scholarly journals Karakteristik Reologi Komposit Serbuk Cangkang Kemiri dan Poliuretan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yovial Mahyoedin ◽  
Kurnia Harlina Dewi ◽  
Wenny Marthiana ◽  
Rizky Arman ◽  
Ridho Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Mechanical Mixer

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan menentukan karakteristik reologi komposit serbuk cangkang kemiri (SCK) berukuran 45µm<d<75µm dan resin Poliuretan (PU) dengan komposisi bervariasi, yaitu 5%:95%, 10%:90%, 15%:85%. Pencampuran SCK dan PU dilakukan dengan mechanical mixer dengan kecepatan dan lama pengadukan masing-masing 10, 15 dan 20 menit dan 100, 200 dan 250 rpm. Reologi komposit diperoleh dengan pengujian rotational viscometer dan dioptimasi dengan metoda Taguchi. Penelitian menunjukkan viskositas terkecil 218,66 mPa.s, ditemukan pada komposit dengan komposisi 5% 95%, waktu pengadukan 15 menit dan kecepatan pengadukan 100 rpm.  Kata kunci: Serbuk cangkang kemiri, Poliuretan, Viskositas, Reologi.  Abstract This study aimed to determine the composite rheological characteristics of candlenut shells (SCK) with particle size of 45µm <d <75µm and polyurethane (PU) resins with varying compositions, namely 5%: 95%, 10%: 90%, 15%: 85%. Mixing of SCK and PU is carried out using mechanical mixers with a speed and stirring time of 10, 15 and 20 minutes and 100, 200 and 250 rpm, respectively. Composite rheology was obtained by rotational viscometer testing and optimized by the Taguchi method. The results showed the smallest viscosity of 218.66 mPa.s, found in composites with a composition of 5% 95%, stirring time of 15 minutes and stirring speed of 100 rpm. Keywords: candlenut shell, polyurethane, viscosity, rheology

scholarly journals Penggunaan Metode Taguchi untuk Menentukan Kondisi Parameter Optimum Pada Pembuatan CaO dari Batu Kapur (CaCO-3)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Lilik Widia ◽  
◽  
Roniyus Marjunus ◽  
Sudibyo Sudibyo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Irregular Particle ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Influential Parameters ◽  
Selection Of

Research has been carried out to determine the optimum conditions for making quicklime (CaO) using the Taguchi Method. CaO is the burning result of limestone (CaCO_3) in calcination process by releasing of CO_2 gas until CaO solids occur. The limestone was calcined at 950^o c. The Taguchi Method is a quality improvement technique with the selection of the most influential parameters of the making of process CaO. The parameters are particle size, CaO mass, heating temperature and stirring time. The XRF results show that the levels of CaO after the Taguchi Method design has increased from 98.779% to 98.814%. The XRD results show that the CaO phase is amorphous. The phase which were formed by calcination are Lime (CaO), Quartz (SiO_2) and Hematite (〖Fe〗_2 O_3). Based on the SEM results, the morphology of CaCO_3 has an irregular particle size and tends to be a granular solid due to the presence of impurity. Meanwhile, the results of the EDS analysis show that the content of Calcium (Ca) is quite high. From the design results of the Taguchi Method, the optimum conditions is obtained at a particle size of 140 mesh, 75 gr CaO mass, heating temperature 70^o c and stirring time 0,5 hour.

Application of Plakett-Burman Screening Design in Optimization of Process Parameters for Formulation of Canaglifozin Nanosuspension

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 5208-5216
Author(s):  
Nisha Patel ◽  
Hitesh A Patel
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Mean Particle Size ◽  
Screening Design ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Response Variables

In this study, we sought to improve the dissolution characteristics of a poorly water-soluble BCS class IV drug canaglifozin, by preparing nanosuspension using media milling method. A Plackett–Burman screening design was employed to screen the significant formulation and process variables. A total of 12 experiment were generated by design expert trial version 12 for screening 5 independent variables namely the amount of stabilizer in mg (X1), stirring time in hr (X2), amt of Zirconium oxide beads in gm (X3), amount of drug in mg (X4) and stirring speed in rpm (X5) while mean particle size in nm (Y1) and drug release in 10 min. were selected as the response variables. All the regression models yielded a good fit with high determination coefficient and F value. The Pareto chart depicted that all the independent variables except the amount of canaglifozin had a significant effect (p<0.001) on the response variables. The mathematical model for mean particle size generated from the regression analysis was given by mean particle size = +636.48889 -1.28267 amt of stabilizer(X1) -4.20417 stirring time (X2) -7.58333 amt of ZrO2 beads(X3) -0.105556 amt of drug(X4) -0.245167 stirring speed(X5) (R2=0.9484, F ratio=22.07, p<0.001). Prepared canaglifozin nanosuspension exemplified a significant improvement (p<0.05) in the release as compared to pure canaglifozin and marketed tablet with the optimum formulation releasing almost 80% drug within first 10min. Optimized nanosuspension showed spherical shape with surface oriented stabilizer molecules and a mean particle diameter of 120.5 nm. There was no change in crystalline nature after formulation and it was found to be chemically stable with high drug content.

The Use of Rheology for Sludge Characterization

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 475-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
H W Campbell ◽  
P J Crescuolo
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Polymer Addition ◽  
Rheological Measurements ◽  
Acceleration Rate ◽  
Sludge Characterization ◽  
Potential Use

Rheological measurements were conducted on a variety of anaerobically digested sewage sludges to evaluate the potential use of rheology in describing the effects of chemical conditioning on the physical characteristics of sludges. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the influence of the method of chemical conditioning on rheological measurements; to determine the response of the viscometer system to changes in the instrument variables; and to evaluate interrelationships between rheology and other physical properties. All rheological measurements were made using a coaxial rotational viscometer. Evaluation of a variety of test procedures identified that both the method of adding chemical conditioners, and the acceleration rate of the rotational viscometer, could significantly alter the shape of the rheograms. A suggested methodology was identified and selected samples were analyzed in triplicate to test the reproducibility of the procedures. Existing mathematical models do not adequately describe the variety of flow behaviour patterns observed with sewage sludge. The concepts of yield stress and apparent viscosity also have limited value due to problems of definition and calculation. A parameter termed the “instantaneous viscosity”, defined as the derivative of the flow curve, is suggested as being more suitable for describing sludge behaviour. The relationships between chemical conditioning, particle size distribution and applied shear were explored. As polymer addition increased, the sludge particles became more susceptible to shear breakup. The extent of particle size reduction was a function of the rate of shear and the time during which the shear was maintained.

scholarly journals Электропроводность наножидкостей с металлическими частицами

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
В.Я. Рудяк ◽  
А.В. Минаков ◽  
М.И. Пряжников
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Heat Conductivity ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Nanoparticle Concentration ◽  
Aluminum Particles

AbstractThe electric conductivity is experimentally studied in nanofluids based on water and ethylene glycol containing copper and aluminum particles. Other properties, such as heat conductivity and rheological characteristics, were evaluated as well. The electric conductivity of nanofluids is shown to increase almost linearly with a nanoparticle concentration, but, unlike the heat conductivity, a gain in electric conductivity is due to a decrease in particle size. In this respect, the mechanisms of electric conductivity and heat conductivity are assumed to have the fundamentally different nature.

scholarly journals Formulation and Development of Stable Metaxalone Nanosuspension Using 32 Factorial Design

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paras R. Vasanani ◽  
L. Patel ◽  
Chetan Detroja
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
Saturation Solubility ◽  
Poor Solubility ◽  
Bcs Class Ii ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
32 Factorial Design

Nanosuspensions are the dispersions of nanosized particles in a suitable vehicle prepared using surfactants or solubilizers to aid in nanosize distribution. Nanosuspension is best suited for dosage form development of poorly soluble drugs. According to the biopharmaceutical classification system, drugs with poor solubility fall either in BCS class II or BCS class IV. BCS class II drugs show poor solubility and good permeability; hence their bioavailability problems can be overcome by improving their solubility. Metaxalone is one such BCS class II drug from an oxazolidin-2-one class of centrally acting muscle relaxant drugs, indicated for relief of discomforts associated with acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions. Therefore, in present investigation, nanosuspension of Metaxalone has been formulated as an attempt to improve solubility and hence the overall bioavailability of Metaxalone. Media milling technique has been employed for nanosuspension preparation. Surfactant concentration (Poloxamer 407) and stirring time has been optimized using 32 factorial design to achieve desired particle size and saturation solubility responses as dependent variables. The particle size (PS) of 215.3 nm and maximum saturation solubility (SS) of 2805μg/ml was obtained as suggested solutions from factorial design which was further confirmed using check point analysis. Interaction of surfactant concentration and stirring time and their effect on particle size and saturation solubility was predicted using the contour plots and response surface plots. The optimized formulation showed around 99% metaxalone in vitro dissolution in comparison to around 46% dissolution from SKELAXIN® tablet at 30 minutes. These methodologies could therefore be employed successfully to improve solubility of any BCS class II drug and to predict effects and interactions of many experimental variables at the same time.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of domperidone nanoparticles for dissolution improvement

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sabar Al-lami ◽  
Malath H. Oudah ◽  
Firas A. Rahi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Antisolvent Precipitation ◽  
Stirring Time

This study was carried out to prepare and characterize domperidone nanoparticles to enhance solubility and the release rate. Domperidone is practically insoluble in water and has low and an erratic bioavailability range from 13%-17%. The domperidone nanoparticles were prepared by solvent/antisolvent precipitation method at different polymer:drug ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 using different polymers and grades of poly vinyl pyrolidone, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as stabilizers. The effect of polymer type, ratio of polymer:drug, solvent:antisolvent ratio, stirring rate and stirring time on the particle size, were investigated and found to have a significant (p? 0.05) effect on particle size. The best formula was obtained with lowest average particle size of 84.05. This formula was studied for compatibility by FTIR and DSC, surface morphology by FESEM and crystalline state by XRPD. Then domperidone nanoparticles were formulated into a simple capsule dosage form in order to study of the in vitro release of drug from nanoparticles in comparison raw drug and mixture of polymer:drug ratios of 2:1. The release of domperidone from best formula was highly improved with a significant (p? 0.05) increase.

Extraction of Tin (Sn) from Solder Dross by Using Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 567-570
Author(s):  
Syarifah Aminah Ismail ◽  
Noorina Hidayu Jamil ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Leaching ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Acid Aqueous Solution

This project deals with the experimental results of leaching of Sn from solder dross by means of leaching using different concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl). Solder dross was sieved to obtain a mean particle size of 75 μm. The solder dross powder obtained was leached by using HCl acid aqueous solution. To optimize the parameter required for recovery of Sn from solder dross, initially the bench scale studies were carried out using varying acid concentration, stirring time and temperature. The experimental indicate that 98.7% of Sn was leached out from solder dross using 0.1M of HCl, 24 hours of stirring time at60°C solution temperature.

scholarly journals Controlling Particle Size and Structural Properties of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Using the Taguchi Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (27) ◽  
pp. 13158-13165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Dong Chiang ◽  
Hong-Yuan Lian ◽  
Sin-Yen Leo ◽  
Shy-Guey Wang ◽  
Yusuke Yamauchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Etodolac as a Topical Nanosponges Hydrogel

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Maysam M. Abass ◽  
Nawal A. Rajab
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Internal Phase ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Vitro Release ◽  
Emulsion Solvent Diffusion Method ◽  
Polymer Ratio

Nanosponges (NS) of etodolac(ETO) was prepared using the emulsion solvent diffusion method ; the effects of drug: polymer ratio, the effect of level concentration of internal phase and stirring time and other variables that effect on the physical characteristics of NS were investigated and characterized, The selected formula was lyophilized then incorporated into hydrogel ; which also evaluated .The results show that the formulation that contain Drug: PVA:EC in ratio 1:3:2 is the best with smallest particle size 40.2±0.098 with polydispersibility0.005 and in vitro release 97.6±0.11%, , ETO NS Carbopol hydrogel produced a significant(p<0.05) improvement of the in vitro release than pure ETO hydrogel.

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