scholarly journals Determination of Soil Bearing Capacity from Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave Test, Standard Penetration Test and Mackintosh Probe Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 340-346
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Surface Wave ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Ultimate Bearing Capacity ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Probe Test

Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave (SASW) method is one of soil investigation methods which promotes cost-effective and less time-consuming procedures, apart form of its non-destructive nature. This study aims to determine the soil ultimate bearing capacity obtained from the SASW method by using Ali Keceli’s equation for sandy silt soil. The finding in terms of bearing capacity is then compared to the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Mackintosh Probe (MP) results. All the tests were conducted at seven different locations. It is found that there is no 1:1 relationship between the bearing capacity obtained from SPT and SASW although the pattern of the trendline is similar. However, the pattern of the trendline captured is not as similar as SPT for MP and SASW. The coefficient of determination (R2 ) between SPT and SASW varies from 0.74 to 0.95 and the R2 between the MP and SASW varies from 0.43 to 0.77. The overall R 2 found for SPT and SASW is 0.87 and 0.74 for MP and SASW in all locations. For the comparison with SPT and MP, SASW is well-correlated with SPT and moderately with MP. From this study, it can be concluded that SASW has the potential to determine the ultimate bearing capacity of soil as an alternative to SPT and MP tests.

scholarly journals An Attempt of Screw Driving Sounding Test in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Aminaton Marto ◽  
Go Sakai ◽  
Naoaki Suemasa ◽  
Nadiah Jamaludin
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Probe Test ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Screw Driving

Conventional soil investigation methods such as Mackintosh Probe Test (MPT) have limitations, e.g., require manual work for the equipment and data accuracy is low due to human error. While Standard Penetration test (SPT) needs high skilled workers and the cost per testing is expensive. Hence, Screw Driving Sounding test (SDS) was developed in Japan as a solution to the aforementioned disadvantages. An attempt was done to implement this test in Malaysia at different types of soils. This paper presents the results obtained from Batu Pahat and Cheras sites. Data from SDS tests were compared with the existing data of SPT and MPT available from Batu Pahat and Cheras sites, respectively. Results of the coefficient of determination, R2 = 0.721 for Batu Pahat Site and 0.851 for Cheras Site illustrate that the SPT and MPT results are highly correlated with SDS test results. From this preliminary findings, it shows that SDS test has the potential for soil characterizations in soil investigation work in Malaysia.

scholarly journals PROPOSTA DE APLICAÇÃO DE RESULTADOS DE SONDAGENS COM MARTELO LEVE (DPL) NO CAMPO EXPERIMENTAL DA UNIFOR EM PROJETOS DE FUNDAÇÕES PARA PEQUENAS CARGAS [ Proposal for the Application of Dynamic Probing Light (DPL) Results in the Experimental Field of UNIFOR in Foundations Projects for Small Loads ]

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Fábio Porto de Aguiar ◽  
Fernando Feitosa Monteiro ◽  
Francisco Heber Lacerda de Oliveira ◽  
Yago Machado Pereira de Matos
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Deep Foundations ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Experimental Field

RESUMO: Em meio aos diversos métodos utilizados no Brasil para determinação da capacidade de carga de fundações, a grande maioria parte do índice de resistência à penetração (NSPT). Para o caso de pequenas edificações, devido a fatores geralmente econômicos, a experiência ou a prática regional costumam prevalecer. Sendo assim, são elaborados, muitas vezes, projetos sem um procedimento de cálculo fundamentado em parâmetros comprovados por ensaios geotécnicos, podendo ocasionar problemas na edificação, como recalques excessivos, ou, até mesmo, comprometer a segurança da estrutura. Dessa forma, técnicas mais simples e de baixo custo, como o DPL (Dynamic Probing Light), podem ser uma opção para situações de pequenas cargas, viabilizando projetos fundamentados em ensaios in situ. Partindo de investigações com o DPL, este trabalho tem o objetivo de dimensionar fundações superficiais e profundas para edificações de pequeno porte através de algumas das principais metodologias disponíveis na literatura e verificar a sua eficiência. Por meio de resultados de campanhas de sondagens SPT (Standard Penetration Test) e DPL no campo experimental da Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), determinou-se a capacidade de carga de fundações superficiais e profundas fazendo aplicação dos índices NSPT e NSPT equivalente obtido pela correlação com o DPL. Identificou-se que essa correlação apresentou coeficiente de determinação satisfatório entre os parâmetros obtidos nos ensaios SPT e DPL para o terreno em questão, mostrando-se o DPL ser uma alternativa pertinente, em termos técnicos para projetos de fundações de obras de pequeno porte.ABSTRACT: Among the various methods used in Brazil of the determination of the bearing capacity on foundations, most part uses the standard penetration resistance (NSPT). For small constructions, due to economic factors generally, experience or regional practice usually prevails. Thus, projects without a reasoned calculation procedure in parameters supported by geotechnical tests are often designed, and may cause problems in the building, as excessive settlements, or even compromise the safety of the structure. In this way, simple and low cost techniques such as DPL (Dynamic Probing Light) may be an option for small loads situations, enabling projects based on in situ tests. This paper proposes to calculate the dimensions of shallow and deep foundations for small constructions and check its efficiency using DPL tests. Through the results of SPT (Standard Penetration Test) and DPL tests in the experimental field of the University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), the determination of the bearing capacity in shallow and deep foundations was done using NSPT index and equivalent NSPT index obtained by the correlation with DPL. A correlation with satisfactory coefficient of determination was obtained between SPT and DPL tests parameters for the analyzed field, showing up the DPL as an appropriate alternative in technical terms for foundation design of small constructions.

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN RESULTS OF SEISMIC REFRACTION AND STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT) TO STUDY SHALLOW GEOLOGICAL SUBSURFACE IN AN URBAN AREA OF BRASÍLIA, BRAZIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Pedro Vencovsky Nogueira ◽  
Marcelo Peres Rocha ◽  
Welitom Rodrigues Borges ◽  
Eduardo Xavier Seimetz ◽  
Márcio Maciel Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Shallow Seismic ◽  
Investigation Methods

ABSTRACT. The most common procedure for an engineering project/construction is the use of direct survey, borehole and Standard Penetration Test (SPT). Thisprovides punctual information of the geology at the site, and many boreholes are necessary along the construction site, representing a significant amount of the budgetfor the construction and to help develop a better geological understand/map of the site. The use of geophysical methods allows to study the subsurface by indirectmeans, with low cost, and enable to cover large areas if compared to direct surveys. Geophysical methods are increasingly being used in engineering works, however, inBrazil the use in engineering projects is still scarce. In this work was used shallow seismic refraction method to study the shallow subsurface in an area along the futuretrack of the subway system of Bras´ılia, Brazil. The refraction results (P-wave) were compared with previous existing data from Standard Penetration Test (SPT), and soilprofile description. The seismic was used to study the subsurface geology, and SPT data were used to compare the seismic results. We observed a good correlationfor the depths obtained through each method, mostly in the north portion of the line, when the SPT was near the line, indicating that its results are influenced by thesame mechanical parameters, related to soil strength. Our results motivate the use of seismic refraction as a tool to optimize the direct investigation methods for bettergeotechnical characterization of the medium.Keywords: shallow seismic refraction, standard penetration test (SPT), geotechnical study. RESUMO. O procedimento inicial mais comum em um projeto de engenharia é o uso de pesquisa direta, por meio de sondagens e Índice de Resistência à Penetração (SPT, em inglês). Estas ferramentas fornecem informações pontuais acerca da geologia local, sendo necessárias diversas sondagens para desenvolver um bom entendimento geológico/geotécnico da região, fazendo com que as sondagens representem uma quantidade significativa do orçamento da obra de engenharia. O usode métodos geofísicos permite estudar a subsuperfície por meio indireto, com baixo custo, e possibilita cobrir grandes áreas, quando comparado ao uso exclusivo desondagens diretas. Métodos geofísicos estão sendo cada vez mais utilizados em obras de engenharia, no entanto, o seu uso em projetos de engenharia no Brasil aindaé escasso. Neste trabalho foi utilizado o método de sísmica de refração rasa para estudar a subsuperfície em uma área ao longo do futuro trecho do sistema de metrô de Brasília, Brasil. Os resultados de refração (onda P) foram comparados com os dados pré-existentes de SPT e descrição do solo. A sísmica foi empregada para estudara geologia da subsuperfície, os dados SPT foram utilizados para comparar com os resultados sísmicos. Observou-se uma boa correlação para as profundezas obtidas através de cada método, principalmente na porção norte da linha, região em que o SPT está mais próximo da linha, indicando que os seus resultados são influenciados pelos mesmos parâmetros mecânicos, relacionados com a resistência do solo. Nossos resultados motivam o uso de refração sísmica como uma ferramenta para aperfeiçoar os métodos de investigação direta, com objetivo de gerar uma melhor caracterização geotécnica do meio.Palavras-chave: sísmica de refração rasa, índice de resistência à penetração, estudo geotécnico.

scholarly journals Daya Dukung Tanah Fondasi Dangkal Pada Bukit Hambalang Bagian Selatan, Kecamatan Citeureup, Kabupaten Bogor

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Rifki Asrul Sani
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Square Footing ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Allowable Bearing Capacity ◽  
Shear Condition

ABSTRAKSeiring dengan terjadinya longsoran di beberapa titik wilayah di bukit Hambalang, maka diperlukan kajian data kondisi geologi teknik berupa sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah serta batuan bawah permukaan, terutama mengenai daya dukung tanah dalam menahan beban bangunan di atasnya agar tidak terjadi penurunan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dibagi menjadi tiga, yaitu metode penelitian studio dengan memanfaatkan data-data sekunder yang telah ada, metode penelitian di lapangan melalui pemetaan geologi untuk mendapatkan data litologi yang tersingkap di permukaan, zonasi longsoran yang terjadi, dan identifikasi kekuatan tanah hasil pemboran geoteknik dengan Standard Penetration Test (SPT), serta metode penelitian di laboratorium untuk mendapatkan parameter sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah sebagai penunjang data daya dukung tanah serta geologi teknik daerah penelitian. Hasil perhitungan fondasi dangkal untuk general soil shear condition dan local soil shear condition dapat disimpulkan bahwa daya dukung tanah yang diizinkan (qa) untuk setiap kedalaman yang paling tinggi pada fondasi bujur sangkar (square footing) dan nilai tertinggi yang terdapat pada kedalaman 2 m, yaitu 57,32 ton/m2 dan 36,11 ton/m2. Fondasi yang paling rendah untuk semua kedalaman pada fondasi menerus (continuous footing) untuk kedalaman 2 m memiliki nilai 34,49 ton/m2 dan 21,25 ton/m2. Berdasarkan data SPT, nilai daya dukung yang diizinkan (qa) pada masing-masing titik bor berkisar pada rentang 2,85 ton/m2 sampai 16,85 ton/m2. Kata kunci: longsoran, daya dukung, Standard Penetration Test (SPT). ABSTRACTAlong with the landslide in some areas on the Hambalang Hill, it needs data of engineering geological study such as mechanical and physical properties of soil also subsurface rocks. Especially regarding the soil bearing capacity in order to restrain the building from settlement. There are three methods which used in this research, those are studio research by using secondary data, fieldwork research that is geological mapping conducted to obtain data on lithological rocks at surface, landslide zone and soil strength identification from geotechnical drilling with Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and laboratory research to obtain the soil parameters of physical and mechanical properties, which used to support soil bearing capacity data and engineering geology in research area. The calculation results of the shallow foundation for general soil shear condition and the local soil shear condition it could be concluded that the allowable bearing capacity for all depth which is highest at the square footing and the highest value found to a depth of 2 m, that is 57.32 ton/m2 and 36.11 ton/m2. The lowest foundation for all the depth of the continuous footing to a depth of 2 m had value 34.49 ton/m2 and 21.25 ton/m2. Based on data from SPT, the allowable bearing capacity on each of borehole ranging from 2.85 ton/m2 to 16.85 ton/m2. Keywords: landslide, bearing capacity, Standard Penetration Test (SPT).

Research on the Relationship between SPT and the Ultimate Vertical Bearing Capacity of Jacked Pile in Shenyang District

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 3308-3311
Author(s):  
Xiang Ruan ◽  
Ren Yu Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Engineering Requirement ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Vertical Bearing ◽  
Vertical Bearing Capacity ◽  
The Relationship

Though the wide applications of jacked pile in engineering in Shenyang district, the problem is also exist in engineering for the capacity of the jacked pile is hard to account. The relationship between the standard penetration test and the ultimate vertical bearing capacity of jacked pile is established in this paper; also an empirical formula is put forward for calculating the ultimate vertical bearing capacity of the jacked pile in this district with blow count of standard penetration test (SPT). The engineering examples indicated that the empirical formula is feasible because the calculating bearing capacity of the silent pipe pile is coincided with the static load tests. The calculated results satisfy the engineering requirement andt can be concluded that the method is also convenient to choose the diameter and length of the pile during the initial stage of design.

scholarly journals Improved seismic profiling by minimally invasive multimodal surface wave method with standard penetration test source (MMSW-SPT)

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 1308-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibin Lin ◽  
Jeramy C. Ashlock
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Wave Method ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Surface Wave Dispersion ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Wave Method

Abstract Surface waves propagating in layered media inherently possess multimodal dispersion characteristics. However, traditional surface wave testing methods employing measurements at the free surface usually capture only a single apparent dispersion curve, especially when using short geophone arrays common to near surface and geotechnical-scale investigations. Such single-mode or fragmented multimode apparent dispersion curves contain only a fraction of the possible dispersion information, thus limiting the accuracy of inverted profiles. To enable more robust measurement of higher Rayleigh-wave modes, a recently developed hybrid minimally invasive multimodal surface wave method is combined herein with the widely used geotechnical standard penetration test (SPT), which is employed as a practical and ubiquitous downhole source. Upon superimposing surface wave dispersion data for a range of SPT impact depths within the soil, higher modes can be measured more consistently and reliably relative to traditional non-invasive testing methods. As a result, misidentification of multiple dispersion modes can be practically eliminated, significantly improving the accuracy and certainty of inversion results.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Pile Friction Bearing Capacity: Proposing a Novel Procedure Based on Gradient Boosted Tree Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11862
Author(s):  
Chia Yu Huat ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Hossein Moosavi ◽  
Ahmed Salih Mohammed ◽  
Danial Jahed Armaghani ◽  
Dmitrii Vladimirovich Ulrikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Pile Capacity ◽  
Input Selection ◽  
Pile Diameter ◽  
Friction Bearing ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Boosted Tree

In geotechnical engineering, there is a need to propose a practical, reliable and accurate way for the estimation of pile bearing capacity. A direct measure of this parameter is difficult and expensive to achieve on-site, and needs a series of machine settings. This study aims to introduce a process for selecting the most important parameters in the area of pile capacity and to propose several tree-based techniques for forecasting the pile bearing capacity, all of which are fully intelligent. In terms of the first objective, pile length, hammer drop height, pile diameter, hammer weight, and N values of the standard penetration test were selected as the most important factors for estimating pile capacity. These were then used as model inputs in different tree-based techniques, i.e., decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and gradient boosted tree (GBT) in order to predict pile friction bearing capacity. This was implemented with the help of 130 High Strain Dynamic Load tests which were conducted in the Kepong area, Malaysia. The developed tree-based models were assessed using various statistical indices and the best performance with the lowest system error was obtained by the GBT technique. The coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.901 and 0.816 for the train and test parts of the GBT model, respectively, showed the power and capability of this tree-based model in estimating pile friction bearing capacity. The GBT model and the input selection process proposed in this research can be introduced as a new, powerful, and practical methodology to predict pile capacity in real projects.

scholarly journals DAYA DUKUNG SEDIMEN DASAR LAUT DI PERAIRAN PELABUHAN CIREBON DAN SEKITARNYA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Permana ◽  
Purnomo Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Neap Tide ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
The North ◽  
Minimum Velocity ◽  
Foundation Structure

Daya dukung sedimen dasar laut dan aspek keteknikan pada perencanaan pengembangan pelabuhan Cirebon lebih ditekankan pada faktor geoteknik, geofisika dan oseanografi. Pada saat pasang arah arus cenderung ke arah selatan dan baratdaya, sedangkan pada saat surut cenderung ke arah utara dan timurlaut dengan kecepatan rata-rata maksimum 0.11 m/detik dan minimum 0.08 m/detik. Morfologi dasar laut di perairan pelabuhan Cirebon sangat landai bervariasi antara - 6,5 m (LWS) dan -8.00 m, sedangkan kolamnya sendiri antara 0.00 -2.00 m, Daya dukung tanah pada kedalaman 18.00 - 27.00 m dari LWS di bagian atas diselingi oleh pasir lepas hingga lempung pasiran merupakan tanah bersifat lunak (soft) dengan N SPT = 22 hingga 32 tumbukan (blows). Data sondir di sekitar lokasi dermaga menunjukan nilai harga Qc = 2-4 kg/cm2 pada kedalaman 2.00-11.50 m dan nilai Qc > 150 kg/cm2 dijumpai pada kedalaman 14.00-15.50 m. Sedangkan lapisan bawah di daerah Astanajapura pada kedalaman lebih dari 20.00 meter tertumpu pada pasir, padat, keras, nilai SPT antara 35 hingga lebih dari 50 tumbukan. Analisis mineral lempung yang ada di daerah selidikan memperlihatkan bahwa lempung monmorilonite sangat dominan dan diketahui bahwa tanah yang mengandung monmorilonite sangat mudah mengembang oleh tambahan kadar air sehingga tekanan pengembangannya dapat merusak struktur bangunan pondasi. Bottom sediments bearing capacity on Cirebon harbor development planning are focused on Geotechnique, geophysical and oceanographically aspects. During tidal spring, current tend to the south and southwest wards and during the neap tide tend to the north and northeast with mean maximum velocity was 0.11 m/sec and minimum velocity was 0.08 m/sec. The sea floor morphology in the Cirebon harbor waters is slightly gentle and the water depth varies from -6.5 to 8.5 m (LWS), while the depth of the pond itself are between 0.00 to -2.00 meters. The bearing capacity from SPT (Standard Penetration Test) at depth between 18.00 - 27.00 m are composed of loose sand to sandy clay, soft, with (N) SPT values about 22 to 32 blows. Sondir data obtained at depth 2.00 - 11.50 and Qc value about 2 - 4 kg/cm2 while at depth 14.00 m to 15.50 m Qc value data about more > 150 kg/cm2 was found at depth more than 20.00 meters. The lower part layers in Astanajapura are composed of sand, dense, hard, with SPT value data obtained are 35 to more than 50 blows. Clay mineral analysis showed montmorilonite is dominant in this survey area. So that very easy to swell and will influenced the foundation structure construction.

scholarly journals Cramming the Specificities in Contemplating Safe Bearing Capacity for the Foundation Assessed from Borehole Samples in a Sandy-Moorum Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tarun Kumar Lohani ◽  
Melkamu Teshome Ayana ◽  
Abdella Kemal Mohammed ◽  
Jyotiranjan Pattanaik
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Foundation Settlement ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Spt Data ◽  
Allowable Settlement

Borehole samples drilled up to a depth of 10 m provide a clear understanding whether a foundation is safe for any structure. The main objective of the present study reconnoitered the soil bearing capacity and foundation settlement characteristics using the standard penetration test (SPT) data obtained from 3 boreholes at 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m depths to correlate soil properties and deterrents, if any, created by groundwater. The methodology of the research is to collect soil samples, and ensuing subsoil analysis was performed in order to obtain concrete information to optimize the foundation system within the safe bearing capacity of soil and its allowable settlement. The scope of the work encompasses conducting detailed soil investigation from drilling logs, laboratory testing, and conducting and estimating safe bearing capacity. The result of the research aims at providing safety to the foundation from the investigations of conclusive recommendation to be adopted which would be economically feasible and structurally secured.

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