier blowing devices, was carried out using high-temperature modeling. Processing of the materials obtained in the course of the conducted melts allowed us to obtain new information about the features of the physicochemical processes developing during the flushing of the converter bath with the afterburning of the exhaust gases. The features of the effect of oxygen jets on the removal of carbon, manganese, silicon and phosphorus from the melt are established. Based on the data of high-temperature modeling of the purge of the converter bath, the established methodology for calculating the main design parameters and experience in developing industrial structures of multi-tiered tuyeres, a three-tiered tuyere of the new design and a combined bath of oxygen and neutral gas for the 160-ton converters have been developed and proposed for industrial development . The practical implementation of the presented solutions will provide an increase in the technological and technical-economic indicators of smelting in comparison with the use of well-known developments in this field.

Drying and heating of scrap metal at steelmaking: industrial safety, economics, ecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 1353-1258
Author(s):  
V. A. Spirin ◽  
V. E. Nikol’skii ◽  
D. V. Vokhmintsev ◽  
A. A. Moiseev ◽  
P. G. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Scrap Metal ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Metal Charge ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Scrap Heating ◽  
Winter Time

At steel production based on scrap metal utilization, the scrap heating before charging into a melting facility is an important way of energy efficiency increase and ecological parameters improving. In winter time scrap metal charging with ice inclusions into a metal melt can result in a considerable damage of equipment and even accidents. Therefore, scrap preliminary drying is necessary to provide industrial safety. It was shown, that in countries with warm and low-snow climate with no risk of scrap metal icing up during its transportation and storing in the open air, the basic task being solved at the scrap drying is an increase of energy efficiency of steelmaking. InRussiathe scrap metal drying first of all provides the safety of the process and next - energy saving. Existing technologies of scrap metal drying and heating considered, as well as advantages and drawbacks of technical solutions used at Russian steel plants. In winter time during scrap metal heating at conveyers (Consteel process) hot gases penetrate not effectively into its mass, the heat is not enough for evaporation of wetness in the metal charge. At scrap heating by the furnace gases, a problem of dioxines emissions elimination arises. Application of shaft heaters results in high efficiency of scrap heating. However, under conditions of Russian winter the upper scrap layers are not always heated higher 0 °С and after getting into a furnace bath the upper scrap layers cause periodical vapor explosions. The shaft heaters create optimal conditions for dioxines formation, which emit into atmosphere. It was shown, that accounting Russian economic and nature conditions, the metal charge drying and heating in modified charging buckets by the heat of burnt natural gas or other additional fuel is optimal. The proposed technical solution enables to burnt off organic impurities ecologically safely, to melt down ice, to evaporate the wetness in the scrap as well as to heat the charge as enough as the charging logistics enables it. The method was implemented at several Russian steel plants. Technical and economical indices of scrap metal drying in buckets under conditions of EAF-based shop, containing two furnaces ДСП-100, presented.

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