The socio economic challenge to improve the productivity of brackish water aquaculture business in Aceh Tamiang Regency

There were 3,624.5 hectares of the brackish water pond in Aceh Tamiang, which can support the national shrimp export program. The problems arise due to the pond ownership matter, the source of financing, the technology used, and the institutionalization action to improve productivity. The purpose of this research is to improve brackish water pond productivity based on socio-economic aspects in the location. The survey to achieve these aims conducted from April - May 2021, in eight villages in Aceh Tamiang. Data and information were interviewed from 160 pond farmers. Simple statistics and descriptive techniques were used to analyse the data. The main findings are: 91.1 % of the traditional brackish water farmers depend on commercial seed and feed; the productivity of the brackish water pond is between 1.2 tonnes/hectares/year - 2.4 tonnes/hectares/year; the average pond ownership is between 1.1 and 3.4 hectares/farmer; 60% - 94,1% of financial funding to run business depends on their source and the rest from investor or trader. This research recommends: the brackish water farmers in all villages should be organized in one “corporate business” to improve productivity. This institution is owned by farmers based on money stock and managed by professionals.

Insight Into Ecology, Metabolic Potential, and the Taxonomic Composition of Bacterial Communities in the Periodic Water Pond on King George Island (Antarctica)

Polar regions contain a wide variety of lentic ecosystems. These include periodic ponds that have a significant impact on carbon and nitrogen cycling in polar environments. This study was conducted to assess the taxonomic and metabolic diversity of bacteria found in Antarctic pond affected by penguins and sea elephants and to define their role in ongoing processes. Metabolic assays showed that of the 168 tested heterotrophic bacteria present in the Antarctic periodic pond, 96% are able to degrade lipids, 30% cellulose, 26% proteins, and 26% starch. The taxonomic classification of the obtained isolates differs from that based on the composition of the 16S rRNA relative abundances in the studied pond. The dominant Actinobacteria constituting 45% of isolates represents a low proportion of the community, around 4%. With the addition of run-off, the proportions of inhabiting bacteria changed, including a significant decrease in the abundance of Cyanobacteria, from 2.38 to 0.33%, increase of Firmicutes from 9.32 to 19.18%, and a decreasing richness (Chao1 index from 1299 to 889) and diversity (Shannon index from 4.73 to 4.20). Comparative studies of communities found in different Antarctic environments indicate a great role for penguins in shaping bacterial populations.

Study on Zooplankton Diversity and Physico Chemical Parameter of Pampoo Pond of Madhupur, Jharkhand, India

Zooplankton are diverse in nature and they are found in almost all water bodies. The present study deals with the study of monthly changes of Zooplankton diversity and physico chemical parameters of Pampoo Pond of Madhupur, Jharkhand, India. Present study was carried out for a period of one-year from July 2019 to June 2020. Present study revealed 15 genera of Zooplankton from the fresh water pond belonging to the four groups namely Cladocera, Rotifera, Copepoda and Ostracoda. Among all four group maximum abundance of Cladocerans (34%) were observed. Five species of cladocerans, five species of copepods, three species of rotifers and two species of ostracods were observed. The population density order observed as cladocerans> copepods> rotifers> ostracods. Physico chemical parameters were analyzed as per methods described in APHA (1998) and was found under standard range. KEYWORDS: Zooplankton diversity, Physico chemical parameters, Pampoo Pond, water quality

Machine learning for manually-measured water quality prediction in fish farming

Monitoring variables such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and pond temperature is a key aspect of high-quality fish farming. Machine learning (ML) techniques have been proposed to model the dynamics of such variables to improve the fish farmer’s decision-making. Most of the research on ML in aquaculture has focused on scenarios where devices for real-time data acquisition, storage, and remote monitoring are available, making it easy to develop accurate ML techniques. However, fish farmers do not necessarily have access to such devices. Many of them prefer to use equipment to manually measure these variables limiting the amount of available data to process. In this work, we study the use of random forests, multivariate linear regression, and artificial neural networks in scenarios with limited amount of measurements to analyze data from water-quality variables that are commonly measured in fish farming. We propose a methodology to build models in two scenarios: i) estimation of unobserved variables based on the observed ones, and ii) forecasting when a low amount of data is available for training. We show that random forests can be used to forecast dissolved oxygen, pond temperature, pH, ammonia, and ammonium when the water pond variables are measured only twice per day. Moreover, we showed that these prediction models can be implemented on a mobile-based information system and run in an average smartphone that fish farmers can afford.

Study on approaches of revitalization, optimization and usability of green spaces of Kabul province from the perspective of users

The current study examined the status of major parks and green spaces of in Kabul from the user’s perspective between 2017-2018. The green areas under study included Tapeh Paghman Park, Qaraghah Promenade, Hesse Avale Khairkhana Park, Babur Garden and Dehbouri Park. This research was an analytical one in which, after reviewing the theoretical foundations and related libraries, questionnaires were designed and distributed to the visitors of the park to disseminate the desired data and then the results were statistically analyzed. SPSS software was used to analyze gathered data. The data collected on current status of these areas comparison of that data with similar countries and analyzation of those information resulted in principle approaches in relations to optimization, expansion and better usability of these green spaces. and According to the results, there was not a significant positive correlation between age of the visitors and green space areas, so that users feel more secure with higher age. Based on the results, on average, the green spaces users were satisfied with respect to plants, the compositions of the color and greenspace therapy. The users also believed that these green spaces have positive effects on natural beauty and beautification of Kabul city, and they believed that water springs and water pond in the parks and green spaces also a factor of adding beautiful views on these green spaces. Moreover, the users suggested that the architectural style, plant diversification and presence of water in these spaces are the historical characteristics that should be preserved. Another characteristic which is responsible for preserving the historical and natural values of these green spaces are the preservation of prominent old plants. The main problem of the green spaces according to the users, was less availability of sports areas and recreational spaces.

Adoption Level of Good Aquaculture Practices in Brackish Water Pond Aquaculture, Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi Province

Pinrang Regency is a center of brackish water pond aquaculture production in South Sulawesi Province in which some of brackish water pond farmers in this regency have adopted Good Aquaculture Practices (GAqP). A study was conducted to determine GAqP adoption level, to identify GAqP aspects required to be improved, and to determine the category of GAqP adoption level as the first step to maximize the GAqP adoption level in the brackish water ponds. Primary data were obtained from 76 respondents consisted of pond farmers who already have adopted and or obtained GAqP certificates. On the basis of the adoption level, the adoption level classification is carried out into three categories, namely low adopters, medium adopters, and high adopters. The results showed that the highest GAqP adoption levels in brackish water ponds were in food security (89.41%) and technical aspects (78.57%). The lowest GAqP adoption levels were in management (8.71%) and environmental aspects (0%). It was also reported that the GAqP adoption level in brackish water ponds varied from 40.58 to 67.01% with an average of 42.86% and was categorized as moderate adopters. Based on this study, management and environmental aspects were found to be the aspects that need serious attention to increase the GAqP adoption level in the brackish water ponds.

Study on Zooplankton Diversity in A Fresh Water Pond (Raja Bandh) of Jamtara, Jharkhand, India

Zooplankton are cosmopolitan in nature and one of the most important ecological parameter in water quality assessment because they help in disposal of sewage and act as natural purifiers of water. Present study was carried out for a period of one-year from July 2018 to June 2019. The present study deals with Zooplankton diversity throughout the year in raja Bandh Pond of Jamtara, Jharkhand. The diversity of various types of zooplankton was studied and the result revealed that the zooplankton was represented by various genera viz., rotifera, cladocera, copepoda and ostracoda. Present study revealed 14 different species of zooplanktons belonging to 4 different classes namely 5 rotifers, 4 cladocerans, 3 copepods and 2 ostracod was observed. Rotifers were the dominant group of Zooplankton recorded with respect to diversity and population density status. Rotifers and Copepoda were the most dominant during summer than followed by Cladocerans and ostracodes. Present study revealed that the annual percentage composition comprises of 38 % rotifer, 26 % copepod, 20 %, cladocera and 16 % ostracoda respectively. Certain species viz, Brachionus sp, Daphnia sp, Cyclops sp, Cypris sp were recorded throughout the year.