scholarly journals RELAY DEPLOYMENT ALGORITHMS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: A SURVEY

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Lanny Sitanayah
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Alternate Routes ◽  
Relay Deployment

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are subject to failures. Even though reliable routing protocols for WSNs exist and are well-understood, the physical network topology must ensure that alternate routes with an acceptable length to the sinksare in fact available when failures occur. This requires a sensor network deployment to be planned with an objective of ensuring some measure of robustness in the topology, so that when failures do occur the protocols can continue to offer reliable delivery. To ensure that sensor nodes have sufficient paths, it may be necessary to add a number of additional relay nodes, which do not sense, but only forward data from other nodes. In this paper, we review a range of existing algorithms to deploy relay nodes for fault tolerance. We classify the state-of-the-art relay placement algorithms based on routing structures, connectivity requirements, deployment locations, and fault-tolerant requirements.

Performance Analysis of TBC-ACO Routing Protocol with Existing Routing Protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
A. Radhika ◽  
D. Haritha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Congestion Aware

Wireless Sensor Networks, have witnessed significant amount of improvement in research across various areas like Routing, Security, Localization, Deployment and above all Energy Efficiency. Congestion is a problem of  importance in resource constrained Wireless Sensor Networks, especially for large networks, where the traffic loads exceed the available capacity of the resources . Sensor nodes are prone to failure and the misbehaviour of these faulty nodes creates further congestion. The resulting effect is a degradation in network performance, additional computation and increased energy consumption, which in turn decreases network lifetime. Hence, the data packet routing algorithm should consider congestion as one of the parameters, in addition to the role of the faulty nodes and not merely energy efficient protocols .Nowadays, the main central point of attraction is the concept of Swarm Intelligence based techniques integration in WSN.  Swarm Intelligence based Computational Swarm Intelligence Techniques have improvised WSN in terms of efficiency, Performance, robustness and scalability. The main objective of this research paper is to propose congestion aware , energy efficient, routing approach that utilizes Ant Colony Optimization, in which faulty nodes are isolated by means of the concept of trust further we compare the performance of various existing routing protocols like AODV, DSDV and DSR routing protocols, ACO Based Routing Protocol  with Trust Based Congestion aware ACO Based Routing in terms of End to End Delay, Packet Delivery Rate, Routing Overhead, Throughput and Energy Efficiency. Simulation based results and data analysis shows that overall TBC-ACO is 150% more efficient in terms of overall performance as compared to other existing routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks.

scholarly journals A Survey of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.12) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Navneet Kaur ◽  
Dr. Sahil Verma ◽  
Dr. Kavita
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Successful Transmission ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Dissipation Of Energy

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) comprise sensor nodes which find applications in a wide variety of fields such as medical, wildlife, security, environment, industry. A network communication is initialized and accomplished with the aid of routing protocols. A routing protocol is a set of rules which govern the routing phenomenon. WSNs protocols for the purpose of routing have been the ubiquitous option of the researchers in the recent years due to their exorbitant scope of improvement. The objective of a routing protocol is to inquest for a relevant route amidst sender and receiver to accomplish successful transmission at the destination .Dissipation of energy and lengthening the duration of the network have always been one of the major points of research gaps. As the nodes in WSNs in are battery operated, so they can only use restricted energy to proceed with the communication and transmission operation. To cope up with this, a number of researchers have come up with developments in the field of energy efficacy and optimizations in WSNs routing protocols. A reify summarization of some protocols for routing purposes has been manifested in this paper.

scholarly journals A Combined Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Qi ◽  
Xiaoke Liu ◽  
Lifang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Vehicle Tracking ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Anchor Nodes ◽  
Positioning Algorithm

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are widely used in various fields to monitor and track various targets by gathering information, such as vehicle tracking and environment and health monitoring. The information gathered by the sensor nodes becomes meaningful only if it is known where it was collected from. Considering that multilateral algorithm and MDS algorithm can locate the position of each node, we proposed a localization algorithm combining the merits of these two approaches, which is called MA-MDS, to reduce the accumulation of errors in the process of multilateral positioning algorithm and improve the nodes’ positioning accuracy in WSNs. It works in more robust fashion for noise sparse networks, even with less number of anchor nodes. In the MDS positioning phase of this algorithm, the Prussian Analysis algorithm is used to obtain more accurate coordinate transformation. Through extensive simulations and the repeatable experiments under diverse representative networks, it can be confirmed that the proposed algorithm is more accurate and more efficient than the state-of-the-art algorithms.

A Heuristic Optimized Algorithm for Energy Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks

2010 ◽  
Vol 34-35 ◽  
pp. 1019-1023
Author(s):  
Zhao Feng Yang ◽  
Ai Wan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Optimal Algorithm ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Adaptive Clustering ◽  
Battery Capacity

Wireless sensor networks consist of hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes that involve numerous restrictions including computation capability and battery capacity. In this paper we propose an optimal algorithm with genetic algorithm taken into consideration, and compare it with three well known and widely used approaches, i.e., LEACH and LEACH-C, in performance evaluation. Experimental results show that the proposed approach increases the overall network lifetime, and data delivery at the base station than the other routing protocols. Key words: Wireless sensor networks, base station, heuristic optimized genetic algorithm, low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy

scholarly journals Hierarchical Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks and its Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4024-4027
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Route Of Transmission

Wireless sensor network consists of various sensor nodes connected through wireless media. Sensor nodes are tiny devices having lesser energy capabilities. Sensor nodes are either ad-hoc or mobile in their environment. Wireless sensor network route of transmission media is discovered by routing protocols and responsible for secure communication between sensor nodes. Energy is a precious resource of sensor nodes, and the entire lifetime of WSNs is depending on the energy capability of the sensor nodes. The fundamental problem is how to organize topology of WSN for deployed sensor nodes with lesser power consumption as possible. Major problems in wireless sensor networks which consume extra energy are interference, control message overhead, packet delay, unnecessary transmission, and bandwidth utilization. Therefore, energy efficient techniques are needed to overcome these problems. Hierarchical routing is the best routing method for finding optimal path between sensor nodes which enhance the lifetime of the network. This paper focuses towards various hierarchical energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks and analyzes various features of WSN that should consider during designing of routing protocols.

scholarly journals Optimizing Energy Consumption in IoT-Based Scalable Wireless Sensor Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Vinay Rishiwal ◽  
Preeti Yadav ◽  
Omkar Singh ◽  
B. G. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Selection For

In recent era of IoT, energy ingesting by sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is one of the key challenges. It is decisive to diminish energy ingesting due to restricted battery lifespan of sensor nodes, Objective of this research is to develop efficient routing protocol/algorithm in IoT based scenario to enhance network performance with QoS parameters. Therefore, keeping this objective in mind, a QoS based Optimized Energy Clustering Routing (QOECR) protocol for IoT based WSN is proposed and evaluated. QOECR discovers optimal path for sink node and provides better selection for sub-sink nodes. Simulation has been done in MATLAB to assess the performance of QOECR with pre-existing routing protocols. Simulation outcomes represent that QOECR reduces E2E delay 30%-35%, enhances throughput 25%-30%, minimizes energy consumption 35%-40%, minimizes packet loss 28%-32%, improves PDR and prolongs network lifetime 32%-38% than CBCCP, HCSM and ZEAL routing protocols.

scholarly journals THE DEPENDENCE BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF ROUNDS AND IMPLEMENTED NODES IN LEACH ROUTING PROTOCOL-BASED SENSOR NETWORKS

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Mosorov ◽  
Sebastian Biedroń ◽  
Taras Panskyi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Total Freedom ◽  
Effective Use

In the 21st century wireless sensor networks have gained much popularity due to their flexibility. This progress has enabled the use of sensor nodes on an unprecedented scale and opened new opportunities for the so-called ubiquitous computerization. The total freedom of nodes distribution within the wireless network, where the wireless characteristic is one of the greatest advantages of the use of wireless sensor networks, implies its greatest weakness, i.e. the limitation of mobile power sources. To overcome this challenge specialized routing protocols, such as LEACH, were ushered in for making the effective use of the energy of the nodes themselves. The purpose of this article is to show how the life of a sensor network depends on the number of nodes equipped with a mobile limited power source.

Hybrid Intelligence Based Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip Kumar ◽  
Tarunpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Computational Intelligence ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Hybrid Intelligence

Over the decades, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have reached its greatest heights and started to emerge into various applications, ranging from health care to multimedia transmission. In these application domains, smart autonomous low power tiny devices known as sensor nodes form a wireless network to transmit their sensed data to the base station (BS) via multi-hop routing or directly. Implementation of routing techniques in WSNs is significantly challenging due to the resourceconstrained nature of the sensor nodes. Therefore, WSN researchers have turned to different Computational intelligence (CI) techniques in an attempt to design efficient routing protocols in WSN. However, the conventional routing protocols based on computational intelligence techniques have some drawbacks viz., slow convergence rate, large memory constraints, highly sensitive to initial value, large communication overheads, and high learning period. These issues have received considerable research attention at the network layer, which leads to the development of hybrid intelligence techniques to address the routing problems. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic survey on hybrid intelligence techniques based routing protocols in WSNs. Moreover, a comparative analysis of reviewed protocols with their strengths and limitations is also included in the survey.

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