Utilization of Agricultural Waste to Be Bioethanol Sources as a Solvent on Paraffin Wax Crude Oil Issues

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Afdhol ◽  
F. Hidayat ◽  
M. Abdurrahman ◽  
H. Z. Lubis ◽  
R. K. Wijaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Paraffin Wax

Determining Wax Type: Paraffin or Naphthene?

SPE Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 963-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark M. Bacon ◽  
Laura B. Romero-Zerón ◽  
Ken K. Chong
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Paraffin Wax ◽  
Polarized Microscopy ◽  
Wax Deposits ◽  
Wax Inhibition ◽  
Wax Crystals

Summary Paraffin-wax deposits are known to be a worldwide problem in the upstream petroleum industry. Considerable resources are expended on inhibiting or removing wax deposits every year. Paraffin wax is not the only type of crude-oil-based wax. Microcrystalline waxes, composed of naphthene and iso-paraffin molecules, also exist but are not well studied. The predominance of paraffin (also called macrocrystalline) wax and paraffin-wax-inhibition techniques will likely lead to paraffin-wax treatments being applied to naphthene- based reservoirs. It is unclear how well a paraffin-based treatment will apply to naphthene-based oil. The current study investigates the use of cross-polarized microscopy (CPM) to determine if a crude oil contains macrocrystalline or microcrystalline waxes. The type of wax present in the crude oil can be determined using crystal morphology and size. This study demonstrates that paraffin-wax crystals are elongated structures with statistically larger sizes than the microcrystals. Microcrystalline waxes are shown to be statistically smaller and rounded structures.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Characterization of Paraffin Wax Formed in Developing Wells and Pipelines

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa El-Dalatony ◽  
Byong-Hun Jeon ◽  
El-Sayed Salama ◽  
Mohamed Eraky ◽  
Won Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Paraffin Wax ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Oil Type

Deposition and precipitation of paraffin wax in pipelines are major problems in the production, transfer, storage, and processing of crude oil. To prevent complete clogging, it is necessary to minimize and remove deposited wax in pipelines and tubing. Significant research has been done addressing the mechanisms of wax formation and its composition. In this review, the status of research and perspectives on the occurrence and characterization of the paraffin wax that forms in crude oil developing wells and pipelines has been critically reviewed. Several approaches for detecting paraffin wax and managing wax formation damage during oil recovery were discussed. This review also highlighted the effects of temperature and crude oil type on wax formation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of triethanolamine-cashew nutshell liquid derivatives as crude oil emulsion breakers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Victor-Oji ◽  
U. J. Chukwu ◽  
O. Akaranta
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Test Method ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Cashew Nutshell Liquid ◽  
Type Water ◽  
Demulsification Efficiency

AbstractThree bio-based crude oil emulsion breakers have been prepared from agricultural waste by chemical treatment of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) extract with triethanolamine via a one-pot reaction at 120 ℃. The triethanolamine-ester derivatives were characterized by Fourier Transform–InfraRed spectroscopy. Their effectiveness as crude oil emulsion breakers were investigated experimentally using the bottle test method. The effect of solvent type, water content, and concentration of the emulsion breaker, was used to study the demulsification process and determine their demulsification efficiency at a temperature of 60 ℃ for a contact time of 180 min. A commercial demulsifier, PhaseTreat 4633 (PT-4633) was used as a benchmark. Performance evaluation of the prepared emulsion breakers revealed their effectiveness in descending order as: triethanolamine dianacardate (TED) > triethanolamine trianacardate (TET) > triethanolamine anacardate (TEA). The data reveals that their emulsion breaking efficiency increases with increasing emulsion water content, and concentration. PT-4633 exhibited better demulsification efficiency than the triethanolamine-esters in xylene across the concentration and water content studied. Improved water separation was however observed for the triethanolamine-esters in butanol, as triethanolamine trianacardate (TET) performed better than PT-4633 at 10 ppm to 20 ppm at 30% water content with a water separation of 83.33% and 80% respectively. The evaluated triethanolamine ester derivatives exhibited better emulsion breaking potentials in butanol than xylene at shorter times, which may be due to the synergistic effect of butanol. Therefore, butanol could be used as a sustainable solvent substitute for xylene in demulsifier formulations.

scholarly journals Wax-wetting sponges for oil droplets recovery from frigid waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. eabc7926
Author(s):  
P. Cherukupally ◽  
W. Sun ◽  
D. R. Williams ◽  
G. A. Ozin ◽  
A. M. Bilton
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Paraffin Wax ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Efficient Recovery ◽  
Wax Crystallization

Energy-efficient recovery of oil droplets from ice-cold water, such as oil sands tailings, marine, and arctic oil spills, is challenging. In particular, due to paraffin wax crystallization at low temperatures, the crude oil exhibits high viscosity, making it difficult to collect using simple solutions like sponges. Here, we report a wax-wetting sponge designed by conforming to the thermoresponsive microstructure of crude oil droplets. To address paraffin wax crystallization, we designed the sponge by coating a polyester polyurethane substrate with nanosilicon functionalized with paraffin-like octadecyl ligands. The wax-wetting sponge can adsorb oil droplets from wastewater between 5° and 40°C with 90 to 99% removal efficacy for 10 cycles. Also, upon rinsing with heptol, the adsorbed oil is released within seconds. The proposed approach of sponges designed to conform with the temperature-dependent microstructure of the crude oils could enable cold water technologies and improve circular economy metrics in the oil industry.

The Effect of Irradiation on Immiscible Fluids for Increased Oil Production With Horizontal Wells

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Bjorndalen ◽  
Shabbir Mustafiz ◽  
M. R. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Immiscible Fluids ◽  
Paraffin Wax ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Temperature Changes

Oil recovery using horizontal wells gives an undeniable benefit to the petroleum industry. One of the problems of using this method is that the wells can plug due to pressure and temperature changes. The components of crude oil such as asphaltene and paraffin wax can precipitate in the horizontal section of the well causing a loss of productivity and profit. Microwave or irradiation has been proposed to remove these precipitates remotely. The effect of microwaves on crude oil properties has been studied and a numerical model is presented to gain an understanding of the effect of the rise in temperature. These results include temperature increases for various concentrations of crude oil, and paraffin wax under different exposure times. The effect that different media (bentonite and gypsum) has on the temperature of these components has also been studied. By understanding the temperature rise, one can determine the effect that irradiation will have on oil production. Overall, the agreement between experimental and numerical results was acceptable.

scholarly journals Microbial Biodegradation of Paraffin Wax in Malaysian Crude Oil Mediated by Degradative Enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Aina Adlan ◽  
Suriana Sabri ◽  
Malihe Masomian ◽  
Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali ◽  
Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Paraffin Wax ◽  
Microbial Biodegradation ◽  
Degradative Enzymes
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