scholarly journals PROPOSTA DE APLICAÇÃO DE RESULTADOS DE SONDAGENS COM MARTELO LEVE (DPL) NO CAMPO EXPERIMENTAL DA UNIFOR EM PROJETOS DE FUNDAÇÕES PARA PEQUENAS CARGAS [ Proposal for the Application of Dynamic Probing Light (DPL) Results in the Experimental Field of UNIFOR in Foundations Projects for Small Loads ]

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Fábio Porto de Aguiar ◽  
Fernando Feitosa Monteiro ◽  
Francisco Heber Lacerda de Oliveira ◽  
Yago Machado Pereira de Matos
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Deep Foundations ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Experimental Field

RESUMO: Em meio aos diversos métodos utilizados no Brasil para determinação da capacidade de carga de fundações, a grande maioria parte do índice de resistência à penetração (NSPT). Para o caso de pequenas edificações, devido a fatores geralmente econômicos, a experiência ou a prática regional costumam prevalecer. Sendo assim, são elaborados, muitas vezes, projetos sem um procedimento de cálculo fundamentado em parâmetros comprovados por ensaios geotécnicos, podendo ocasionar problemas na edificação, como recalques excessivos, ou, até mesmo, comprometer a segurança da estrutura. Dessa forma, técnicas mais simples e de baixo custo, como o DPL (Dynamic Probing Light), podem ser uma opção para situações de pequenas cargas, viabilizando projetos fundamentados em ensaios in situ. Partindo de investigações com o DPL, este trabalho tem o objetivo de dimensionar fundações superficiais e profundas para edificações de pequeno porte através de algumas das principais metodologias disponíveis na literatura e verificar a sua eficiência. Por meio de resultados de campanhas de sondagens SPT (Standard Penetration Test) e DPL no campo experimental da Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), determinou-se a capacidade de carga de fundações superficiais e profundas fazendo aplicação dos índices NSPT e NSPT equivalente obtido pela correlação com o DPL. Identificou-se que essa correlação apresentou coeficiente de determinação satisfatório entre os parâmetros obtidos nos ensaios SPT e DPL para o terreno em questão, mostrando-se o DPL ser uma alternativa pertinente, em termos técnicos para projetos de fundações de obras de pequeno porte.ABSTRACT: Among the various methods used in Brazil of the determination of the bearing capacity on foundations, most part uses the standard penetration resistance (NSPT). For small constructions, due to economic factors generally, experience or regional practice usually prevails. Thus, projects without a reasoned calculation procedure in parameters supported by geotechnical tests are often designed, and may cause problems in the building, as excessive settlements, or even compromise the safety of the structure. In this way, simple and low cost techniques such as DPL (Dynamic Probing Light) may be an option for small loads situations, enabling projects based on in situ tests. This paper proposes to calculate the dimensions of shallow and deep foundations for small constructions and check its efficiency using DPL tests. Through the results of SPT (Standard Penetration Test) and DPL tests in the experimental field of the University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), the determination of the bearing capacity in shallow and deep foundations was done using NSPT index and equivalent NSPT index obtained by the correlation with DPL. A correlation with satisfactory coefficient of determination was obtained between SPT and DPL tests parameters for the analyzed field, showing up the DPL as an appropriate alternative in technical terms for foundation design of small constructions.

Assessment of the range of variation of Nγ from 60 estimation methods for footings on sand

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 793-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Giovanny Diaz-Segura
Keyword(s):  
Friction Angle ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Vertical Loading ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Bearing Capacity Factor ◽  
Range Of Variation

The range of variation of the bearing capacity factor, Nγ, was assessed using 60 estimation methods for rough footings on sand subjected to static vertical loading. The influence on the Nγ values of the use of correlations for the estimation of the friction angle, [Formula: see text], derived from in situ tests was also assessed. The analysis shows a marked dependency on the methods used to determine Nγ, showing differences for the same [Formula: see text] values of up to 267% between estimated values. Uncertainty in the estimation of [Formula: see text], due to the use of correlations with in situ tests, leads to a range of variation for Nγ higher than that seen using the 60 estimation methods. Finally, given the regular use of the in situ standard penetration test (SPT) on sands, and based on a series of analyses using finite elements, a simplified method in terms of the SPT N-values is proposed for estimation of Nγ in footings on sands.

scholarly journals Neural networks and principle component analysis approaches to predict pile capacity in sand

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 02025 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Benali ◽  
A Nechnech ◽  
B Boukhatem ◽  
M N Hussein ◽  
M Karry
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Driven Piles ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Pile Capacity ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
Main Component

Determination of pile bearing capacity from the in-situ tests has developed considerably due to the significant development of their technology. The project presented in this paper is a combination of two approaches, artificial neural networks and main component analyses that allow the development of a neural network model that provides a more accurate prediction of axial load bearing capacity based on the SPT test data. The retropropagation multi-layer perceptron with Bayesian regularization (RB) was used in this model. This was established by the incorporation of about 260 data, obtained from the published literature, of experimental programs for large displacement driven piles. The PCA method is proposed for compression and suppression of the correlation between these data. This will improve the performance of generalization of the model.

scholarly journals Predicting the bearing capacity of pile installed into cohesive soil concerning the spatial variability of SPT data (A case study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-64
Author(s):  
Duong Hong Tham ◽  
Truong Nhu Manh
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Static Load ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cohesive Soil ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Static Load Test ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Spt Data

Nowadays, in situ tests have played a viable role in geotechnical engineering and construction technology. Besides lab tests conducted on undisturbed soil samples, many different kinds of in-situ tests were used and proved to be more efficient in foundation design such as pressuremeter PMT, cone penetration test CPT, standard SPT, etc. Among them, a standard penetration test (SPT for short) is easy to carry out at the site. For decades, it has proved reliable to sandy soil, but many viewpoints and opinions argued that the test was not appropriately applicable to cohesive soil because of scattered and dispersed data of SPT blow counts through different layers. This paper firstly studies how reliable the SPT data can predict the physical and mechanical properties; secondly, the soil strength is determined in terms of corrected N-SPT values, and finally the bearing capacity of a pile penetrating cohesion soil. By analyzing data from 40 boreholes located in 18 projects in Ho Chi Minh City, South VietNam, coefficients of determination between SPT numbers and physical and mechanical properties of different soil kinds are not the same: R2 = 0.623 for sand, =0.363 for sandy clay and =0.189 for clay. The spatial variability of soil properties is taken into account by calculating the scale of fluctuation θ=4.65m beside the statistically-based data in horizontal directions. Finally, the results from two theoretical approaches of predicting pile bearing capacity were compared to those of finite element program Plaxis 3D and static load test at site. Correlation between the capacity computed by using corrected N-values instead of soil strength and results of static load test has proved to be well suitable in evaluating the bearing capacity of driven and jack-in piles, particularly installing in the cohesive soil using the SPT blows.

Becker and standard penetration tests (BPT–SPT) correlations with consideration of casing friction

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Sy ◽  
R.G. (Dick) Campanella
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Stress Wave ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Stress Wave Propagation ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Foundation Design

The Becker penetration test (BPT), through correlations with the standard penetration test (SPT), is widely used for foundation design and liquefaction assessment in gravelly soils. Most of the existing correlations, however, do not adequately account for the variable energy output of the diesel hammer used in the Becker system, and shaft friction on the Becker casing is ignored. An alternative and more rational approach to BPT–SPT correlations is presented, based on experimental and numerical studies conducted at the University of British Columbia. The research involves performing SPT, BPT, and other in situ tests at several sites in British Columbia and includes dynamic measurements of energy transfer in the SPT and BPT. Stress-wave measurements and wave-equation analyses are used to evaluate the effect of friction on the BPT blow count. New BPT–SPT correlations are proposed that consider the energy transfer in both tests and explicitly consider casing friction in the BPT. A recommended procedure for estimating equivalent SPT N60 from BPT blow count is presented. Key words : Becker penetration test, standard penetration test, dynamic measurement, pile driving, stress-wave propagation.

In Situ Investigation of Liquefiable Gravels

2000 ◽  
Vol 1714 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Koester ◽  
Chris Daniel ◽  
Michael L. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Liquefaction Resistance ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Penetration Tests

A series of dynamic in situ penetration tests was performed in deep alluvial gravel deposits at Seward, Alaska, that were shaken and apparently liquefied by the March 27, 1964, Alaska earthquake. Both a U.S. standard penetration test split spoon and a larger-diameter drive sampler were used, and dynamic cone penetrometers of two sizes were also driven into the gravels near the mouth of the Resurrection River that had exhibited settlement and lateral spreading as a result of earthquake shaking. Two safety hammers were used [nominally 623 N (140 lb) and 1334 N (300 lb)], and the energy delivered with various hammer and penetrometer combinations was measured throughout all tests. Limited measurements of hammer velocity were also made by a radar system developed for that purpose to allow for kinetic energy determination. Soils recovered in the split spoon samplers were sent to the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Soils Research Facility in Vicksburg, Mississippi, where they were evaluated for classification (gradation and index properties). The sampling and testing procedures used at the Seward site, as well as preliminary analysis of the various penetration test results, are summarized. Comparisons are made with penetration resistance measurements made by the Alaska Highway Department immediately after the 1964 earthquake. Results of this investigation will be adapted to guide future practice for in situ determination of liquefaction resistance in coarse alluvial soils.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KAPASITAS DAYA DUKUNG PADA RAGAM PONDASI BETON BULAT MENGGUNAKAN STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT)

Pondasi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Undayani Cita Sari ◽  
Moh. Nur Sholeh ◽  
M. Mirza Abdilah Pratama ◽  
Ivan James Aritonang ◽  
Febi Danu Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Deep Foundations ◽  
Penetration Test

ABSTRACT One of the field investigations to determine the characteristics of the soil is Standard Penetration Test (SPT). In the SPT test, soil samples can also be obtained, then it can be used to determine the physical and mechanical properties of a soil. Meanwhile, the value of SPT (N-SPT) can be used to determine the bearing capacity of deep foundations. Deep foundations are usually used in high-rise buildings that have large loads with hard soil conditions that are relatively deep. This study analyzes the bearing capacity of spherical concrete pile with various diameters of 70 mm, 80 mm, 90 mm, and 100 mm. In this study, the pile depth was determined at 20 meters. The analysis was carried out using empirical methods and Allpile programming. The location of this study was in the northern part of Semarang. The results show that the diameter has an effect on increasing the bearing capacity. Mapping of the results of the bearing capacity was also presented using GIS. Based on the map, it is found that the lowest bearing capacity is located in the northern part (location of Tanjung Mas Semarang) with soft soil classification. Meanwhile, the highest carrying capacity is shown in Central Semarang with medium soil classification.Keywords: spherical pile, bearing capacity, N-SPT, empirical method, Allpile, GIS mapping  ABSTRAK Salah satu investigasi dilapangan untuk mengetahui karakteristik tanah adalah menggunakan Standard Penetration Test (SPT). Pada pengujian SPT juga dapat diperoleh sampel tanah yang selanjutnya dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui propertis fisik dan mekanis dari suatu tanah. Sementara itu, nilai SPT (N-SPT) dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui kapasitas daya dukung pondasi dalam. Pondasi dalam ini biasanya digunakan pada bangunan bertingkat yang memiliki beban besar dengan kondisi tanah keras yang relatif cukup dalam. Pada studi ini menganalisis hasil kapasitas daya dukung pondasi bulat beton dengan berbagai variasi diameter dari 70 mm, 80 mm, 90 mm, dan 100 mm. Pada studi ini, kedalaman pondasi ditentukan pada 20 meter. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan metode empirik dan pemrograman Allpile. Lokasi tinjauan studi ini adalah pada wilayah Semarang bagian Utara. Hasil menunjukkan diameter pondasi berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kapasitas daya dukungnya. Pemetaan hasil dari kapasitas daya dukung juga ditampilkan dengan menggunakan GIS. Berdasarkan pemetaan yang dibuat, diperoleh bahwa kapasitas daya dukung terendah terletak di bagian utara (lokasi Tanjung Mas Semarang) dengan klasifikasi tanah lunak. Sedangkan, kapasitas daya dukung tertinggi ditunjukkan adalah di Semarang Tengah dengan klasifikasi tanah sedang. Kata kunci: pondasi bulat, kapasitas daya dukung, N-SPT, metode empirik, Allpile, pemetaan GIS 

scholarly journals Determination of Silty Soil Bearing Capacity in Binzhou China

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 877-880
Author(s):  
Zhang Yunfeng ◽  
Zeng Yifan ◽  
Liu Lanyu ◽  
Wang Shi ◽  
Zhang Youlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Silty Soil ◽  
Test Soil ◽  
Engineering Practices ◽  
Engineering Investigation

The characteristical values of bearing capacity of silty soil are determined on different basis in Binzhou area, which causes a great difference in actual work. Based on engineering practices, most original data are counted and calculated for standard penetration test, soil test and double bridge CPT (cone penetration test). The result shows that the bearing capacity is more accurate as concluded by in-situ test data, and also can provide a more helpful method for foundation design, which will play an active role in undertaking the specific engineering investigation work and maintaing the summary of regional emperical values.

scholarly journals Determination of Soil Bearing Capacity from Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave Test, Standard Penetration Test and Mackintosh Probe Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 340-346
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Surface Wave ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Ultimate Bearing Capacity ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Probe Test

Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave (SASW) method is one of soil investigation methods which promotes cost-effective and less time-consuming procedures, apart form of its non-destructive nature. This study aims to determine the soil ultimate bearing capacity obtained from the SASW method by using Ali Keceli’s equation for sandy silt soil. The finding in terms of bearing capacity is then compared to the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Mackintosh Probe (MP) results. All the tests were conducted at seven different locations. It is found that there is no 1:1 relationship between the bearing capacity obtained from SPT and SASW although the pattern of the trendline is similar. However, the pattern of the trendline captured is not as similar as SPT for MP and SASW. The coefficient of determination (R2 ) between SPT and SASW varies from 0.74 to 0.95 and the R2 between the MP and SASW varies from 0.43 to 0.77. The overall R 2 found for SPT and SASW is 0.87 and 0.74 for MP and SASW in all locations. For the comparison with SPT and MP, SASW is well-correlated with SPT and moderately with MP. From this study, it can be concluded that SASW has the potential to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of soil as an alternative to SPT and MP tests.

Evaluation and use of clustering algorithms for standard penetration test data classification

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Burak Göktepe ◽  
Selim Altun ◽  
Alper Sezer
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
N Value ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Liquidity Index ◽  
Spt N Value

AbstractThe standard penetration test (SPT) is the most common test conducted in the field, and it is used to determine in situ properties of different soils. Although it is a matter of debate, these tests are also used for the determination of the consistency of fine-grained soils, whereby the test results can also be utilized to establish numerous empirical correlations to predict the strength of soils in the field. In this study, unsupervised clustering algorithms were employed to classify the SPT standard penetration resistance value (SPT-N) in the field. In this scope, shear strength and liquidity index parameters were used to classify the SPT-N values by taking the classification system of Terzaghi and Peck (1967) into consideration. The results showed that the input parameters were successful for classifying the SPT-N value to an acceptable degree of strength attribute. Therefore, in cases where the SPT tests are unreliable or could not be performed, laboratory tests on undisturbed specimens can give valuable information regarding the consistency and SPT-N value of the soil specimen under investigation. Data in this study is based on several tests that were conducted in a region; nevertheless, it is advised that the results of this study should be evaluated using global data.

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