scholarly journals Scalp Metastasis of Mesothelioma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
İlkin Yetişkin ◽  
Berna Eren Kömürcüoğlu ◽  
Eylem Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Rare Neoplasm ◽  
Scalp Metastasis

Mesothelioma is a primary malignant tumor of the mesothelial cells lining the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum, which is frequently seen between the ages of 40-60. Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare neoplasm with a poor prognosis, usually associated with asbestos exposure. It is characterized by aggressive local invasion and metastatic spread. Extrathoracic lymphogenous-hematogenous metastases are rare at the time of diagnosis and in the early stage. However, metastases develop in at least half of the cases in the late stage of the disease. After the spread of serous membranes, distant metastases to the bone, adrenal gland, and liver are frequently observed. Skin and scalp metastases are rarely observed. Our case MPM is presented because it is a rare scalp metastasis.

Vaginal sarcoma: the Royal Marsden experience

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Y.S. Ngan ◽  
J. H. Shepherd ◽  
C. Fisher ◽  
P. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Recurrent Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Intermediate Grade ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Prognostic Importance

Six patients with vaginal sarcoma are reported here. This clinicopathologic review confirms the poor prognosis of this disease. However, there were three 5-year survivors, all of whom had early stage disease and low to intermediate grade tumors. Apart from tumor grade, stage was of prognostic importance. Late recurrences at 5 and 21 years were noted in two of the three 5-year survivors. Neither chemotherapy nor radiotherapy were of use in the treatment of late stage or recurrent disease.

Differentiation of malignant mesothelioma from adenocarcinoma

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
John Garancis ◽  
John Cafaro ◽  
Anthony Cafaro ◽  
Raymond Venezia
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Parietal Pleura ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
History Of

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare tumor arising predominantly from either the visceral or parietal pleura or peritoneal surfaces. It primarily effects individuals between 45 and 75 years. of age and asbestos is felt to be the single most important etiologic agent. Studies suggest that the incidence of MM is increasing perhaps at a rate of as high as 13% per year. The diagnosis of MM can be difficult and is often complicated by the tumors similarity to metastatic adenocarcinoma, both in it's microscopic appearance and to some extent clinical course.In this particular study the immunohistochemical properties of 22 malignant mesotheliomas (20 pleural and two peritoneal) are compared with 20 pulmonary adenocarcinomas. Each tissue was examined using monoclonal antibodies to wide-spectrum cytokeratin, CEA, Leu-M1 and B72.3. Extensive asbestos exposure was identified in all but 1 of the mesothelioma cases. The cases of peritoneal MM were found to have a history of chrysctile exposure only (Fig.1). Distant metastases were present in four cases of MM.

scholarly journals Metastatic mechanisms in follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. R307-R319 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E Phay ◽  
Matthew D Ringel
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Regional Metastases

Thyroid cancer incidence is rising annually largely related to enhanced detection and early stage well-differentiated primary tumors. The prognosis for patients with early stage thyroid cancer is outstanding with most patients being cured with surgery. In selected cases, I-131 is administered to treat known or suspected residual or metastatic disease. Even patients with loco-regional metastases typically have an outstanding long-term prognosis, albeit with monitoring and occasional intervention for residual or recurrent disease. By contrast, individuals with distant metastases from thyroid cancer, particularly older patients with larger metastatic burdens and those with poorly differentiated tumors, have a poor prognosis. Patients with metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer have a particularly poor prognosis. Published clinical trials indicate that transient disease control and partial remissions can be achieved with kinase inhibitor therapy directed toward angiogenic targets and that in some cases I-131 uptake can be enhanced. However, the direct targets of activity in metastatic lesions are incompletely defined and clear evidence that these treatments increase the duration or quality of life of patients is lacking, underscoring the need for improved knowledge regarding the metastatic process to inform the development of new therapies. In this review, we will focus on current data and hypotheses regarding key regulators of metastatic dormancy, metastatic progression, and the role of putative cancer stem cells.

644: Cathepsin D is a Marker for Early Stage Renal Cell Cancer and Predicts the Presence of Distant Metastases

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
Axel S. Merseburger ◽  
Joerg Hennenlotter ◽  
Perikles Simon ◽  
Marcus Horstmann ◽  
Arnulf Stenzl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Cancer ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Distant Metastases

miR-224 is an early-stage biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma with miR-224 and miR-125b as prognostic biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 1485-1500
Author(s):  
Lichao Yang ◽  
Chunmeng Wei ◽  
Yasi Li ◽  
Xiao He ◽  
Min He
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Low Expression

Aim: The aim was to systematically investigate the miRNA biomarkers for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials & methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of miRNA expression in HCC were performed. Results: A total of 4903 cases from 30 original studies were comprehensively analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of miR-224 in discriminating early-stage HCC patients from benign lesion patients were 0.868 and 0.792, which were superior to α-fetoprotein. Combined miR-224 with α-fetoprotein, the sensitivity and specificity were increased to 0.882 and 0.808. Prognostic survival analysis showed low expression of miR-125b and high expression of miR-224 were associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion: miR-224 had a prominent diagnostic efficiency in early-stage HCC, with miR-224 and miR-125b being valuable in the prognostic diagnosis.

scholarly journals Making the Grade during Pandemic: Early-stage and Late-stage Provisional Institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 073112142110286
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Kinney ◽  
Nicholas J. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
State University ◽  
Institutional Work ◽  
Traditional Grading ◽  
Grading Policy ◽  
Temporary Solution ◽  
Rural State ◽  
Empirical Implications ◽  
Common Understanding

This is an article that draws on the institutional work literature about provisional institutions. To date, nearly every U.S. sector has been impacted by COVID-19. To sustain their core missions, highly institutionalized organizations such as universities have had to rethink foundational structures and policies. Using a historical ethnographic approach to investigate records from faculty senate deliberations at “Rural State University” (RSU), the authors examine the implementation of a temporary grading policy to supplement traditional, qualitative grades spring 2020 during the outbreak. The authors find that RSU implemented a temporary, supplemental grading policy as a provisional institution to momentarily supersede traditional grading as a means to—as soon as possible—return to it. This finding contrasts with the common understanding that provisional institutions operate primarily as a temporary solution to a social problem that leads to more stable and enduring, ostensibly nonprovisional institutions. The temporary grading policy, the authors argue, constitutes a “late-stage” provisional institution and, with this new lens, subsequently characterize the more commonplace understanding of provisional institutions as “early-stage.” This contribution has theoretical implications for studies of institutions and empirical implications for research on shared governance and disruption in higher education.

scholarly journals SEOM clinical guidelines for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nadal ◽  
J. Bosch-Barrera ◽  
S. Cedrés ◽  
J. Coves ◽  
R. García-Campelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Benefit ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Tumor Board ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Line Chemotherapy ◽  
Multidisciplinary Tumor Board

AbstractMesothelioma is a rare and aggressive tumour with dismal prognosis arising in the pleura and associated with asbestos exposure. Its incidence is on the rise worldwide. In selected patients with early-stage MPM, a maximal surgical cytoreduction in combination with additional antitumour treatment may be considered in selected patients assessed by a multidisciplinary tumor board. In patients with unresectable or advanced MPM, chemotherapy with platinum plus pemetrexed is the standard of care. Currently, no standard salvage therapy has been approved yet, but second-line chemotherapy with vinorelbine or gemcitabine is commonly used. Novel therapeutic approaches based on dual immunotherapy or chemotherapy plus immunotherapy demonstrated promising survival benefit and will probably be incorporated in the future.

Health Insurance Status as a Predictor of Mode of Colon Cancer Detection but Not Stage at Diagnosis: Implications for Early Detection

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492199917
Author(s):  
Lindsey A. Jones ◽  
Katherine C. Brewer ◽  
Leslie R. Carnahan ◽  
Jennifer A. Parsons ◽  
Blase N. Polite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Insurance Status ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Health Insurance Status ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Point Increase

Objective For colon cancer patients, one goal of health insurance is to improve access to screening that leads to early detection, early-stage diagnosis, and polyp removal, all of which results in easier treatment and better outcomes. We examined associations among health insurance status, mode of detection (screen detection vs symptomatic presentation), and stage at diagnosis (early vs late) in a diverse sample of patients recently diagnosed with colon cancer from the Chicago metropolitan area. Methods Data came from the Colon Cancer Patterns of Care in Chicago study of racial and socioeconomic disparities in colon cancer screening, diagnosis, and care. We collected data from the medical records of non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White patients aged ≥50 and diagnosed with colon cancer from October 2010 through January 2014 (N = 348). We used logistic regression with marginal standardization to model associations between health insurance status and study outcomes. Results After adjusting for age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status, being continuously insured 5 years before diagnosis and through diagnosis was associated with a 20 (95% CI, 8-33) percentage-point increase in prevalence of screen detection. Screen detection in turn was associated with a 15 (95% CI, 3-27) percentage-point increase in early-stage diagnosis; however, nearly half (47%; n = 54) of the 114 screen-detected patients were still diagnosed at late stage (stage 3 or 4). Health insurance status was not associated with earlier stage at diagnosis. Conclusions For health insurance to effectively shift stage at diagnosis, stronger associations are needed between health insurance and screening-related detection; between screening-related detection and early stage at diagnosis; or both. Findings also highlight the need to better understand factors contributing to late-stage colon cancer diagnosis despite screen detection.

scholarly journals EU FP7 research funding for an orphan drug (Orfadin®) and vaccine (Hep C) development: a success and a failure?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Schmidt ◽  
O. Sehic ◽  
C. Wild
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Market Authorisation ◽  
Risk Capital

Abstract Background We considered the extent of the contribution of publicly funded research to the late-stage clinical development of pharmaceuticals and medicinal products, based on the European Commission (EC) FP7 research funding programme. Using two EC FP7-HEALTH case study examples—representing two types of outcomes—we then estimated wider public and charitable research funding contributions. Methods Using the publicly available database of FP7-HEALTH funded projects, we identified awards relating to late-stage clinical development according to the systematic application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, classified them according to product type and clinical indication, and calculated total EC funding amounts. We then identified two case studies representing extreme outcomes: failure to proceed with the product (hepatitis C vaccine) and successful market authorisation (Orfadin® for alkaptonuria). Total public and philanthropic research funding contributions to these products were then estimated using publicly available information on funding. Results 12.3% (120/977) of all EC FP7-HEALTH awards related to the funding of late-stage clinical research, totalling € 686,871,399. Pharmaceutical products and vaccines together accounted for 84% of these late-stage clinical development research awards and 70% of its funding. The hepatitis C vaccine received total European Community (FP7 and its predecessor, EC Framework VI) funding of €13,183,813; total public and charitable research funding for this product development was estimated at € 77,060,102. The industry sponsor does not consider further development of this product viable; this now represents public risk investment. FP7 funding for the late-stage development of Orfadin® for alkaptonuria was so important that the trials it funded formed the basis for market authorisation, but it is not clear whether the price of the treatment (over €20,000 per patient per year) adequately reflects the substantial public funding contribution. Conclusions Public and charitable research funding plays an essential role, not just in early stage basic research, but also in the late-stage clinical development of products prior to market authorisation. In addition, it provides risk capital for failed products. Within this context, we consider further discussions about a public return on investment and its reflection in pricing policies and decisions justified.

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