scholarly journals The minimum wage remains significantly high in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abrich ◽  
Mohamed Amine Lahlou
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Minimum Wage Legislation ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

Morocco passed minimum wage legislation as early as 1936 with the aim of defining minimum pay levels for employees in urban and rural areas. Decisions to increase the minimum wage (guaranteed minimum wage) and SMAG (minimum guaranteed agricultural wage), which serve as minimum wages in the non-agricultural and agricultural sectors, respectively, do not follow a pre-established timetable but arise from exchanges between different stakeholders within the framework of social dialogue. Since the early 2000s, around ten increases have been implemented on the minimum wage, however, no scientific publication analyzing their effects on the Moroccan economy has been carried out. Thus, the objective of the study published by BAM is to examine the impact of revaluations of the minimum wage on a set of macroeconomic variables of interest to the decision-maker. The study reviews the criteria for setting the minimum wage and its macroeconomic effects. Then on the stylized facts that characterize the minimum wage in Morocco, particularly in relation to wage distribution, employment, informality and youth unemployment. The study also explores the links between minimum wage, overall salary and employment. Finally, a simulation of the effects of the increase in the minimum wage on the Moroccan economy is carried out based on a more structural model derived from the IMF's FSGM model.

scholarly journals The impact of a minimum wage change on the distribution of wages and household income

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Redmond ◽  
Karina Doorley ◽  
Seamus McGuinness
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Wage Increase ◽  
Minimum Wage Increase ◽  
Wage Change ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We use distribution regression analysis to study the impact of a 6% increase in the Irish minimum wage on the distribution of hourly wages and household income. Wage inequality, measured by the ratio of wages in the 90th and 10th percentiles and the 75th and 25th percentiles, decreased by approximately 8 and 4%, respectively. The results point towards wage spillover effects up to the 30th percentile of the wage distribution. We show that minimum wage workers are spread throughout the household income distribution and are often located in high-income households. Therefore, while we observe strong effects on the wage distribution, the impact of a minimum wage increase on the household income distribution is quite limited.

Analysis of the impact of heat waves on daily mortality in urban and rural areas in Madrid

2021 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 110892
Author(s):  
J.A. López-Bueno ◽  
M.A. Navas-Martín ◽  
C. Linares ◽  
I.J. Mirón ◽  
M.Y. Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Daily Mortality ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Integrated Passenger Transport System in Rural Areas – A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-873
Author(s):  
Branimir Maretić ◽  
Borna Abramović
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

The planning and organisation of public passenger transport in rural areas is a complex process. The transport demand in rural areas is often low, which makes it hard to establish and run a financially sustainable public transport system. A solution is integrated passenger transport that eliminates deficiencies and provides benefits for all participants in the public passenger transport process. This paper describes the impact of integrated passenger transport on mobility in rural areas and critically evaluates different literature sources. Integration of passenger transport in urban areas has been described in the context of rural areas, and the challenges of integration of public passenger transport specific to rural areas have been analysed. Through the application in urban and rural areas, the planning of integrated and non-integrated passenger transport has been functionally analysed. The analysis found an increase in the degree of mobility in the areas that use integrated passenger transport compared to the non-integrated one. This research of the literature review has identified the rural areas of mobility as under-researched. The mobility research can set up a more efficient passenger transport planning system in rural areas.

Empirical analysis of the impact of financial development on the income gap between urban and rural residents in the context of large data using fuzzy Kmeans clustering algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. 002072092093683
Author(s):  
Yao Li
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Urban And Rural Residents ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

With the rise of the tertiary industry, the financial industry has achieved unprecedented development, which is mainly reflected in the rapid growth of economic aggregate, the increasingly balanced financial structure system and the increasingly diversified financial products. However, with the rapid development of financial industry, the income of urban and rural residents is increasingly unbalanced. The increasing income gap between urban and rural areas has caused a large number of adverse phenomena in the process of economic development, seriously affecting the income distribution of the people and even causing social instability. Therefore, in today’s big data era, it is necessary to systematically study and analyze the impact of financial industry development on the national income gap between urban and rural areas. At the same time, it is of great significance to improve the problem of excessive income gap between urban and rural areas. This paper mainly analyses the relationship between the three effects of the development of financial industry and the income gap between urban and rural residents. In the empirical aspect, the paper creatively uses the fuzzy Kmeans clustering algorithm to regression analysis the panel data of a certain area from 2010 to 2018. At the same time, in the empirical data analysis, this paper creatively replaces the European norm measure of the Kmeans clustering algorithm with the AE measure, and puts forward a proposal. The index of financial development level is based on the proportion of loans from financial institutions. Through theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper draws the following conclusions: the financial scale in the financial industry will have a huge impact on the income gap between urban and rural areas. Finally, based on the above problems and current situation, this paper puts forward relevant improvement suggestions.

scholarly journals Sustainable Mountain Village Construction Adapted to Livelihood, Topography, and Hydrology: A Case of Dong Villages in Southeast Guizhou, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4619
Author(s):  
Zhengxu Zhou ◽  
Ziyu Jia ◽  
Nian Wang ◽  
Ming Fang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Mountain Valley ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Water Pond ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

A sustainable environment needs the effort and experience from both urban and rural areas. Some villages have achieved sustainability utilizing the concept of ecological stability. This paper takes the Dong villages in the Duliujiang River Basin in the Southeastern Guizhou as an example. Based on the anthropological “ethnographic text” and the morphological “village space information”, this paper analyzes the impact of the mountain rice livelihood model and different hydrological–topographic conditions on the spatial pattern of settlements, focusing on the sustainable construction wisdom. The findings are as follows: (1) Dong people’s migration follows the “River Valley–Mountain Valley–Mountain Slope” path, with maintenance of the rice livelihood model and, finally, derived from the “Mountain–Water–Forest–Paddy Field–Village” spatial pattern, the “Mountain–Water–(Pond)–Field–Forest–Village”, “Mountain–Water–Terrace–Forest–Village” settlement space patterns are formed. (2) The Dong’s settlements form a sustainable overall space. “Mountain–Water–Forest–Paddy Field” each play an ecological role and form an organic whole. Their management mechanism of utilizing limited natural resources has played an important management and supervision role. (3) The natural base of “Mountain–Water–Forest–Paddy Field–Village” is in accordance with their livelihood model and social culture, forming a unique ecosystem. It has become the basic environment for them to obtain survival sustenance, which still has prominent values today.

scholarly journals The impact of minimum wages for domestic workers in Bloemfontein, South Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip F. Blaauw ◽  
Louis J. Bothma
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Minimum Wage Legislation ◽  
The Impact

Orientation: The number of domestic workers in South Africa has decreased in the last decade, seemingly corresponding with efforts by government to increase regulation.Research purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate possible structural changes in this labour market over the last decade, as well as the possible employment effects of the latest minimum wage provisions.Motivation for the study: Previous studies on the topic were carried out either prior to, or just after, the implementation of the minimum wage legislation for domestic workers. Now, five years after implementation, the conclusions and predictions of these studies need to be evaluated.Research design, approach and method: The study utilised a repeat survey in the suburb of Langenhoven Park in Bloemfontein, where two previous microstudies had been conducted. Structural interviews were conducted with a sample of 132 respondents and the data analysed.Main findings: There are now fewer domestic workers working for more employers, than there were ten years ago. In contrast to predictions from the literature, these changes mostly occurred before the implementation of the legislation. Real wages and legislative compliance improved for those who remained employed.Practical implications: The task of balancing the improvement of the lives of domestic workers and the possible adverse consequences of the legislation, in the form of job losses, remains as daunting as it was ten years ago.Contribution: Literature predicts changes in the market for domestic workers to be long term. This study shows that most changes took place before the implementation of the legislation as employers decided on their course of action.

scholarly journals Assessing women's satisfaction with family planning services in Mozambique

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Chavane ◽  
Martinho Dgedge ◽  
Patricia Bailey ◽  
Osvaldo Loquiha ◽  
Marc Aerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
National Level ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe contraceptive prevalence rate in Mozambique was estimated as 11.3% in the last Demographic and Health Survey. The impact of family planning (FP) on women's health and on the reduction of maternal mortality is well known.MethodsAcknowledging the importance of user satisfaction in the utilisation of health services, exit interviews were used to assess women's satisfaction with FP services in Mozambique. The survey, conducted in 174 health facilities, was representative at the national level, covered all provinces, and both urban and rural areas.ResultsOverall, 86% of respondents were satisfied with FP services, but issues such as insufficient supplies of oral contraceptives and the low quality of healthcare provider/client interactions were given as reasons for women's dissatisfaction.ConclusionDefined actions at the level of health service provision are needed to tackle the identified issues and ensure improved satisfaction with, and better utilisation of, FP services in Mozambique.

scholarly journals HUMAN BEHAVIORAL CHANGES AND ITS IMPACT IN DISEASE MODELING

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (33) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teoh Shian Li ◽  
Jane Labadin ◽  
Phang Piau ◽  
Ling Yeong Tyng ◽  
Shapiee Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Individual Based Model ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

One of the threats of the world health is the infectious diseases. This leads to the raise of concern of the policymakers and disease researchers. Vaccination program is one of the methods to prevent the vaccine-preventable diseases and hence help to eradicate the diseases. The impact of the preventive actions is related to the human behavioral changes. Fear of the diseases will increase one’s incentive in taking the preventive actions to avoid the diseases. As human behavioral changes affecting the impact of the preventive actions, the individual-based model is constructed to incorporate the behavioral changes in disease modeling. The agents in the individual-based model are allowed to move randomly and interact with each other in the environment. The interactions will cause the disease viruses as well as the fearfulness to be spread in the population. In addition, the individual-based model can have different environment setups to distinguish the urban and rural areas. The results shown in this paper are divided into two subsections, which are the justification of using uniform distribution as random number generator, and the variation of disease spread dynamics in urban and rural areas. Based on the results, the uniform distribution is found to be sufficient in generating the random numbers in this model as there is no extreme outlier reported in the experiment. We have hypothesized the individuals in urban area to have higher level of fearfulness compared to those in rural area. However, the preliminary results of the survey conducted show a disagreement with the hypothesis. Nevertheless, the data collected still show two distinct classes of behavior. Thus, the distinction does not fall into the samples taken from rural or urban areas but perhaps more on the demographic factors. Therefore, the survey has to be study again and demographic factors have to be included in the survey as we could not distinguish the level of fearfulness by areas.  

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